A Comparative Analysis of the Health Industry in India and Senegal

This report provides a comparative analysis of the health industries in India and Senegal. It examines the key factors influencing healthcare systems in both countries, including demographics, economics, and social determinants. The report delves into the health factors, such as the prevalence of various diseases like tuberculosis, respiratory diseases, and malaria, and highlights the risk factors contributing to these health issues, including behavioral, physiological, and environmental factors. It also explores the differences in healthcare systems, including insurance models and government policies. The report concludes by emphasizing the need for improvements in healthcare practices and government initiatives to address the health challenges faced by both nations. The report is a valuable resource for students studying public and global health, offering insights into the complexities of healthcare in developing countries and the importance of addressing health inequities.

RUNNING HEAD: - HEALTH INDUSTRY 1
Topic Name: - Health Industry
Student Name: -
University Name: -
Professor Name: -
17 January 202

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Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Health Factors in India and Senegal...........................................................................................3
Risk Factors................................................................................................................................5
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................6
References..................................................................................................................................8

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Introduction
Health systems in India and Senegal are developing in every aspect. Each of the country's
health system is different from each other. There are many health problems of the people in
these countries and people are affected by many diseases. There are a number of risk factors
through which the people get affected badly and the treatment procedure is very different in
each country. In India, there is a section of people who have private healthcare facilities
whereas another section doesn’t have any such facility of healthcare. Senegal has different
healthcare facilities, It is divided into state, regional and peripheral. Many people die each
year in their country due to various factors and we have tried to explain these factors for
death and the reasons for the healthcare problem.
So, in this assignment, we have tried to bring out all the possible factors of the health industry
in both the countries and the risk factors of the health in both the countries.
Health Factors in India and Senegal
A country's healthcare system is influenced by several factors such as demographics,
economics, lifestyle, culture, values, and social determinants. Health inequities are prevalent
in many developing countries due to its strong impact on the lifestyle of the people, which
affects the healthcare systems. A person 's monetary income affects their healthcare
accessibility and the government's policy and decision making skills play an important part in
the development of health care systems.
The health systems of every country differ in terms of the government, the target population,
economic development and healthcare management (World Health Organization, 2019).
Countries like Australia, Canada, Kuwait, Brazil, Bahrain, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Singapore,
Spain and a few other countries have a universal government-funded health system.
Countries like Albania, Belgium, Iran, Japan, Czech Republic, France and the United Arab

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Emirates have a universal public insurance system. Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Germany,
Israel, Mexico and Turkey have a universal public-private insurance system. Countries with
universal private health insurance systems include Liechtenstein, Netherlands and
Switzerland, and countries like Egypt, India, Jordan, Indonesia, United States and Ethiopia
have a non-universal insurance system (Who.int, 2019).
The health care system in India is a non-universal insurance system in which a part of the
population has private healthcare insurance, few are eligible for subsidiary public health care
and the others are not provided any healthcare insurance. In India, the state government is
responsible for the provisions of healthcare and not the central government. The primary
duties of the governing body are to raise the standard of nutrition and living, including the
improvement of public health. The parliament of India has endorsed many policies and
legislations for the welfare of the country and one of them was National Health Policy in
1983. It was updated in 2002 and then later in 2017, which mentioned the issue of increasing
non-communicable diseases, planning of strong and efficient healthcare system with a
sustainable expenditure and a rapidly growing economy to enable fiscal capacity. In 2018, a
government-funded project known as Ayushman Bharat was launched for providing health
insurance to the public. The total expenditure by the government was 3.89% for healthcare in
the year 2015 (Patel et al., 2017).
The healthcare system of Senegal is divided into three parts such as central, regional and
peripheral levels. The central level has the ministerial office and the related branches, the
regional level is also known as the regional level because the administrative level follows the
concerns related to healthcare and the peripheral level has districts with one health center and
other smaller centers, so it is known as the health district. The national health system has
regional hospitals, district health centers, and health posts. The rural areas have been
provided health care services known as health centers, health posts and health points the

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chronological order of importance. The common barriers found in this healthcare system are
the lack of awareness, poor communication, decreasing the number of health care workers
and sociopolitical barriers that reduces the efficiency of Senegal's healthcare system (Nagai
et al., 2017).
Risk Factors
In India, it has been observed that tuberculosis, respiratory diseases, malaria, cardiovascular
diseases, diarrheal diseases, malignant and another kind of tumors are some leading diseases.
Respiratory infections, hepatitis A, malaria, typhoid fever are predominant among the people
of Senegal(Seck et al.,2017). Different types of risk factors (such as behavioral,
physiological, demographic, environmental and genetic ) can cause health issues in a
population. Risk factors for tuberculosis in India are infected with HIV, diabetes Mellitus,
low body weight and lack of nutrition. In India, pulmonary or respiratory diseases are caused
by some predominant risk factors such as smoking, occupational exposure to dust and
chemicals, exposure to the poisoned gases and family history related to lung diseases. For
malaria, some risk factors can be selected, such as low utilization of insecticidal treated bed
nets or mosquito nets, indoor residual spray, mosquito repellents in daily lives. Stagnant
water sites are predominantly, lack of maintenance of drainage systems are some
environmental risk factors for malaria as mosquitoes are prone to breed in these sites.
Tobacco smoking, high blood pressure and obesity are some predominant risk factors for
health diseases in Senegal. Women, children and older adults are considered vulnerable
populations in Senegal. The tribal communities are regarded as a vulnerable population with
the above-discussed population in India. 2.74 million cases of tuberculosis are found every
year in India, and this disease is one of the highest-rated illnesses in India (Muttamba et
al.,2019). In 2014, 5-24 cases per 1000 were found in Senegal. COPD is the second highest
cause of death in India, and approximately 1 million patients were affected in 2017 by this

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disease (apps.who.int, 2020). In 2015, the outbreak of Chikungunya wad observed in
Senegal. Ministry of Health and Social Affairs collaborated with WHO to defend the active
circulation of the chikungunya virus.
According to a report, in Senegal approximately on average, 10000 people have died every
year. Due to COPD, 100000 people are been killed among both the sexes and the
standardized age for COPD mortality is 64.7 years. WHO estimated that around 15000 deaths
are observed per year in India and near about 5000 children and 10000 adults. 121 deaths per
1000 in 2005 and 58% drop can be found from 2005 to 2016.
In India, 61% of disease originates from communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional
diseases (Lobato & Mello, 2018). Since 1990, 1.5 to 2.6 million cases are recorded, and 1000
deaths per year. 2.2 million cases of tuberculosis for India, and out of 9.6 million cases in
global incidence 1.6 million people died in Senegal, and 140 cases were recorded out of
every 100000 inhabitants.
Conclusion
After completing the assignment, health problems play an important role in the country.
There is a number of diseases in both India and Senegal. Both countries are developing but
they need to change their health system and try to incorporate new practices. In both the
countries of India and Senegal, there are major risk factors that are causing the death of many
people. Both in India and Senegal, all the people should get health checkups and the
government should take up initiatives for the betterment of their health and the government
should also impose some restriction on the use of smoking and drinking free which is a
bigger risk factor for so much disease in the country. To reduce the risk of health care the
government should give the people for better living and giving basic amenities so that they

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won't have to be infected through any disease. The hospital should also check that every
patient should be equally treated and given the best treatment.

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References
apps.who.int. (2020). GHO IBy country India - statistics summary (2002 - present). Retrieved
11 January 2020, from http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.country.country-lND
Lobato, A. B., & Mello, A. (20 18). 1.3 The Global Burden of Disease. Essentials of Global
Health, 14.
Muttamba, W., Kirenga, B., Ssengooba, W., Sekibira, R., Katamba , A.,& Joloba, M.L.
(2019). Prevalence of Tuberculosis Risk Factors among Bacteriologically Negative
and Bacteriologically Confirmed Tuberculosis Patients from Five Regional Referral
Hospitals in Uganda. The A111erican journal of tropical medicine and hygiene,
100(2), 386-39 1.
Nagai, M., Fujita, N., Diouf, I. S., & Salla, M. (2017). Retention of qualified healthcare
workers in rural Senegal: lessons learned from a qualitative study. Rural & Remote
Health, 17(3).
Patel, V., Parikh, R., Nandraj, S., Balasubramaniam , P., Narayan, K., Paul , V. K., ... &
Reddy, K.
Seek, M. C., Thwing, J., Fall, F. B., Gomis, J . F., Deme, A., Nd Faye, Y. D., ... & Ndiaye, D.
(2017). Malaria prevalence, prevention and treatment-seeking practices among
nomadic pastoralists in northern Senegal. Malaria Journal, 16(1), 413.
S.(2015). Assuring health coverage for all in India. The Lancet, 386(10011), 2422-2435.
Who.int. (2019). WHO I WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS). Retrieved 6

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January 2020, from https://www.who.int/whosis/cn/
World Health Organization.(2019). World Health Statistics 2019: Monitoring health for the
SDGs. Retrieved 6 January 2020, from https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world
health statistics/2019/en/