This report provides a comprehensive overview of the ten hallmarks of cancer, which are fundamental characteristics that enable cancer cells to thrive and spread. It details each hallmark, including sustained proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, avoiding immune destruction, enabling replicative immortality, tumor-promoting inflammation, activating invasion and metastasis, inducing angiogenesis, genome instability and mutation, resisting cell death, and deregulating cellular energetics. The report explains how these hallmarks contribute to tumor development, progression, and resistance to treatment. It also explores the underlying molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in each hallmark, such as the roles of growth factors, tumor suppressor proteins, immune cells, angiogenesis, and genetic mutations. The report highlights how cancer cells manipulate these processes to their advantage, leading to uncontrolled growth, metastasis, and evasion of the body's defenses.
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