Statistical Analysis Report: Comparative Economic Analysis of Nations

This report provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of economic data from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, spanning the years 1971 to 2013. The analysis covers key economic indicators including CO2 emissions, energy use, GDP per capita, exports, and imports of goods and services. The report presents descriptive statistics for each country, including mean, standard error, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, kurtosis, skewness, range, minimum, maximum, sum, and count. Comparisons are made in tabular and graphical formats to highlight similarities and differences across the countries. Furthermore, the report includes a correlation and covariance analysis of GDP between Thailand and Singapore, and exports between Indonesia and Malaysia, providing insights into the relationships between these economic variables.

Statistical analysis
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Statistical analysis
SUMMARY STATISTICS
Summary statistics for Indonesia
CO2 emissions
Energy use
GDP per capita
Exports of goods &
services
Imports of goods &
services
Mean 1.07 Mean 570.74 Mean 1850.44 Mean 27.63 Mean 24.17
Std error 0.08 Std error 30.12 Std error 123.77 Std error 0.99 Std error 0.71
Median 1.02 Median 574.34 Median 1865.48 Median 26.31 Median 23.85
Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A
Std dev 0.53 Std dev 197.52 Std dev 811.61 Std dev 6.46 Std dev 4.63
Variance 0.28 Variance
39015.4
4 Variance
658709.8
5 Variance 41.76 Variance 21.42
Kurtosis -0.13 Kurtosis -1.61 Kurtosis -0.88 Kurtosis 4.87 Kurtosis 5.70
Skewness 0.68 Skewness 0.04 Skewness 0.35 Skewness 1.56 Skewness 1.56
Range 2.09 Range 569.63 Range 2883.30 Range 37.93 Range 27.16
Minimum 0.33 Minimum 297.20 Minimum 687.63 Minimum 15.04 Minimum 16.06
Maximu
m 2.42
Maximu
m 866.83
Maximu
m 3570.93 Maximum 52.97 Maximum 43.22
Sum
46.1
3 Sum
24541.6
5 Sum 79569.13 Sum
1188.1
6 Sum 1039.42
Count
43.0
0 Count 43.00 Count 43 Count 43.00 Count 43.00
Table 1
The table above shows the descriptive statistics of carbon emissions, energy use, GDP per capita,
export of goods and services and import of goods and services for Indonesia. Each of the items
includes data that was collected from the year 1971 to 2013. The mean carbon emission for the
period was 1.07 metric tons. The mean energy use in kilograms per capita was 570.74. The mean
GDP per capita was 1850.44 US dollars. To add on, the export of goods and services was
27.63% of GDP while import of goods and services was 24.17% of GDP.
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Statistical analysis
Summary statistics for Malaysia
CO2 emissions
Energy use
GDP per capita
Exports of goods &
services
Imports of goods &
services
Mean 4.21 Mean 1589.73 Mean 5465.59 Mean 77.26 Mean 68.92
Std error 0.34 Std error 120.19 Std error 366.49 Std error 3.91 Std error 3.06
Median 3.92 Median 1566.72 Median 5080.53 Median 75.98 Median 69.68
Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A
Std dev 2.22 Std dev 788.14 Std dev 2403.26 Std dev 25.63 Std dev 20.09
Variance 4.93 Variance
621161.5
9 Variance
5775677.5
4 Variance 656.85 Variance 403.78
Kurtosis -1.48 Kurtosis -1.35 Kurtosis -1.20 Kurtosis -1.29 Kurtosis -1.41
Skewnes
s 0.26
Skewnes
s 0.24
Skewnes
s 0.31
Skewnes
s 0.19
Skewnes
s -0.03
Range 6.54 Range 2499.68 Range 8027.95 Range 85.13 Range 64.62
Minimu
m 1.49
Minimu
m 520.14
Minimu
m 2036.86
Minimu
m 36.18
Minimu
m 35.97
Maximu
m 8.03
Maximu
m 3019.82
Maximu
m 10064.81
Maximu
m 121.31
Maximu
m 100.60
Sum
181.1
9 Sum 68358.59 Sum 235020.23 Sum
3322.0
3 Sum
2963.5
1
Count 43.00 Count 43.00 Count 43.00 Count 43.00 Count 43.00
Table 2
The table above shows the descriptive statistics of carbon emissions, energy use, GDP per capita,
export of goods and services and import of goods and services for Malaysia. Each of the items
includes data that was collected from the year 1971 to 2013. The mean carbon emission for the
period was 4.21 metric tons. The mean energy use in kilograms per capita was 1589.73. The
mean GDP per capita was 5465.59 US dollars. To add on, the export of goods and services was
77.26% of GDP while import of goods and services was 68.92% of GDP.
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Statistical analysis
Summary statistics for Philippines
CO2 emissions
Energy use
GDP per capita
Exports of goods &
services
Imports of goods &
services
Mean 0.79 Mean 455.81 Mean 1651.07 Mean 32.05 Mean 35.80
Std error 0.02 Std error 3.84 Std error 40.44 Std error 1.54 Std error 1.81
Median 0.81 Median 451.78 Median 1573.73 Median 29.13 Median 33.28
Mode
#N/
A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A
Std dev 0.12 Std dev 25.20 Std dev 265.21 Std dev 10.09 Std dev 11.84
Variance 0.01 Variance 634.83 Variance
70337.1
9 Variance 101.72 Variance 140.15
Kurtosis
-
0.19 Kurtosis -0.17 Kurtosis 1.15 Kurtosis -1.15 Kurtosis -1.09
Skewness
-
0.57
Skewnes
s 0.40
Skewnes
s 1.26
Skewnes
s 0.52
Skewnes
s 0.51
Range 0.49 Range 106.65 Range 1134.17 Range 32.04 Range 39.82
Minimum 0.52
Minimu
m 406.49
Minimu
m 1287.61
Minimu
m 19.33
Minimu
m 19.47
Maximu
m 1.01
Maximu
m 513.14
Maximu
m 2421.77
Maximu
m 51.37
Maximu
m 59.29
Sum
34.1
0 Sum
19599.7
4 Sum
70996.0
8 Sum
1378.3
1 Sum
1539.2
0
Count
43.0
0 Count 43.00 Count 43.00 Count 43.00 Count 43.00
Table 3
The table above shows the descriptive statistics of carbon emissions, energy use, GDP per capita,
export of goods and services and import of goods and services for Phillipines. Each of the items
includes data that was collected from the year 1971 to 2013. The mean carbon emission for the
period was 0.79 metric tons. The mean energy use in kilograms per capita was 455.81. The mean
GDP per capita was 1651.07 US dollars. To add on, the export of goods and services was
32.05% of GDP while import of goods and services was 35.8% of GDP.
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Statistical analysis
Summary statistics for Singapore
CO2 emissions
Energy use
GDP per capita
Exports of goods
& services
Imports of goods
& services
Mean 11.66 Mean 3807.4 Mean 25643.4 Mean 176.8 Mean 167.3
Std
error 0.50
Std
error 250.6
Std
error 2002.4
Std
error 4.3
Std
error 3.0
Median 12.17 Median 4257.6 Median 23898.9 Median 177.2 Median 167.1
Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A
Std dev 3.29 Std dev 1643.5 Std dev 13130.5 Std dev 28.1 Std dev 19.6
Varianc
e 10.80
Varianc
e
2700931
.6
Varianc
e
17241037
9.5
Varianc
e 791.8
Varianc
e 385.5
Kurtosis -0.29 Kurtosis -1.2 Kurtosis -1.1 Kurtosis 0.3 Kurtosis 0.2
Skewne
ss 0.01
Skewne
ss 0.1
Skewne
ss 0.3
Skewne
ss -0.3
Skewne
ss 0.2
Range 14.78 Range 6078.2 Range 43307.3 Range 123.5 Range 87.0
Minimu
m 4.34
Minimu
m 1292.2
Minimu
m 7160.5
Minimu
m 106.8
Minimu
m 122.4
Maximu
m 19.12
Maximu
m 7370.4
Maximu
m 50467.8
Maximu
m 230.3
Maximu
m 209.4
Sum
501.4
8 Sum
163718.
7 Sum 1102667.6 Sum
7602.
0 Sum
7194.
9
Count 43.00 Count 43.0 Count 43.0 Count 43.0 Count 43.0
Table 4
The table above shows the descriptive statistics of carbon emissions, energy use, GDP per capita,
export of goods and services and import of goods and services for Singapore. Each of the items
includes data that was collected from the year 1971 to 2013. The mean carbon emission for the
period was 11.66 metric tons. The mean energy use in kilograms per capita was 3807.4. The
mean GDP per capita was 25643.4 US dollars. To add on, the export of goods and services was
176.8% of GDP while import of goods and services was 167.3% of GDP.
Summary statistics for Thailand
CO2 emissions
Energy use
GDP per capita
Exports of goods &
services
Imports of goods &
services
Mean 2.16 Mean 935.68 Mean 2848.40 Mean 41.64 Mean 41.81
Std error 0.21 Std error 77.22 Std error 221.54 Std error 3.04 Std error 2.51
Median 1.90 Median 840.14 Median 2876.62 Median 36.82 Median 41.65
Mode #N/ Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A
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Statistical analysis
A
Std dev 1.38 Std dev 506.36 Std dev 1452.72 Std dev 19.90 Std dev 16.43
Variance 1.92 Variance
256403.8
7 Variance
2110387.
42 Variance 396.16 Variance 270.00
Kurtosis
-
1.47 Kurtosis -1.12 Kurtosis -1.22 Kurtosis -1.62 Kurtosis -1.29
Skewnes
s 0.30
Skewnes
s 0.50
Skewnes
s 0.28
Skewnes
s 0.27
Skewnes
s 0.27
Range 4.04 Range 1627.00 Range 4665.84 Range 55.43 Range 50.64
Minimu
m 0.51
Minimu
m 360.58
Minimu
m 946.85
Minimu
m 15.99
Minimu
m 18.81
Maximu
m 4.54
Maximu
m 1987.58
Maximu
m 5612.69
Maximu
m 71.42
Maximu
m 69.45
Sum
93.0
5 Sum 40234.15 Sum
122481.2
3 Sum
1790.4
5 Sum
1797.7
9
Count
43.0
0 Count 43.00 Count 43.00 Count 43.00 Count 43.00
Table 5
The table above shows the descriptive statistics of carbon emissions, energy use, GDP per capita,
export of goods and services and import of goods and services for Thailand. Each of the items
includes data that was collected from the year 1971 to 2013. The mean carbon emission for the
period was 2.16 metric tons. The mean energy use in kilograms per capita was 935.68. The mean
GDP per capita was 2848.4 US dollars. To add on, the export of goods and services was 41.64%
of GDP while import of goods and services was 41.81% of GDP.
Comparisons in tabular form
Country CO2 Emissions
Energy
use GDP Per capita
Exports of goods &
services
Imports of goods &
services
Indonesia 1.07 570.74 1850.44 27.63 24.17
Malaysia 4.21 1589.73 5465.59 77.26 68.92
Philippine
s 0.79 455.81 1651.07 32.05 35.80
Singapore 11.66 3807.4 25643.4 176.8 167.3
Thailand 2.16 935.68 2848.40 41.64 41.81
Table 6
The table above compares different items for different countries. For example, it can be observed
that Singapore produced the most carbon emission than the rest (11.66 metric tons) while
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Statistical analysis
Philippines produced the least carbon (0.79 metric tons). Malaysia is the second (4.21 metric
tons) and the third is Thailand (2.16 metric tons). The fourth is Indonesia (1.07 metric tons).
When it comes to energy use in kilograms per capita, it can be observed that Malaysia used the
most energy (1589.73 kg per capita) while Philippines used the least energy (455.81 kg per
capita). Malaysia is the second (1589.73 kg per capita) and the third is Thailand (935.68 kg per
capita). The fourth is Indonesia (570.74 kg per capita). The rest of the items are as tabulated
above. A graphical representation of the same was also done to add a visual appeal to the
comparison hence making it easy to interpret.
Graphical comparison
Carbon emissions comparison
Indonesia Malaysia Philipines Singapore Thailand
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1.07
4.21
0.79
11.66
2.16
CO2 Emmissions
Country
CO2 emmissions in metric tons per
capita
Figure 1
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Statistical analysis
Energy use (kg oil per capita)
Indonesia Malaysia Philipines Singapore Thailand
0.00
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
3500.00
4000.00
570.74
1589.73
455.81
3807.41
935.68
Energy use
Country
Kg oil per capita
Figure 2
GDP Per capita (constant 2010 US dollar)
Indonesia Malaysia Philipines Singapore Thailand
0.00
5000.00
10000.00
15000.00
20000.00
25000.00
30000.00
1850.44 5465.59 1651.07
25643.43
2848.40
GDP Per capita
Country
US Dollars
Figure 3
Export of goods and services (% of GDP)
8 | P a g e

Statistical analysis
Indonesia Malaysia Philipines Singapore Thailand
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
200.00
27.63
77.26
32.05
176.79
41.64
Exports of goods & services
Country
% of GDP
Figure 4
Import of goods and services (% of GDP)
Indonesia Malaysia Philipines Singapore Thailand
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
Imports of goods & services
Country
% of GDP
Figure 5
Correlation and covariance of gross capital formation between Thailand and Singapore
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Statistical analysis
Correlations
GDP Thailand GDP
Singapore
GDP Thailand Pearson Correlation 1 .995**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
88636271.75
2
797201187.0
22
Covariance 2110387.423 18980980.64
3
N 43 43
GDP Singapore Pearson Correlation .995** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
797201187.0
22
7241235939.
097
Covariance 18980980.64
3
172410379.5
02
N 43 43
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Table 7
A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to establish whether there was a relationship
between Thailand GDP and Singapore GDP. The results showed that the correlation coefficient
was 0.995. This means that there was a very strong and significant correlation between the GDP
of the two countries. The covariance was 18980980.64
Correlation and covariance for export between Indonesia and Malaysia
Correlations
Export
Indonesia
Export
Malaysia
Export Indonesia Pearson Correlation 1 .684**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
1754.051 4757.794
Covariance 41.763 113.281
N 43 43
Export Malaysia Pearson Correlation .684** 1
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Statistical analysis
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
4757.794 27587.779
Covariance 113.281 656.852
N 43 43
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Table 8
A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to establish whether there was a relationship
between Indonesia and Malaysia export. The results showed that the correlation coefficient was
0.68. This means that there was a very strong and significant correlation in export of goods
between Indonesia and Malaysia. The covariance was 656.85
Correlation and covariance for import between Indonesia and Malaysia
Correlations
Imports
Malaysia
Imports
Indonesia
Imports Malaysia Pearson Correlation 1 .757**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
16958.957 2957.367
Covariance 403.785 70.414
N 43 43
Imports Indonesia Pearson Correlation .757** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
2957.367 899.678
Covariance 70.414 21.421
N 43 43
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Table 9
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Statistical analysis
A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to establish whether there was a relationship
between Indonesia and Malaysia import. The results showed that the correlation coefficient was
0.68. This means that there was a very strong and significant correlation in import of goods
between Indonesia and Malaysia. The covariance was 899.68
Analysis of variance for energy use between countries
Table of results
SUMMARYGroups
Count Sum Average
Varianc
e
Energy use
(Indonesia) 43
24541.6
5 570.736
39015.4
4
Energy use (Malaysia) 43
68358.5
9
1589.73
5
621161.
6
Energy use
(Philippines) 43
19599.7
4
455.807
8
634.827
9
Energy use
(Singapore) 43
163718.
7
3807.41
1
270093
2
Energy use (Thailand) 43
40234.1
5 935.678
256403.
9
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS
df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups
326824513.
7 4
8170612
8
112.911
6
3.38E-
51
2.41464
2
Within Groups 151962187. 210 723629.
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Statistical analysis
1 5
Total
478786700.
8 214
Table 10
An analysis of variance was also conducted to establish whether there was a difference in mean
energy use among the countries. The p-value computed is 0.00. This is less compared to the level
of significant which is 0.05. It can be concluded therefore that there is no significant difference
in the mean energy use among the countries.
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