System04115 Communication: Theories, Principles, and Models Report

This report delves into the multifaceted realm of communication, exploring its foundational theories, core principles, and various models. It begins by outlining classical theories such as authoritarian, social responsibility, and libertarianism, followed by a discussion of the hypodermic/bullet theory and the two-step flow of information theory. The report then elucidates key principles of communication, including informality, timeliness, attention, feedback, clarity, consistency, and adequacy. Furthermore, it provides a detailed examination of communication models, encompassing linear, interactive, Aristotle's, Lasswell's, Wilbur Schramm's, transactional, and Shannon and Weaver's models. The core of the report focuses on the practical application of these principles, models, and theories within teaching, learning, and assessment contexts. The report underscores the importance of tailoring communication strategies to diverse learning styles and emphasizes the significance of feedback to ensure effective knowledge transfer. The report concludes by reiterating the critical role of communication in facilitating successful information exchange within educational environments, and provides references to support the findings.

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RUNNING HEAD: COMMUNICATION
Theories, principles and models of
communication can be applied to
teaching, learning and assessment
Application of principles,
models and theories of
communication in
teaching, learning and
assessment
System04115

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Communication
Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Theories of communication........................................................................................................2
Principle of communication.......................................................................................................3
Models of communication..........................................................................................................3
Application of principles, models and theories of communication in teaching, learning and
assessment..................................................................................................................................4
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................5
References..................................................................................................................................6

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Communication
Introduction
From the beginning of evolution, communication has been an important part of human race.
They have used symbols, sounds, drawings, sign language and even gesture to exchange
thoughts and communicate. Communication helps in transferring of knowledge and
information. Communication is a two way street which help in exchanging feeling, ideas and
information through various modes such as speech, conduct, electronic medium, writing and
gesture. Communication is a way to express in such a way that the other person can clearly
understand. The following report discusses about, how theories, principle and model of
communication can influence teaching and learning process.
Theories of communication
Classical Theories
These comprises of various classical theories under this such as:
o Authoritarian Theory
o Social Responsibility Theory
o Soviet Media/Communist Theory
o Democratization/Democratic Participant Media Theory
o Libertarianism or Free Press Theory
o Development Communication Theory
Hypodermic/Bullet Theory:
This theory states the messages and information delivered through mass media have massive
impact on the audience. Furthermore the theory discusses that the information passed through
the media not only have bullet effect but also impacts the receiver to carry out the immediate
action (Peoi.org, 2019).
Two Step Flow of Information Theory:
This theory was discovered by Paul Lazaefled Elihu Katz, Berelson and Hazelduadet. This
theory states that the audience actions were not derived from the impact of media, as it was
believed. It was discovered in an investigation that the receiver of information does not react

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on the basis of mass media but more on the basis of association amongst themselves, it was
also agreement with audiences.
Principle of communication
Informality: To achieve the desired result sometime the speaker uses informal way of
communication because informal way of communication provides a free flow of information
that are more effective in certain situation.
Timelines: This principle states that it is important to deliver proper information at a proper
time. The value of information might be lost if it is delivered before or after the time.
Attention: In order to have an effective communication, it is necessary have the attention of
the receiver. There can be various problems, which may hamper an effective communication
such as pre-carried notions, emotions, behaviour and attention.
Feedback: The advantage of a feedback in a communication is that it provides assurance to
speaker or sender that the message has been properly interpreted and understood.
Clarity: This principle of communication suggests that there should be no ambiguity in the
message or the information for clear understanding. The message or speech should be framed
in such a way that it is properly understood in the way that it intended to be.
Consistency: There should be a consistency in the flow of information in order to have a
proper understanding of the topic. If the consistency is not maintained than, it might create
confusion for the receiver.
Adequacy: This principle states that the sender must communicate complete and adequate
information to avoid any confusion or delay in actions (Your Article Library, 2019).
Models of communication
Linear Model:
This is one of the formal ways of communication; the flow of information is in a one
direction. This model delivers the message or information to the receiver irrespective of any
technical jargons present in communication, which is also the drawback of this model.
Examples of the linear communication are letter, lecture, mails etc.

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Aristotle’s Model
Lasswell’s Model
Interactive Model:
This model work upon the basis that communication is a two way process. In this model, at a
certain point of communication sender becomes the receiver and vice-versa. This can also be
described as stacking of two linear communication models. Since in this model
communication is not a continuous process, which makes it difficult to understand the
information. Example of this form of communication is IM.
Wilbur Schramm’s Model
Transactional Model:
It this model of communication both the parties are known as communicators both the sender
and receiver are involved in a free flow of communication. In this, all parties are actively
participated in the conversation. There might be some barriers in this model such as noise,
technical jargons. Examples of such form of this communication are conversation with
friends.
Shannon and Weaver’s Model (1949)
Dean Barlund’s Model (1970)
Application of principles, models and theories of communication in
teaching, learning and assessment
Every individual has their own way and speed of learning and understanding information,
what one lesson easily come to one person might not be easier to another and vice versa.
There are various type of learner Visual, Aural, Readers, Kinaesthetic (VARK) and every
person respond differently to the different type of communication. To a communication to be
effective or to deliver a lesson effectively, it should include all the elements of
communication for all types of learners (Pdfs.semanticscholar.org, 2019).

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“Communication is described as transfer of information from one person to another
successfully.” The word focused in this statement is successful for a lesson or information to
effectively communicated, it should follow all the principle of communication. Than only we
can ensure that, the information is successfully communicated. It is also essential to take the
feedback from the learners, to learn about the barriers in the communication process if any.
The theories and model of communication explain us various forms of transferring a piece of
message, information or a lesson. With the help of various model of communication, we can
decide which model is effective in delivering in different information. The theories of
communication also help us to understand the effect of communication on the receivers.
Conclusion
Communication is a process of transferring information from one person to another
effectively. There are various factors that influence the process of communication. This
report explains theories, models and principle of communication, which provide an
understanding of various aspect of communication. It also discusses how these theories
principle and models can be effective in teaching and learning.

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References
Epgp.inflibnet.ac.in. (2019). Theories & Models Of Communication [online]. Available from:
https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/library_and_information_science/
knowledge_society/05._theories_and_models_of_communication/et/4305_et_et.pdf
[Accessed 12 February 2019].
iacact.com. (2019). Models Of Communication. [online]. Available from:
http://www.iacact.com/?q=models [Accessed 12 February 2019].
Pdfs.semanticscholar.org. (2019). An Application of Educational Theories and Principles of
Teaching and Learning Communication Skills for General Practitioners in Oman [online].
Available from:
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/250d/ae5e29e53cec6e0f84302fa5e9b9571f9c00.pdf
[Accessed 12 February 2019].
Peoi.org. (2019). Theories of Communication [online]. Available from:
http://www.peoi.org/Courses/Coursesen/mass/mass2.html [Accessed 12 February 2019].
Your Article Library. (2019). 7 Principles of Communication [online]. Available from:
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/management/communication/7-principles-of-
communication-explained/53333 [Accessed 12 February 2019].