A Comparative Study of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in India and UK

This report presents a comprehensive comparative study of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in India and the United Kingdom. It begins with an introduction to CKD, its stages, symptoms, and causes, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. The report then outlines the aims and objectives, focusing on evaluating lipid abnormalities in CKD patients across the two countries. A thorough literature review explores the basic understanding of CKD, including diagnosis and treatment methods, and examines the changes in clinical processes and technology. The methodology section details the research design, approach, philosophy, data collection methods, and ethical considerations. The study aims to identify differences in lipid profiles and treatment outcomes between Indian and UK CKD patients. The report also includes a reflective commentary and concludes with a summary of findings, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to CKD management based on regional variations and advancements in healthcare practices.

Comparative study of chronic
kidney disease patients in
Indian and UK

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
AIM AND OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................3
Aim of the project...................................................................................................................3
Objectives of the project.........................................................................................................3
Questions of the project..........................................................................................................4
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................4
Literature review..............................................................................................................................5
The basic understanding about chronic kidney disease..........................................................5
The diagnosis and treatment methods used for patient suffering from chronic kidney disease
................................................................................................................................................6
The comparison between lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease patients in India and
UK..........................................................................................................................................7
The changes in clinical process and technology occurs in terms of kidney chronic disease. 9
METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................10
Types of investigation..........................................................................................................10
Proposed plan.......................................................................................................................10
Theoretical frameworks of change.......................................................................................11
Research design....................................................................................................................13
Research approach................................................................................................................14
Research philosophy.............................................................................................................14
Data collection methods.......................................................................................................15
Method of sampling..............................................................................................................15
Data Analysis........................................................................................................................16
Ethical considerations...........................................................................................................16
IMPACT OF CHANGE.................................................................................................................17
REFLECTIVE COMMENTARY..................................................................................................18
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21
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INTRODUCTION
Chronic kidney disease refers to the medical condition of longstanding disease of kidneys
that leads to renal failure. It includes the situation when the kidneys functioning become
interrupted and they failed to filter the waste as well as excess fluid from the blood (Prakash and
Sharma, 2014). However, the abnormality of kidney functioning is responsible for spreading
toxins in human body which develop several health problem of in a human being. It includes the
fact that chronic kidney has number of stages like high or normal GRF, mild CKD, moderate
CKD, severe CKD and end stage of CKD. It is necessary for people to immediately gain
treatment by registered physician to get quick treatment otherwise complicated conditions
occurs. It becomes difficult for care professionals to deal with severe chronic kidney disease
condition because patient becomes weak and strong doses as well as clinical procedures will not
easily control the entire situation (Akbarsha, 2019).
Chronic kidney disease has number of symptoms such as vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue
& weakness, sleep problems, changes in urination, reduced mental sharpness, muscle twitches &
cramps, swelling of feet & ankles, chest pain, persistent itching, shortness of breath, high blood
pressure and nausea. It is observed that kidney plays an important role to filter the waste and
helps in extracting the waste and toxins from the body. Basically, kidney problems are
responsible for developing diseases or infections in other parts of the body (Romagnani and et.
al., 2017). If unfiltered fluids will move throughout the body then it will develop problem in
different areas of human body. However, if these issues were not treated at initial level then it
may acquire severe health condition. It includes that chronic kidney diseases include kidney
damage condition they may acquire worst situation. Moreover, it has been analysed that there
number of other health problems such as high blood pressure, heart disease, heredity of kidney
problem, old age and diabetes which are responsible for causing chronic kidney disease.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
Aim of the project
“To evaluate the comparative study of lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease
patient in India and United Kingdom.”
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Objectives of the project
 To identify the basic understanding about chronic kidney disease.
 To analyse the diagnosis and treatment methods used for patient suffering from chronic
kidney disease.
 To evaluate the comparison between lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease
patients in India and UK.
 To examine the changes in clinical process and technology occurs in terms of kidney
chronic disease.
Questions of the project
 How to identify the basic understanding about chronic kidney disease?
 What are the diagnosis and treatment methods used for patient suffering from chronic
kidney disease?
 How to evaluate the comparison between lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease
patients in India and UK?
 What are the ways to examine the changes in clinical process and technology occurs in
terms of kidney chronic disease?
BACKGROUND
The chronic kidney disease is known to be a severe health problem which should be treated
immediately to maintain appropriate health condition. In context of this project, it is based on the
research aim to evaluate the comparative study of lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease
patient in India and United Kingdom. It includes to carry out investigation in regards to lipid
abnormalities related to chronic kidney disease patient in two countries (Khandelwal and et. al.,
2016). This project will focus on the basic understanding about chronic kidney disease including
its symptoms and causes in proper manner. It will also includes the method of diagnosis and
treatment to deliver appropriate care services for making patient healthy. It includes to conduct
diagnosis in order to evaluate actual problem and its causes according to which effective care
plan can be prepared for betterment of a diseased person (Koye and et. al., 2018). The evaluation
of comparison between lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease patient in India and United
Kingdom is explained below. It consist the other research objective to examine the changes in
clinical process and technology occurs to deal with kidney chronic disease are mentioned here.
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Literature review
Literature review can be described as a process in which different research articles of
similar research topic has been studied. It includes carrying out effective review of articles by
analysing viewpoints of different authors. However, this process can be considered as to gather
appropriate data in order to conduct investigation in order to gain desired findings (Koye and et.
al., 2018). The literature review is an efficient procedure related to investigation which involves
the criterion of enumerating, describing, summarising, objectively evaluating as well as
clarifying the previous research articles. Moreover, it includes the utilisation of survey books,
scholarly articles and other relevant sources in respect of collecting appropriate information. This
literature review will focus on the aim of evaluating lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease
patients by considering respective objectives (Habeeba and et. al., 2020).
The basic understanding about chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease can be defined as a medical condition when kidney damage occurs
and it acquire wrist situation. As per view given by Edelstein (2016), t includes the condition of
occurring abnormalities in functioning of kidneys due to which diseases have started to occur in
human body. Basically, it has been analysed that kidney cannot able to carry out its functions of
filtering all the waste and toxins and facilitate to relive the same form the body. The chronic
kidney disease are responsible for developing different types of symptoms such as fatigue, loss
of appetite, nausea, vomiting, sleep problems, muscle twitches, swelling of feet & ankles,
persistent itching and chest pain. However, has been identified that several health problem are
responsible for causing chronic kidney disease including, type 1 or type 2 diabetes, high blood
pressure and glomerulonephritis which is known as an inflammation of kidney’s filtering units
i.e. glomeruli. However, includes other cause such as intestinal nephritis that is an inflammation
of kidney’s tubules as well as surrounding structured and polycystic kidney disease. However, it
includes the condition of prolonged obstruction of urinary tract from conditions like enlarged
prostate, kidney stones and some type of cancer facilitate occurrence of kidney problem. In
addition to this, it has been analysed that vesicoureteral reflux which is condition causing urine
to back up into the kidneys and recurrent kidney infection also called as pyelonephritis are
responsible for causing chronic kidney diseases. It is necessary for an individual to improve their
lifestyle and consult immediately to doctor while having symptoms of any health problem in
order to remain well-being by avoiding severe diseases (Hopewell, Haynes and Baigent, 2018).
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On the other hand, it is observed that chronic kidney diseases may acquire by people
having problems of health like diabetes, hypertension, polycystic diseases etc. In the same way,
the chronic kidneys are accountable to have number of risk factors in relation of health condition
of people. Basically, it includes the risk of facilitating occurrence of various kinds of severe
diseases such as high blood pressure, heart & blood vessel disease, smoking, obesity, family
history of kidney disease, abnormal kidney structure. According to the opinion of Impellizzeri
and et. al. (2014), it has been analysed that people may overcome from the kidney problem but
the shape & size id kidney get changed due to which their functioning get modified for the life
long duration. Meanwhile, the older age is also known as potential risk factors that increase
chance of occurring chronic kidney problems (Tallman and et. al., 2018). Apart from this, it has
been analysed that chronic kidney disease is accountable to have their impact on almost every
part of human body and relevant complications consist certain conditions it includes fluid
retention, sudden increase in levels of potassium in body, cardiovascular problems, weak bones
& increased risk of bone fractures and anaemia. However, it consist the other problems including
reduced sex drive, erectile dysfunction or decreased fertility, damage in central nervous system,
reduced immune responses, pericarditis, increased risk of pregnancy complications and
irreversible mange to kidneys. Moreover, it is necessary for patient with kidney disease are
required to immediate consult with doctor in order to gain more effective as well as efficient
treatment to become wellbeing by ignoring relevant complications.
The diagnosis and treatment methods used for patient suffering from chronic kidney disease
The diagnosis plays an important role in terms of evaluating symptoms and actual causes
behind specific health problems. As mentioned by Baumgaertel, Kraemer and Berlit (2014), it
includes the criterion of identifying the cause of particular diseases and its stage according to
effective care services can be delivered for wellbeing of an individual. Basically, it includes that
chronic kidney disease and its impact on human body is required to be examined by clinical
practitioners to terms of providing medications to overall wellness of an individual. This problem
is responsible to be occurring in number of stages which are required to be diagnosed in
appropriate manner. Initially, the stage 1 includes that GFR rate is normal and evidence of
kidney disease has been detected. Secondly, the stage 2 consist the situation in which GFR rate is
lower than 90 millilitres and evidence of kidney disease has been detected (Anderson and et. al.,
2019). Thirdly, the stage 3 includes the GFR rate is lower than 60 millilitres regardless of
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whether evidence of kidney disease has detected. However, it involves the stage 4 when GRF
rate is lower than 30 millilitres regardless of whether evidence of kidney disease has been
detected. In addition to this, final stage consist GFR rate is lower than 15 millilitres then renal
failure had occurred.
In context of chronic kidney disease, it includes the specific diagnosing methods and
procedures in order to detect the actual problem and its causes. Musso, Jauregui and Núñez
(2015) states that it consists to carry out physical exam to analyse temperature, respiratory rate,
heart rate etc. for detecting the health problem of patient. However, it involves the method of
blood test in terms of evaluating the blood sample to study about its components like red blood
cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma to identify the abnormalities. It includes the
measurement of electrolytes and waste present in blood which is helpful to detect the problem of
kidney and its severity that helps to establish accurate care plan for betterment of an individual.
It has been evaluated that the physician measure amount of waste products such as creatinine as
well as blood urea. The creatinine is known to be by-product of muscle metabolism whereas
blood urea is leftover by breakdown of protein in human body, when kidney functioning is
appropriate then both these components are excrete out. Moreover, it consist the other method of
urine tests, imaging test including CT scan, MRI & ultrasound and biopsy (Streja and et. al.,
2018).
The treatment of chronic kidney disease is based on establish care plan by evaluating
actual condition of patient to provide desired medications. It includes the criterion of providing
statins to control the blood pressure and cholesterol level because kidney diseases are associated
with these problems (Halcox and Misra, 2015). Basically, it involves the utilisation of
supplement for production of sufficient amount of red blood cells in patient who have experience
the anaemia due to kidney disease. It is so because human body requires enough iron is
manufactured by blood cells due to which clinical practice of blood transfusion occurs to
improve red blood cell health in body. However, the vitamin D and calcium supplements are
provide to patients for improving strength of bones that weakened due to chronic kidney
problem. Moreover, the medications include antihistamines to relive symptom of itchy skin and
antiemetic that is helpful to overcome with nausea (Sethna, Merchant and Reyes, 2018).
6

The comparison between lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease patients in India and UK
The chronic renal problem is caused due to occurrence of lipid abnormalities in terms of
metabolism. As per view of Locatelli and et. al. (2014), it will facilitate the appearance of
nephrotic syndromes as its consequences or the problem of renal insufficiency takes place.
Basically, these consequences can be reflected in an altered Apo lipoprotein profile along with
elevated plasma lipid levels. It has been analysed that the abnormalities due to lipids is
responsible for developing problem which facilitate the occurrence of chronic kidney disease. It
consist the correlation between the renal disease and dyslipidaemia because abnormal
concentration of lipids develop problem of kidney as well as its parts. It has been analysed that
the high level of cholesterol and triglyceride plasma has independent risk of encouraging renal
disease among people (Ribeiro and et. al., 2016). However, the progression of renal disease take
place due to lipid abnormal levels in body and it is caused by oxidative stress as well as insulin
resistance accordingly. It includes the fact that lipids inappropriate levels is responsible for
facilitating damage in specific parts of kidney which further acquire the chronic kidney disease
condition. Moreover, it has been examined that renal function decline due to reduction in lipids
that is responsible for causing primary renal outcome lipid lowering therapy study (Lanza and et.
al., 2020).
In context of India, it has been analysed that there are several cases observed in which
chronic kidney disease occurs due to condition of lipid abnormalities. According to the view of
Herrick Litvin and Goldberg (2014), it includes their reduction in body due to which renal
functioning declined which leads to condition of chronic kidney disease among patient in the
country. Basically, it involves the condition that there is a moderate hypertriglyceridemia and
reduced in HDL level in CKD patients. It has been evaluated that the problem lf chronic renal
failure in India varied from no lipid abnormalities at all to significant abnormality
hypertriglyceridemia along with reduced HDL. It is observed that patient having problem of
kidney disease were profound with lipid disorders then relevant treatment is required to be
delivered for wellbeing of an individual. However, it has been identified that there is a potential
reduction in HDL and increase in LDL level on patients suffering from chronic kidney diseases
in effective manner.
On the other hand, the patients of chronic kidney diseases in United Kingdom have
condition of abnormal lipid level in their body. It consist the condition among citizens of UK to
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acquire problem of related to lipid metabolism that results into chronic kidneys disease among
them. However, it involves the fact that elderly people are more likely to become diseased by
kidney problem due to occurrence of lipids abnormalities in United Kingdom. It is observed the
lipid abnormalities were mostly evaluated among older people in respect to lipid metabolism due
to which they acquire chronic kidney disease (Grzegorzewska, 2014). Some of these individual
face renal problem because they have condition in which reduction in levels of lipids become
inappropriate.
The changes in clinical process and technology occurs in terms of kidney chronic disease
The clinical procedures and use of technology plays an important role in terms of
providing effective treatment to needy people. As mentioned by Ishani and et. al. (2016), it is
necessary for healthcare organisations to put efforts for adopting new and innovative technical
instruments which helps to delivery better quality of treatment along with saving the time.
However, it has been analysed that time is very crucial in terms of medical field because delay in
treatment for few minutes may take life of an individual or it may make patient stable by giving
quick treatment. It includes the fact that innovative clinical practices are more effective as well
as efficient in respect of providing appropriate care services (Vallianou and et. al., 2019). It will
provide support to reduce chance of complications which facilitate to boost up patient experience
respectively. Meanwhile, the use of technology plays an important role to maintain accuracy of
patient information about chronic kidney disease which facilitates to make decision accurately in
terms of improving condition of an individual. It includes the criterion of making an effective
care plan and ensures that patient is wellbeing or not. Innovative technology is favourable in
order to monitor the treatment effects on patient with chronic kidney disease and regularly deal
with patient in appropriate manner.
In case of India, the healthcare system includes use of Robot assisted surgery which is
helpful to maintain accuracy of conducting entire procedure of operation. Ong and et. al. (2015)
states that it includes the use of robots to carry out desired clinical practices on regular basis
which helps staff to give proper time to specific patient and satisfy their medical needs.
However, it has been analysed that patient with chronic kidney disease were commonly observed
then extra pressure of sick people can be easily deal with the help of robot employees. It involves
the utilisation of machines and robots to carry out other administration work then Investigator
can perform their treatment practices with more focus that facilitate to improve the condition of
8

an individual. Meanwhile, the use advanced technology is adopted in hospitals of India that helps
to overcome with the problem of inaccurate diagnosis of disease which is risky for patient. It
includes the utilisation of advanced machines and equipment that helps to detect accurate
problem which encourage to deliver appropriate medical services with improve quality to make
an individual wellbeing (de Almeida Alvarenga and et. al., 2018).
In context of United Kingdom, it has been analysed that the innovative technology is
telemedicine is used by physicians and doctor of the country in order to deal with patients’ lives
far away from hospital, the telemedicine is helpful for patient who were not able to visit the
hospitals or clinics on regular basis then they can conduct electronic telecommunications with
their doctor (Hamed, 2014). However, it is helpful for patients to consult with their physician
easily and get proper prescription online and overcome with chronic kidney problems. They can
communicate about problem with doctors and physician can monitor their patients’ condition
online by telecommunication through the facility of telemedicine respectively.
METHODOLOGY
Types of investigation
The types of investigation can be considering two methods such as qualitative and
quantitative method of research. It is very important for an investigator to establish an effective
decision to select suitable method to carry out entire study. However, it is necessary for a
researcher to select favourable method according to the specific research problem and topic to
conduct the investigation in proper manner (Raghav and et. al., 2018). In context of this
qualitative research method is used to conduct investigation on selected topic in order to gain
appropriate outcomes. It is appropriate for the given investigation because it is responsible to
focus on in depth knowledge of particular topic in order to gather desired information which
facilitates to gain accurate findings respectively. Meanwhile, it includes studying the opinions,
thoughts and feelings of participants to collect relevant data which will provide support to
improve accuracy of the research outcomes. It is beneficial in terms of informing new concepts
and theories in proper manner (Kalaitzidis and Elisaf, 2018).
Proposed plan
The proposed plan includes the time of every specific task of the investigation which is
helpful to direct efforts of an investigator in correct direction. It includes the benefit that
9

researcher will perform every specific activity of study within the set specific deadline which
will provide support to complete the entire investigation with desired duration of time (Stefan
and et. al., 2014). In context of this investigation, it will focus on the Gannt chart which mention
each specific task of investigation like introduction literature review, methodology and findings
along with its duration of time mentioned with specific dates. It includes the plan with flow chart
that helps to understand the appropriate sequences of different tasks that can be carried one by
one. It is also favourable to understand that which tasks can be done initially and alternative with
other research activities (Mohammed and et. al., 2019).
Theoretical frameworks of change
Leadership models will be considered in terms of adopting new and innovative clinical
techniques in order to implement desired change for attaining better patient outcomes. It includes
the utilisation of change management models to apply desired changes in healthcare system of
the country to improve delivery of appropriate care services. However, it is required or
healthcare sector in India and UK to adopt several changes in order to facilitate desired
modifications in care services by considering better quality. It is necessary to use leadership
models and management theories to manage all the work after considering innovative changes in
healthcare services to enhance efficiency of health system. It will provide support to reduce the
waiting time of patients and deliver effective facilities for making them disease free (Lopes and
et. al., 2018).
Situational leadership theory:
Situational leadership theory can be defined as a framework that is suitable to deal with
different types of circumstances. In other words, Situational leadership Theory describe that
leaders opt the prominent leadership style according to the existing skills of their employees and
also consider their developmental level. It also provide that the leaders with the prominent
flexibility can assess the situation in order to adopt significant leadership style which is best
suited according to the requirement of the followers. While using situational leadership the
leaders need to be aware regarding the viewpoint and perception of their followers.
By considering the prominent Kidney Disease that leads to arise vomiting, insomnia,
reduction of memory and so on at the time of various steps of the process then the health leaders
need to be aware of it and prominently adopt the leadership style that matches with the
developmental status of their team members. Along with this, it is based on two behavioural
10

categories including task behaviour and relational behaviour as task describe that leader involve
in performing its duties and responsibilities whereas relational describe that leader involved in
the two way communication process. Therefore, by considering this theory it is prominently
adopted by the Indian health leaders by maintaining balance among their work including
guidance and direction that comes under task behaviour and socio-emotional support that relies
under relational behaviour (Oguntola, 2018).
Contingency leadership theory:
Significance of leadership style depends on the leader who handles the prominent
situation and Organisation. The contingency theory states that there is no prominent solution for
the specific situation and in this context health leaders need to take immediate decision according
to the certain situation. Therefore, it describes that the certain aspects of the situation can impact
the effectiveness of leadership. For example, the leader who is good in task orientation will
perform its best in any situation and can easily control it whereas a leader who is good in
relations will perform best in only moderate control situation. In terms of this the situations are
varied according to the level of control position power and the task structure (Calza and et. al.,
2018).
It is apparent for the contingent leaders that are suitable for various setups regarding the
understanding and providing strategic direction. Therefore considering the Healthcare leaders of
UK it is best suited on them as the varying level of culture and development is contingent over
there and for this contingency approach is suitable. By evaluating the Healthcare conditions of
UK contingency theory is a good starting point in order to identify the type of leadership which
the Healthcare leaders need to manage their organisation.
Lewin’s change management model:
Considering the change model of Lewin’s describes the dynamic balance of forces that
work in different directions. This change theory has three prominent concepts that is driving
force restraining force and equilibrium. Moreover, driving forces are the one that push towards
the direction by which change occurs. It is also facilitate the change by considering the patient in
the prominent direction. It leads to shift in the equilibrium towards the change and restrain the
forces that counter the driving forces. Along with it, this change criteria is used by the Indian
change agent as the head the change because the push the patient towards the opposite direction.
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Therefore, it leads to rose and lowered the changes which occur among the driving and
restraining forces (Traynor and Kovalik, 2018).
Unfreezing: This procedure is useful in finding the best method to make things possible
for the employees by letting go the old pattern. For this it is required to overcome the strains of
the resistance of an individual and compatibility of group. Therefore this stage needs to increase
the driving force in order to direct the behaviour regarding the existing situation, decrease the
restraining forces by analysing the negative impact from the present equilibrium and lastly find
the combination of these two prominent methods.
Change: It states that moving to the new level by considering the prominent process of
change within the feelings thoughts and behaviors that is more liberating and productive for the
Healthcare leaders.
Refreezing: Lastly, it describes the development of change with the arrival of new habit
that becomes the standard operating procedure. As without this step it is easier for the patients to
go back to their old habits (Wallace, 2019).
Kotter’s change management theory
This is considered to be the prime model which is adopted by healthcare providers of United
Kingdom which consists of 8 different steps and these are given underneath: Step One: Creation of the urgency: Primal objective of the healthcare department of
United Kingdom is to reduce the number of patients dealing with lipid abnormalities of
chronic kidney disease. Step Two: Form a Powerful Coalition: Health care providers what required to take into
consideration of different aspects that are followed by Indian doctors in order to treat
patient going through lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease. Step Three: Create a Vision for Change: Adoption of different technologies utilised by
Indian doctors for treating chronic kidney disease. Step Four: Communicate the Vision: Delivering appropriate information to all the staff
members and the nurses that are communicating and dealing with patients. Step Five: Remove Obstacles: Removal of existing practice which was not that much
effective in nature for the betterment of patients dealing with lipid abnormalities of
chronic kidney disease (Memije-Lazaro and et. al., 2018).
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 Step Six: Create Short-Term Wins: Utilising different tools and techniques along with
therapies that are effective in nature so that to serve the best treatment to patients. Step Seven: Build on the Change: Cell reinforcements possibly a critical medication for
patients in United Kingdom who has lipid abnormalities. Step Eight: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture: Optimum utilisation of all the
changes that are made for appropriate outcomes.
Research design
Research design refers to an effective strategy in order to integrate the various components
of investigation in a coherent as well as logical manner. It includes several categories such as
descriptive, experimental and exploratory from which specific and appropriate one should be
used to carry out study in proper manner (Rizos and Elisaf, 2017).
This investigation focus on the descriptive research design which is an effective option to
carry out study on lipid abnormalities in chronic kidney disease which helps to gain accurate
findings. It is favourable to address the research objectives in effective manner because this
method constitutes the blueprint for collection, measurement and analysis of data. However, it is
beneficial to conduct analysis of non-quantified issues and topics and facilitate observation of
specific phenomenon in completely natural as well as unchanged natural atmosphere (Akchurin,
2019).
Research approach
Research approach is likewise another key part of an examination, accordingly, it alludes
as the arrangement and method which comprises of the phases of expansive suspicions to
enlightening apparatuses of data gathering, investigation and understanding. It is along these
lines, envelops over the idea of the examination issue being settled. This area of examination
depends on deductive and inductive research approach. In the current examination work,
deductive research approach has been mulled over by the scientist as it is appropriate with
regards to breaking down overall perspective view of different scholars and other individuals for
the better understanding of the overall topic and to enhance the overall information and
knowledge in relation to lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease patient in India and United
Kingdom (Means, 2019).
Deductive research approach is considered as a powerful methodology of data examination
as it is primarily applied by the Investigators for social affair precise information corresponding
13

to a particular zone of study. Along these lines it approach is for the most part, centers with
building up a speculation hand-off after existing hypothesis and them plotting a best examination
system to break down the theory, accordingly it begins with a hypothesis, creating speculation by
means of the hypotheses and afterward assembling and investigating data to test those theory.
Research philosophy
This alludes as the key thought of an agent during the usage of an investigation. In this
manner, examine reasoning is characterized as a conviction design which is consolidates in the
piece of examiner for executing the examination work. This procedure is utilized to decipher the
information with the goal that better outcomes can be drawn out from the examination. Research
reasoning is of two kinds which are interpretivism and positivism. Interpretivism theory alludes
as abstract translation and intercession truly that can be completely comprehended (Kummer and
et. al., 2020). On the opposite side, positivism theory includes treatment of reality with varieties
in just a solitary free factor in order to decide regularities in, and to shape interconnection
among, a portion of the constituent parts of the social globe. In the current research work,
positivism reasoning has been applied by the analyst as it is most appropriate philosophical
decision for dissecting the lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease patient in India and
United Kingdom.
Positivism reasoning is generally fitting for quantitative instrument as it is useful in giving
data that depend on established truths and figures, thusly, in this numerical information are
assembled that are strong in tending to the examination issue in viable way and coming to at the
potential result. Positivist accepts that actually steady and can be watched and decided through a
goals perspective without meddling the marvel being investigated.
Data collection methods
Data collection method plays an important role to carry out investigation on specific
research problem or topic. It includes the fact that appropriate use of sources is helpful to gather
accurate data which facilitate to achieve effective findings. Meanwhile, the data collection
method can be categorised into primary and secondary methods having their specific sources of
gathering relevant information. However, the primary data collection sources include several
methods such as survey, focus groups, interviews, questionnaire and observation. In contrary to
this, the secondary data collection method consist various sources including, books, journals,
articles, websites, newspapers, magazines, government publications and many more. The
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secondary data collection methods are used to gain relevant information to study about given
topic (Angeli and et. al., 2018).
Method of sampling
The random sampling is used to recruit respondents for gathering relevant data related to
selected topic of the project. Basically, there are two different types of data sampling
methodologies that are utilised by investigators in present context whether the topic is based on
health or any other. The sampling methods are probabilistic and non-probabilistic methods. In
present investigation while conducting the investigation on the particular topic lipid
abnormalities of chronic kidney disease patient in India and United Kingdom. Present that came
in front of adopting this sampling method is because of the nature of the investigation as research
is performed on the different perspectives of the medication among countries like India and
United Kingdom.
Data Analysis
Information investigation principally alludes as the strategy of examining, purifying,
changing and demonstrating data with the goal of finding suitable information data result and
supporting dynamic. Besides, information investigation if the procedure of efficiently utilizing
measurable and legitimate development devices to decide and represent, consolidate and recap
and dissect data. Notwithstanding this it is a significant part of guaranteeing data trustworthiness
is the suitable and precise assessment of examination discoveries (Lucius, 2019).
The Investigator needs to assess the data which are collected by means of the analyst in
increasingly definite way to make successful fulfilment of the work. Appropriate examination
instrument is being picked in the wake of receiving a reasonable examination type from
Qualitative and quantitative angles, along these lines, the investigation device is for the most part
dependent on either Qualitative or quantitative examinations. On account of this current
examination the general investigation depends on quantitative viewpoints so in this investigation
apparatus is being chosen based on quantitative perspectives. In any case, in this survey is being
applied by the analyst as it is most reasonable device for executing examination over the zone of
exploring the different perspectives of the medication among countries like India and United
Kingdom.
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Ethical considerations
In the execution of an examination, it is significant for the Investigator to follow the
examination morals in regard to helping the general work in right way to coming to at the
potential outcomes and results. The essential thought of an examiner is to worry over the
examinations morals and standards that are elevate to lessen the odds of blunders and clashes.
Moral contemplations can be tended to at individual and at cultural level, along these lines, it
alludes as how people are influenced through the lead of others merits moral contemplations.
With regards to executing a proper scholastic research, it is principal for the Investigators to
catch up all the moral practices in regard to be work inside moral way and don't hurt the poise of
cultural viewpoints. There are different viewpoints which are should be considered by the analyst
like, Researcher needs to guarantee their respondents about the wellbeing and security of their
data as respondents are principally willing for the privacy of their own information (Bitan and et.
al., 2019).
In any case, the Investigator is essentially mindful to think about the enthusiasm of members
and society in general, therefore examiner has not to work with those angles that influences the
feelings and estimations of individuals (Llewellyn, 2019). What's more, examiners likewise
requires to follow the morals as per which they ought to guarantee their members about not
soliciting any sort from individual data identified with their life, so individual can be
progressively ready to give significant data without having the issue of lacking secrecy.
Examiner ought to organize regard for the poise of examination takes an interest, consequently
this is viable in building up the resolve of individual in offering huge help in fulfilment of the
work. Investigator likewise requires to acquire assent from the members toward the start of the
examination and furthermore give them confirmation with respect to security of their private
information. Any kind of misdirecting information, just as participation of essential information
brings about a one-sided way should be dodged, in this manner Investigator needs to chip away
at fairness premise (Niazkhani and et. al., 2018).
IMPACT OF CHANGE
Considering all the information which has been presented above, it can easily be said that
there are ample number of changes that are required in the overall medication process which has
been given by health Care providers to the patients dealing with lipid abnormalities of chronic
kidney disease (Vera-Aviles and et. al., 2018). One of the primary change that can be made by
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both of the healthcare providers that belongs to United Kingdom and India is to communicate
about all the models and theoretical aspects that they take into consideration while treatment to
the patients dealing with lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease. In present context, one of
the treatment approaches as of now that can be adopted by healthcare providers of India and
United Kingdom m is to ease oxidative pressure and aggravation and in this manner log jam the
movement of CKD. Cell reinforcements possibly a critical medication alternative in CKD
patients later on, however the drawn out impacts and reactions of the medication are yet to be
resolved (Hou and Nast, 2018).
Ongoing examinations for the most part centre on the impacts of nutrient E on CKD patients
as a cancer prevention agent. Along with this, this this change will help in Interminable kidney
brokenness can cause modifications on lipid profile and these progressions generally structure
the premise of cardiovascular entanglements. HDL cholesterol, which is answerable for invert
cholesterol transport, assumes a significant job to diminish the danger of frothy cells and eases
back the development of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessel intimal dividers. In constant
kidney brokenness, HDL cholesterol levels diminishing and brokenness happens because of the
loss of atoms for development of HDL cholesterol. HDL cholesterol inadequacy and brokenness
increment monocyte tally that can frame frothy cells. HDL cholesterol brokenness additionally
causes proinflammatory impacts and has a job in movement of CKD.
REFLECTIVE COMMENTARY
I am glad as I get an opportunity to take a shot at such wide examinations, which are useful
for me in building up my own just as calling abilities to direct an examination on a
predetermined region of study. On account of this current examination work, I have been
thinking about that, there are a great deal of methodological decisions among which it is
significant for me to choose the most suitable hotspot for helping the general work in right way.
With the proper relationship of the examination, I have been picking up information in regards to
the reasonable usage of research techniques, according to my own perception I have been
perceiving that, in this current examination work quantitative investigation is principally applied
as it is appropriate in executing examination in right way by means of the help of social event
information in quantitative methods in which significant spotlight depends on the undeniable
realities and figures. From the examination of the task, I have additionally been perceiving that
17

in this examination work, both essential just as optional sources are applied as these two are
noteworthy in social affair significant and genuine data (Tsai and et. al., 2019).
This investigation is by and by and expertly valuable for me in building up my insight and
vocation situated concerning the picked branch of knowledge. As, with the point by point
examination of this examination, I have been encountering that my capacity of information
assortment has expanded as I have increased legitimate information in regards to the usage of
information assortment apparatuses which are critical for execution on an examination in right
way. According to my own perception I have been perceiving that, in this current examination
work, both essential just as optional devices are applied by the analyst for reasonably finishing of
the work. In any case, essential examination is being executed by means of the help of creating
survey, on which investigation is being led through illustrative factual investigation. On the
opposite side, I have been seen that, auxiliary sources like books, diaries, distributed research
articles, and non distributed articles, past examination and so forth are successful in creating
writing survey, which underpins me in improving my comprehension with respect to the
predetermined examination territory.
This investigation study is effectual for me in building up my aptitudes viewing research as
improved abilities would be steady for me in building up my expert profession in a similar field.
In this manner, graphic information with respect to information assortment would be adequate
for me in directing my future ventures in progressively powerful way, in this manner I will be
fearlessness to execute increasingly legitimate and solid data by means of applying the most
suitable system of research. In the current examination, I have been broke down that, in this
investigation depends on more extensive level, so in this secondary investigating approach is
applied by me not to conduct the investigation in rightful manner.
Strength:
Major strength that I have had, while conducting this investigation on the particular topic
which is my own research skill that I have utilised while conducting the literature review section
and at the time of adopting the best suitable theories in relation to leadership and change
management which is crucial for healthcare providers of both of the countries India and United
Kingdom in order to serve the best medication and the therapies for the cardiovascular diseases.
Weakness:
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On the other decide, one of the major weakness that I have found in my own the time
management. I have considered this as my weakness because in many cases like while
conducting investigation and going through different books and online sources, I have taken a lot
of time which mainly reduced my potential and productivity. This is where, I took help of
lecturers, and colleagues in order to overcome this problem and to pull out the best results
through conducting an investigation on the chosen topic which is compare the medication among
countries like India and United Kingdom for lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease.
CONCLUSION
With the help of above mention report, it is summarised that both of the countries India and
United Kingdom consists of different therapies, tools and techniques, and many more other
perspectives in order to reduce the impact of lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease. It is
pretty much required by both of the countries to keep up the good plan in relation to continuous
improvement in order to serve the best to the patience in much effective and efficient manner.
On the other hand, it can also be said that momentum rules from the National Kidney Foundation
Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative suggest forceful treatment of dyslipidemia. These
rules do, be that as it may, recognize the lack of preliminary information in this patient populace.
There are 3 continuous randomized controlled preliminaries that are surveying the impact of
statin treatment on CVD results. Also, use of supplement for creation of adequate measure of red
platelets in understanding who have experience the iron deficiency because of kidney infection.
It is so on the grounds that human body requires enough iron is produced by platelets
because of which clinical act of blood transfusion happens to improve red platelet wellbeing in
body. In any case, the nutrient D and calcium supplements are give to patients to improving
quality of bones that debilitated because of incessant kidney issue. In addition, the drugs
incorporate antihistamines to remember manifestation of irritated skin and antiemetic that is
useful to defeat with sickness. Including this, it can also be said that proper communication
among health Care department of both of the countries if done in rightful manner then they can
easily share their effective approaches that they have considered while treating lipids
abnormalities when it will help them into take the right decisions considering the different cases
that they go through on daily basis.
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