Community Health Profile: An Assessment of Enfield Borough Population

This report provides a detailed community health profile of Enfield Borough, focusing on assessing the health needs and status of the population. The introduction outlines the report's structure, including background information on community health needs assessments, profiles, and monitoring/surveillance. The report then analyzes Enfield Borough's demographic characteristics, including population size, density, and age profile. It delves into key measures of deprivation and health determinants, such as employment, income, education, and access to housing, and examines the community's health status, including lifestyle factors. The report utilizes data from Public Health England's short and long profiles to identify priority public health needs, vulnerable groups, and disadvantaged communities within Enfield. It interprets the community profile using health need and population trends theories, and discusses community assets based on a community-based asset development approach. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and implications for improving future health services within Enfield Borough.

Assessing Health Population
1

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Background......................................................................................................................................1
What a community health needs assessment is and why it is used.............................................1
What a community health profile is and how it is relate to community health needs assessment
.....................................................................................................................................................2
What monitoring and surveillance is and how it is relate to community health needs
assessment....................................................................................................................................2
Community health profile................................................................................................................3
Information about borough..........................................................................................................4
Key demographic characteristics.................................................................................................5
Key measures of deprivation (inequalities).................................................................................7
Key measures of health determinants e.g. education, family, neighbourhood............................8
Key measures of the health status of the community..................................................................9
Implications of the findings of the profile.......................................................................................9
Information ascertained from profile and falls under the category of priority public health
needs of the community...............................................................................................................9
Ascertainment from the profile analysis that who is vulnerable and which is disadvantaged
group..........................................................................................................................................10
Interpretation of community profile with the help of health need and population trends and
transitions theories.....................................................................................................................10
Determining what is community assets defined by community-based asset development
approach and why this should be included in future community profiles and community health
needs assessments......................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
2

INTRODUCTION
Community health profile includes integration of different information or data related to a
community. This information has contribution towards assessment of the community health on
the basis of different angles. Health assessment is important from the direction of determining
health status of public within a nation, different communities and local authority. This is needed
to be carry out on yearly basis through consideration of different factors. This has huge
importance towards ascertaining different level of information’s like demographic
characteristics, measures of deprivation, health status of community, level of education, family
and neighbourhood. This will provide the opportunity to identify the group of people who are
deprived from basic medical services and other priority health maintenance related services. This
is beneficial from the direction of improving heath related services in all over the nation along
with the communities that are selected for priority services (Al-Muraikhi and et. al, 2017). It
improves the livelihood of all society personnel where other determinant also start growing
subsequently. This aid in development of core health structure for serving best services towards
society within a nation. This report includes the assessment of Enfield Borough population
health. The main aim of this report is to gather the information about actual health status and
other determinants so improvement will be made in positive direction.
The main aspects that are discussing in essay by adhering the same order as presented here
includes background information related to community health need assessment and community
health profile, community health profiling of Enfield borough through gathering the information
upon demographic characteristics, measures of deprivation, measures of health determinants and
key measures of health status of community and implications of the findings of profiling upon
betterment of future services.
Background
What a community health needs assessment is and why it is used
A community health needs assessment introduces to a systematic process of involving the
community to recognise and investigate health needs of community. This process gives an
effective way for entire community to prioritize health requirements, and to plan as well as act
upon backordered community health needs. Community health needs assessment may be
organised by a different variety of enterprises. There are number of methods includes in
3

conducting this type of assessment such as stakeholders meeting, surveys, interviews with
community leaders, community focus group, population health and other health–related
information and many other (Bali and Ramesh, 2019). All these are considering main methods
that will be beneficial in identification of community health needs easily. Along with this, there
are number of secondary sources such as journals, articles, publication research etc. All these are
also effective in identifying and analysing of community health needs in detailed manner. In
addition, a community health needs assessment in not a one-off action but effective development
procedures that is added to and amended over a time period. There are different reasons for using
community health needs assessment which will be explained as below:
 Maximum transparency to enhance community engagement as well as
accountability
 Use of proof based interventions and consolation of inventive practices with
careful assessment
 Assessment to inform a continuous health improvement process
 Enhanced knowledge regarding public health
What a community health profile is and how it is relate to community health needs assessment
A community health profile refers as a comprehensive collection of data regarding a
community. The information in a profile show the health needs of a community from various
angles. Community can introduce to a nation, locality within a nation or multi-nation region. The
information may cover secondary data that is already gathered and published regarding a
community or data gathered by administration or an individual creating the profile.
A community health needs assessment frequently yields a lengthy record of public health
requirements and issues. This record can then be followed to set priorities. The rationale of
prioritization is to build up consensus on a small record of objectives that a centre of population
can practically tackle. Arranging is a significant and from time to time difficult procedure that
can show the way to assessable enhancement within the health of a population (De Alba and et.
al., 2016).
What monitoring and surveillance is and how it is relate to community health needs assessment
Monitoring and surveillance are seen as statistical or numerical process that will support
health authorities to accomplish better and effective health services with the available resources.
4

Monitoring is an integrated system or procedures of creating observation on environmental and
health factors and of sorting and retrieving that information. Surveillance is another system that
mainly related with the data collection and interpretation. Monitoring and surveillance are related
with the community health assessment by collecting data from the community about the health
needs. This data or information supports the community to understand available and emerging
infectious as well as non-infectious diseases (Hatef and et. al., 2018). Therefore, Monitoring and
surveillance is an effective function that introduces to the provision of data and intelligence to
community health needs assessments. This will help health care in collecting, analysing and
interpreting of data about the community health needs in statistical manner.
Community health profile
This includes the collection of different kind of information related to a community. All the
information and data collected is further depicts the health of a community from different angles.
A community can be understood as county, locality with county, tribe or a multi county region.
The different types of information using under this includes the data or information which was
already collected or published in relation to the community and the information collected by the
organisation or individuals for the purpose of creating profile.
This type of assessment that presents the information upon whole community needed to be
broad in nature along with information related to different fields. In general, a community health
profile includes two type of issues i.e. previously identified and the new or emerging one’s
(Lardon and et. al., 2016). The list of aspects in respect to which information is collected and
presented under community health profile is presented below:
 Relevant description of the selected community
 Strengths and challenges attached with community
 Demographic and economic information
 Data related to health status
 Input related to community
 Information about community resources along with services, coalitions and systems
 Interpretation of the presented data from the dual perspective i.e. health council and
broader community
A portrayal of network frameworks can be constrained to wellbeing and clinical
consideration frameworks, yet it additionally can be sufficiently wide to incorporate instructive,
5

family, political, and strict frameworks working inside that network. A people group's translation
and examination of wellbeing information in a profile is fundamentally significant. The
understanding and investigation of wellbeing patterns and examples in the information can be
incorporated all through the profile, with synopses toward the finish of each profile segment, or
toward the finish of the profile (Lozier, Zahran and Bailey, 2019). There are different benefits
associated with the functioning of community profiling which is presented below:
 Combination of community data and its interpretation at one place so, the health data
related to the many sectors of community can be reviewed and used at one another place
for future improvements.
 Clear depiction of community health needs and issues so these will be prioritising for
further action.
 Identification of health indicator and sources of information so further can be utilised for
the purpose of monitoring change and addressing priority health issues.
 Using as basis for the development of Community Health Improvement Plan along with
other planning documents.
The borough selected for the community health profiling within the England is Enfield. The
different aspects in respect to which information gathered and further assessed is presented
below under different headings;
Information about borough
Enfield is around 12 miles by street from the focal point of London. Enfield has great
connecting’s to the national motorway framework, the north of the district being limited by the
M25, got to at intersections 24 and 25. It additionally has two trunk streets – the A10 and A406.
Five train lines go through the district, including the Piccadilly (Underground) Line interfacing
with Heathrow Airport. The other direct associations are in to London Kings Cross, Moorgate
and Liverpool Street, outward to Welwyn Garden City, Hertford North, Hertford East,
Letchworth and Stevenage. The position covers a territory of 8219 hectares. The Ward with the
biggest territory is Chase, speaking to 20.96% of the complete region.
It is a unitary position, having obligation regarding a wide scope of administrations despite
the fact that as one of the 33 London districts it is additionally served by the Greater London
Authority gathering, for transport, police and crisis administrations (Macek and et. al., 2016).
6

Key demographic characteristics
Population Size: At the mid of 2018, the population of Enfield is estimated to be 333869.
It is also estimated that this will increase by 1164 person (or 0.35%) in between the year 2017
and 2018 which less than the average of London and England i.e. 0.94 and 0.64 (Park and et. al.,
2017). The large increase will be visible in 65 plus age group people around 1.49%.
Figure 1Percent change in population size
The trends suggested that population of borough is increasing in nature but lower in the
rate as compare to England and London’s averages.
The list of the top 10 London boroughs on the basis of population size is presented below:
Figure 2Top 10 largest boroughs in London
7

As per the graph, Enfield is 5th largest as compared to other 33 London boroughs. Barnet
is the largest borough in London.
The trend of future population is highly uncertain. It could grow between the limit of
348500 to 377357 at 2037. The graph is presented below that shows percentage changes from
2018 to 2037.
Figure 3Percentage population trend change
It is clear from graph that the category of person which will increase in highest number is
belongs from the age group of 65 plus.
Population density: Enfield is 7th least populated borough in London. This would be the
reason that 40% area designated as green belt with several sizeable parks within the built up area.
Age profile: The age profile of Enfield is proportionately distributed between the sexes.
As compare to other London Boroughs, this has higher number of young age people aged
between 0 to 15.
8

Figure 4Percetage of residents in each age band
It is clear from graph that children and young people under 20 are more in Enfield than
London and England. Enfield has higher number of adults aged between 20 to 44 than England
average but less than London average.
Key measures of deprivation (inequalities)
Figure 5Measures of deprivation
9

The IMD is an overall measure of deprivation calculated for every lower super output
area in England. It has seven main domains that includes:
 Employment
 Income
 Education skills and training
 Health and disability
 Crime
 Barriers to housing and service
 Living environment
Key measures of health determinants e.g. education, family, neighbourhood
Education
Early years: Government insights on Early Years Foundation Stage Profiles in 2018 show
that Enfield performs somewhat under the national normal on Foundation Stage measures (Xiao,
2018).
Key stage 1: In Enfield, the level of understudies accomplishing the normal standard in
English Reading and Writing improved from 2017 to 2018, while in Science and Maths it
continued as before.
Key stage 2: By and large achievement in reading, composing and science, Enfield is
somewhat underneath the London and England midpoints (Enfield Borough Profile, 2019).
Key stage 4: In Enfield, 41.6% of participants accomplished a solid 9-5 pass, contrasted
and 40.2% in England and 48.7% in London. 61.4% of students accomplished a 'pass' (Grades 9-
4), contrasted and 59.4% in England and 67.9% in London. Enfield students accomplished a
normal Attainment 8 score of 46.3 (England – 44.5, London – 49.4). Enfield schools' normal
Progress 8 score was 0.08 – superior to the national normal and an enhancement for 2016/17.
Level 3/ A levels: Enfield's Level 3 understudies recorded an Average Point Score (APS)
of 31.47 – somewhat beneath the London normal (31.92) and the England state-financed division
(31.84). 78.6% of Enfield contestants accomplished in any event two considerable Level 3
capabilities. Enfield's A Level understudies' 'Best 3' A Level APS was 32.13 (equal reviewing of
C+), which was marginally under the London figure (33.09).
10

Key measures of the health status of the community
Figure 6 Life expectancy trends
The most recent accessible nearby gauges from the ONS (Life Expectancy at Birth 2015-
2017) propose that future during childbirth for guys conceived in this period in Enfield is 80.3
years, which is somewhat underneath the London normal (80.5 years) however over the UK
normal (79.2 years). Female future in Enfield is 84.5 years, while the London and UK midpoints
are 84.3 years and 82.9 years separately.
Implications of the findings of the profile
Information ascertained from profile and falls under the category of priority public health needs
of the community
As per the ascertained information, the aspects which are needed to improve or
considerable as priority public health needs of the community includes:
 Income
 Crime
 Barriers to housing
11

Ascertainment from the profile analysis that who is vulnerable and which is disadvantaged group
One the basis of the above information and study of health status determined that
vulnerable and disadvantaged group is Enfield male (Macintyre and et. al., 2018). This is so
because the life expectancy rate of female is much higher as compared to male.
Female average is around 80 to 86 whereas male have average age from 77 to 81. This
clearly depicts there is need for improvement in the health services and conditions for betterment
in the life of males.
Interpretation of community profile with the help of health need and population trends and
transitions theories
Bradshaw taxonomy of need: This help the services to understand the different ways in
which needs are measures, perceived and expressed. This allows the consideration of different
needs while planning services.
Nutrition transitions: It includes the move in dietary utilization and vitality consumption
that matches with financial, segment, and epidemiological changes (Mactaggart and et. al.,
2016).
According to both, in interpretation of community profile requires to consider all the needs
of individuals live within the society irrespective to its social status, age, gender etc. On the other
hand, change in nutritional level is must in accordance to the change in other determinants of
community. This will help to maintain perfect level of combination where needs are fulfilling
automatically.
Determining what is community assets defined by community-based asset development approach
and why this should be included in future community profiles and community health needs
assessments
Community assets are resources and strengths that may give to the entire quality or health
of life within a community. According to the community-based asset development approach,
community assets are the cooperative resources which communities and individuals have at their
disposal. This can be leverages to create an effective and accurate solution to encourage social
inclusion and enhance the well-being and health of society. Assets include associations,
individuals and organisations. A list of community assets could cover health centres, libraries,
community information services etc. Along with this, asset based community development
develops on the assets that are analyse within the community and mobilizes organisations and
12

individuals to come with each other to realises and builds up their strengths. This should be
added to future community profiles and community health needs assessments (McHale and et.
al., 2018).
By using primary and secondary sources of data collection, community asset must be
added to the future community profile. In community health needs assessment, community assets
should be added by using different methods such as stakeholders meeting, interviews with
community leaders, surveys, community focus group etc. All these are more effective ways for
adding community assets in the future record. At the centre of community-based asset
development approach are residents of the community that have personal knowledge and skills.
Everyone has assets and skills. Individual knowledge and assets require be recognizing as well as
identifying. In community development an individual cannot do anything with community needs,
only their assets (Nader, Kolahdooz and Sharma, 2017).
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that community health profiling is important
to know about the overall level of population reside within particular society. This help to
analyse on various basis includes education, crime, family, income, age profiling, health status
etc. This aid in future for further development of effective strategies and adoption of other
community policies who are doing good in some specific fields.
13

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Al-Muraikhi, H., Chehab, M.A., Said, H. and Selim, N., 2017. Assessing health beliefs about
osteoporosis among women attending primary health care centres in Qatar. Journal of
Taibah University medical sciences. 12(4). pp.349-355.
Bali, A. S. and Ramesh, M., 2019. Assessing health reform: studying tool appropriateness &
critical capacities. Policy and Society. 38(1). pp.148-166.
De Alba, A., Britigan, D. H., Lyden, E. and Johansson, P., 2016. Assessing health literacy levels
of Spanish-speaking Hispanic patients in Spanish at federally qualified health centers
(FQHCs) in the Midwest. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved. 27(4).
pp.1726-1732.
Hatef, E. and et. al., 2018. A population health measurement framework: evidence-based metrics
for assessing community-level population health in the global budget
context. Population health management. 21(4). pp.261-270.
Lardon, C. and et. al., 2016. Assessing health in an Alaska native cultural context: The Yup’ik
Wellness Survey. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. 22(1). p.126.
Lozier, M. J., Zahran, H. S. and Bailey, C. M., 2019. Assessing health outcomes, quality of life,
and healthcare use among school-age children with asthma. Journal of Asthma. 56(1).
pp.42-49.
Macek, M. D. and et. al., 2016. Assessing health literacy and oral health: preliminary results of a
multi‐site investigation. Journal of public health dentistry. 76(4). pp.303-313.
Macintyre, H. L. and et. al., 2018. Assessing urban population vulnerability and environmental
risks across an urban area during heatwaves–Implications for health
protection. Science of the total environment. 610. pp.678-690.
Mactaggart, I. and et. al., 2016. Assessing health and rehabilitation needs of people with
disabilities in Cameroon and India. Disability and rehabilitation. 38(18). pp.1757-
1764.
McHale, C. M. and et. al., 2018. Assessing health risks from multiple environmental stressors:
Moving from G× E to I× E. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research. 775.
pp.11-20.
Nader, F., Kolahdooz, F. and Sharma, S., 2017. Assessing health care access and use among
indigenous peoples in Alberta: a systematic review. Journal of health care for the
poor and underserved. 28(4). pp.1286-1303.
Park, E.R. and et. al., 2017. Assessing health insurance coverage characteristics and impact on
health care cost, worry, and access: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor
study. JAMA internal medicine. 177(12). pp.1855-1858.
Xiao, F., 2018. A novel multi-criteria decision making method for assessing health-care waste
treatment technologies based on D numbers. Engineering Applications of Artificial
Intelligence. 71. pp.216-225.
Online:
Enfield Borough Profile. 2019. [Online]. Available Through: <
https://new.enfield.gov.uk/services/your-council/borough-and-wards-profiles/
borough-profile-2019-your-council.pdf>
14

15