This report, published in Frontiers in Psychology, investigates the effectiveness of individual coaching, self-coaching, and group training as interventions to reduce procrastination and facilitate goal attainment. The study, conducted with 84 participants, revealed that both individual coaching and group training were effective in reducing procrastination and improving goal attainment, with individual coaching being superior in helping participants achieve their goals, while group training successfully promoted knowledge acquisition. The self-coaching condition proved insufficient for high goal attainment without coach support. Furthermore, mediation analysis demonstrated that a coach's transformational and transactional leadership behaviors influenced participants' perceived autonomy support and intrinsic motivation, leading to positive coaching outcomes. The findings suggest that group training is suitable for systematically preparing employees for specific tasks due to lower costs, while coaching is more appropriate when working conditions or individual development goals are paramount. The research highlights the importance of a coach's leadership behavior in achieving coaching success and provides valuable insights for selecting appropriate human resource development methods.
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