Community Health Nursing: Adolescent Health, STDs, and Prevention

This report delves into community health nursing, focusing on adolescent health, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and pregnancy prevention. It begins by outlining normal body changes during puberty and young adulthood for both girls and boys, including menstruation, breast development, physical changes, and the onset of puberty. The report then discusses specific STDs such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, HIV, herpes, and HPV, detailing their causes, symptoms, complications, and treatments. Each STD section provides insights into transmission, diagnostic methods, and available medical interventions. The report concludes with an overview of pregnancy and various methods of pregnancy prevention, including emergency contraception, natural family planning, IUDs, and other techniques. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide a thorough understanding of these critical public health issues.

Community Health Nursing
Name of Student
Institution Affiliation
Normative aging changes, sexuality, STDs, and
prevention.

Discuss normal body changes that occur
through puberty into young adulthood
Puberty stage comes with sequential body
changes that affect reproductive, muscular-
skeletal and other bodily systems. Gradual and
steady physical changes occur during this stage
(Thakur & Gautam, 2017). Many parents feel
comfortable with this as they feel that childhood
is passing too quickly.

Girls
 Menstruation begins between 18 months to two years after the
puberty commences. This means that the menses may begin
immediately girls turn their thirteenth birthday (Lynn, Umari,
Dunnick & Dellavalle, 2016).
 Girls also experience changes in breast budding at age ten or
some at early age 8 and other remains without signs until their
13th year.
 Widening of hips (Thakur & Gautam, 2017).
 Development of social anxiety and feelings
 Shyness for girls who have developed hips and breast
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Boys
 The puberty stage comes one year later compared to girls. They experience
testes enlargement as the first signs, reddening and thinning of the scrotum
(Pangelinan et al., 2016). This may happen at an average of 11 years, and this
may be between 9 to 14th birthday (Thakur & Gautam, 2017).
 Boys start ejaculation and can fertilize eggs/ovum and make girls mothers. There
is also an increase in the size of sex organs (Sawyer, Azzopardi, Wickremarathne
& Patton, 2018).
 Boys develop very strong muscles
 There is the development of acne facial pimples and development of beards
(Thakur & Gautam, 2017).
 Changes in sounds of voice
 Comparing boys and girls
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Discuss specific STDs, causes, symptoms, complications,
and treatment
 STDs are diseases which are passed through sexual
contact with people who are infected with viruses,
yeast, parasites, and bacteria (Berry et al. 2015).
Some of these diseases include:

Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a disease caused by bacteria
infection and is passed from one person to the
other through sexual contacts including vaginal,
anal, or oral sex (Danby et al., 2016). Gonorrhea
is caused by exchanging sex for money or drugs,
consistence sex without the use of protection
when not in a monogamous relationship, past or
present sexually transmitted diseases, having sex
with a person infected with STIs, having more
than one sexual partner, and having new sex
partners (Berry et al. 2015).

…gonorrhea
continuation…
 Some of the symptoms include frequent painful
urination, vaginal bleeding between periods, a
yellow vaginal discharge, and rectal bleeding,
discharge, and pain (Danby et al., 2016). The
complications associated with the disease if not
treated include disseminated gonococci infection
and PID.
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…gonorrhea
continuation…
 Gonorrhea can be treated by injection with an
antibiotic or single pill of the other antibiotic. Use
the two types of antibiotic pills if the injection is not
available (Rosenberg, 2017). Ensure the same is
done to your partner to avoid getting infected
again.
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Chlamydia
 Chlamydia and gonorrhea are related. They have
the same symptoms and causes as those of
gonorrhea and passed through vaginal, oral, or
anal sex. Infection of Chlamydia occurs in mouth,
urethra, rectum and reproductive organs (Berry et
al. 2015). Women mostly get an infection in the
cervix (Rosenberg, 2017).
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Chlamydia treatment
 Chlamydia is also treated with antibiotic and
tested after every three months and avoiding sex
before the illness (Danby et al., 2016).
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Complications
If Chlamydia is not treated, expect complications
like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which may
lead to infertility to women.

Syphilis
 Syphilis is also caused by bacteria. The bacteria
get through a cut in the skin by getting in contact
with a sore (chancre) of a victim of syphilis. This
disease is mostly passed through anus, penis,
vagina, or vulva and mostly through sexual
contact (Hillier, 2016). If there are genital sores,
there are high chances of HIV infection.
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