Analyzing Community Work Models and Approaches in Contemporary Society

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of community work models, specifically focusing on the Camden borough and the challenges posed by Brexit. It examines Jack Rothman's community work model, including social planning, locality development, and social action, and their application in addressing societal issues. The report explores the role of a Community Development Worker in fostering a secure business environment for expatriate employees and promoting community development. It delves into various community work approaches such as community action, community development, and social planning, highlighting their significance in addressing community needs and promoting collective action. The analysis also covers critical issues like societal problems, tensions within the state, and the role of community workers in promoting positive change. The report aims to provide insights into effective community work strategies and their relevance in contemporary society.

Matching our ideas
about community with
community work
models/approaches.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK .............................................................................................................................................1
Critical analysis of the community work model and relation to tensions, debates and wider
theoretical issues in contemporary society.............................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERNCES...................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Community can be defined as an element where a group of people shares their own
interests with certain level of attitudes or interest which works for a common goal. If it is talked
about business world, than it can be said that communities help in identifying common issues or
problems of an organisation, while utilising resources and implementing strategies in order to
accomplish organisational goals and objectives. In this report, Camden which is a borough of
London, England is going to be the geographical area and it has been chosen because Brexit
(Eviction of UK from European Union) has brought uncertainties among business environment
of Camden. Along with this, Community Development Worker is the community which has been
chosen under this assignment. Jack Rothman is an American social worker who work in
community organisation for the purpose of solving societal issues. Rothman community work
model includes three basic practices for the development of a community (Almirall, Lee and
Majchrzak, 2014). These three practices or models are social planning, locality development and
social action. The main objective of community work model is to do a work for societal benefits.
TASK
In today's business environment, community basically plays a crucial role in encouraging
people to work together with the purpose of learn about a common problems, and to develop a
plan for solve theses problems in order to meet their basic need. In addition to this, their
members make a strategy for developing a city or their citizen effectively which helps them to
enhance their standard of living. According to Bazemore and Schiff, (2015), community
organisation is a sustained process of providing education to people for understanding about their
problem and create awareness of their exiting conditions. Since Camden borough has started
facing impact of Brexit where people started leaving the jobs, It is necessarily required to remove
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all the uncertainties in short span because this has brought fear among citizens of countries that
belongs to EU as they has started leaving jobs. Bringing change among the same where
companies of United Kingdom (operating in Camden Borough) needs to assure job securities as
this will help in developing a healthy and secured environment at Camden Borough. Regarding
the same, Community Development Worker has kept its focus on bringing security among
expatriate employees so that they could work in Camden without bringing fear in their mind,
Along with this, they take necessary action for fulfilling a need and requirement by solving their
own issues on time. According to my point of view, organisations basically plays a very crucial
role for overall development of the society. Along with this, it helps in encouraging citizens, to
do a work actively for development and in functioning public and social services. In addition to
this, it helps in motivating the member of their community and influence them to do a work
together for achieving their goal and objectives effectively. For example, motivate can be created
by different different ways such as creating awareness, generate knowledge, provide education,
raising confidence and so on which could be used by Community Development Worker in order
to bring change among business environment so that expatriate employees do not stay fearful
while performing his/her job responsibilities.
Rothman's Community Work Model:
This model is originally developed by Jack Rothman in 1970. Rothman has invented
three models which includes locality development, social action and social planning. This model
could be used by Community Development Worker to bring change among business
environment at Camden borough. These factors are comprehended beneath:
 Social Planning: It is the first stage of this model which includes all the required data
and information which help in the overall development of the society. While solving
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problems, technical process involve in this method (Cantle, 2018). It is the method of
community organization which helps in development or welfare of the society. In this
process experts guide and control the change process with the help of technical skills.
With the help of available data and information, Community Development Worker's
experts analyse the current situation at Camden and make plans and strategies
accordingly. Social planning utilise available information, facts or data and then analyse
common issues faced by individuals of the society. As a result Community Development
Worker could plan strategies according to the requirement of the society. Effort is mainly
focused on the main goals and issues of allocation of resource.
 Social Action: This model involves the alteration in some policies which benefits the
overall society. Power should be distributed among different community members, so
they can take decisions in effective and efficient manner (Epstein, 2018). There are two
examples which are civil rights groups and social movements which could be used by
Community Development Worker in order to bring security among expatriate employees
at Camden Borough. While adopting changes, abrasive and participation approach should
be followed. While implementing these changes, some people adopt it easily while some
create issues.
 Locality Development: It is one of the method which generally helps in getting people
work together. Prime focus of this model is to develop a community. This model says
that every individual should involve in planning, evaluating and implementing of plan.. It
is the process in which group of people, collaborate and take some actions in order to
eliminate common issues faced by local people (Foss, Frederiksen and Rullani, 2016). It
is a procedure in which people of a society comes together and discuss on a common
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problem and make strategies to resolve them in an effective manner. For example,
individual of a particular society face some major issue which is related to education
system of that area. Individuals come together and create a group or committee, and make
some plans to improves the education system. As a result, children of the society can gain
proper education and knowledge which will further aid them for betterment of their
future. In the same way, developing local strategies could help Community Development
Worker in building trust among expatriate employees so that they could work without
any sort of fear of loosing job and so on.
A community work is a distributive and developing function that consists of following
approaches-
Community action- Community Development Worker basically focuses on
organisations that are affected by decisions or non decisions of private and public properties and
characteristics of society. The main aim of this strategy is to promote collective action for
challenging the existing economic and socio- political structures and processes (Gerstenblatt and
Gilbert, 2014) These helps in exploring and explaining realities of situation of people.
Community development – This focuses on mutual support, self help and building of
neighbourhood integration. It emphasises on developing capacities of neighbourhood for
problem solving. It helps in promoting collective actions to bring community preferences for
getting attention of decision-makers of politics. This will help Community Development Worker
in fulfilling needs of expatriate employees like job security and so on.
Social Planning – This includes assessing problems and needs of community (expatriate
workers at Camden Borough) and strategies of systematic planning for achieving them. Social
planning comprises of analysis of social conditions, agency services and social policies (Jason
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and Glenwick, 2016). This planning helps in setting priorities and goals, design of service
programmes and mobilisation of resources. For an instance, expatriate workers were filling with
tension and become less motivated and started performing low and some of them has resigned as
well. Here, it became so much important for Community Development Worker to set priorities
like developing local but strong job policies for workers.
Community organisation – Community organisation involves the grouping of agencies
and community or statutory authorities for promotion of joint initiatives.
Service Extension- This is a strategy which extends operations of agency and making
them accessible and relevant (Radman, 2015). This involves extension of services into
communities and providing these services to people.
There are various models of community work have developed like community care,
community organisation, community development, Social planning, community education,
community action which can be taken by Community Development Worker in order to improve
business environment. These are explained below-
Community care- Community work focuses on building of social networks and voluntary
services for concerning about people and society. The community model focuses on
development of self help concepts to handle welfare needs of people. Through this, it can easily
be said that Community Development Worker may easily develop job securities among workers
that belongs to other European Nations and this has maintained employment ratios at United
Kingdom even when it was facing issues related to uncertainties.
Community organisation – These organisations like Community Development Worker
helps in improving co-ordination and avoid duplication of services and poverty of resources
(Skålén, Pace and Cova, 2015). The community development is assists groups for acquiring
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confidence and skills and improving quality of people. This model reflects the uniqueness of
community work. Community development is an active participation in taking initiatives for the
community.
Social and community planning- the social and community planning model is made to
explain the community development and analysing social conditions, social policies and agency
services. Several goals and priorities of programs is explained and this can be used by
Community Development Worker in order to deliver detailed information to public regarding
actions that they are going to take.
Community education - This defines the significant attempts for redirecting educational
policies and practise in education and benefiting the society.
Community action- It has traditionally classified and it uses direct action and conflict for
negotiating power holders. This could directly help Community Development Worker in taking
right decisions at correct time for workers.
Feminists community work- The main aim of feminist community work practice
emphasize on improvement of welfare of women. This includes challenging the social
determinants of women inequalities. The practices are focused on local, personal and
neighbourhood level (Smithies and Webster, 2018). This is linked with various wider concerns
of feminists. This can be explained with an example- women are active in many localities for
providing accommodation, specially in form of emergency housing.
Black and anti-racist community work- Black people are not treated equally in other
countries. So they initiated forming several communities and supporting black people to get their
rights. These people want to be treated equally in the areas including housing, education, health,
relations, etc.
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Critical analysis of the community work model and relation to tensions, debates and wider
theoretical issues in contemporary society
Societal problems occurs due to formations of different communities. There are various
social conditions like disparity of income, weak social ties and related mistrust of others. These
affects the livelihood of problems of society like death rates, mortality and youth violence. The
role of the Community Development Worker in the community action model is an interesting
one and highlights the tension within the state towards community work. For the same, right
decisions were taken by the community in order to uplift the motivation level regarding
expatriate workers at Camden Borough. The community action is engaged in conflict with the
employers of community workers and local authorities. Community action which can be taken
by Community Development Worker mostly includes area of practice that is undertaken by
campaigners and activists who are unemployed directly or indirectly (Wellman, 2017). The role
of the community worker in the community action model is an interesting one and highlights the
tension within the state towards community work. However, community action, by its very
nature, is often engaged in conflict with the employers of community workers, the local
authorities. It is for this reason that community action is usually seen as an area of practice
undertaken by campaigners and activists who are not employed, directly or indirectly by the
state.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report it has been concluded that, Community organisation is
an act where individual of a community or society influenced to work together with the aim of
learning about a common issue. Along with this it is a process to develop a strategy for
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eliminating such problems in order to meet their requirements or basic needs. In order to analyse
the current situation and future requirements of a society, Rothman's community work model is
also mention in this report.
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REFERNCES
Books and Journals
Almirall, E., Lee, M., & Majchrzak, A. (2014). Open innovation requires integrated competition-
community ecosystems: Lessons learned from civic open innovation. Business
horizons. 57(3). 391-400.
Bazemore, G., & Schiff, M. (2015). Restorative community justice: Repairing harm and
transforming communities. Routledge.
Cantle, T. (2018). Community cohesion: A new framework for race and diversity. Springer.
Epstein, J. (2018). School, Family, and Community Partnerships, Student Economy Edition:
Preparing Educators and Improving Schools. Routledge.
Foss, N. J., Frederiksen, L., & Rullani, F. (2016). Problem‐formulation and problem‐solving in
self‐organized communities: How modes of communication shape project behaviors in
the free open‐source software community. Strategic management journal. 37(13). 2589-
2610.
Gerstenblatt, P., & Gilbert, D. J. (2014). Framing service learning in social work: An
interdisciplinary elective course embedded within a university–community
partnership. Social Work Education. 33(8). 1037-1053.
Jason, L., & Glenwick, D. (Eds.). (2016). Handbook of methodological approaches to
community-based research: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Oxford
university press.
Radman, Z. (Ed.). (2015). From a metaphorical point of view: a multidisciplinary approach to
the cognitive content of metaphor (Vol. 7). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
Skålén, P., Pace, S., & Cova, B. (2015). Firm-brand community value co-creation as alignment
of practices. European Journal of Marketing. 49(3/4). 596-620.
Smithies, J., & Webster, G. (2018). Community involvement in health: from passive recipients to
active participants. Routledge.
Wellman, N. (2017). Authority or community? A relational models theory of group-level
leadership emergence. Academy of Management Review. 42(4). 596-617.
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