Comprehensive Report on Climate Change: English for Academic Purposes

This report provides a comprehensive overview of climate change, exploring its various interpretations, causes, and effects. It begins with an introduction defining climate change and its global impact, followed by a main body that delves into the scientific understanding of climate change, distinguishing it from weather and highlighting the role of global warming. The report discusses the perspectives of different scholars and organizations, including the UNFCCC, and examines the debate surrounding human activity as a primary driver. It details the major contributing factors, such as carbon dioxide emissions, and the resulting temperature increases. The report further analyzes the pros and cons of climate change implications, considering impacts on vegetation, human health, polar melting, and the economy. It concludes by emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts and effective measures to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, drawing on various references from books, journals, and online resources. The report is a contribution from a student on Desklib, a platform offering AI-based study tools and resources.

English for Academic
purposes

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Climate change is a topic which has different interpretation by variety of authors. In
simple terms, it refers to major variations in global temperature, precipitation, wind patterns and
other aspects which have been there in the for a long time (Stocker and et. al., 2013). It increases
the global average temperature. It is serious matter which is discussed at United Nations with the
leaders from different countries in order to formulate strategies and policies to control climate
change. It is a common concern which is dealt in an integrated form by variety of nations
(Bulkeley, 2013). This report states the details of climate change along with debates of different
scholars and professional. Furthermore, advantages and disadvantages of its impact on the Earth
has been discussed.
MAIN BODY
Climate change is the transformation in Earth's climate due to the fluctuations in
atmosphere. When the change occurs, it imbalances geologic, chemical, biological and
geographic elements which exist in the system of Earth. There is nothing static in this planet and
the present fluid become dynamic due to which they are always in motion. Climate change is not
the sudden outcome of the current situations going on in different parts of the world. It has a long
record in the history which has affected the lives of human living on Earth (Crate and Nuttall,
eds., 2016).
Many people interchange climate change and weather, which is actually not the same.
Weather is the change which can be observed and felt on day-to-day basis. But, climate refers to
the ordinary weather of a specific place. NASA has defined as the modification in Earth's regular
temperature. Furthermore, climate can take hundreds or even millions of years to change. As per
the data provided by NASA, it has been seen that Earth's temperature is increasing with the time
which is not at all good for the eco-system. Due to this, glaciers and snow have started to melt in
wrong time. Similarly, water level in oceans rose in last few years (Insights of Climate change by
NASA, 2017).
As per the views of Todorov, climate change is a complex issue which has been defined
in different ways in the science of meteorology. There is no specific time period or criteria which
can justify the term climate change. In other words, it does not depend on the level of dryness
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that can be seen in rivers, oceans etc. There are different perceptions of the kinds of authors but
there is one common base for which every individual agrees and that is global warming.
According to Michael Grubb, climate change has its impact on humanity. This has
created a need for the people to incorporate strategies and policies for making reducing the
adverse effect of climate change (Climate change by Michael Grubb, 2019). Also, there should
be initiatives to keep the anthropogenic pressure on the environment within manageable limits.
The author has emphasised on the emission of greenhouse gases which has now become acute.
According to him, greenhouse gases are affecting the nature in which people are living. There
should be initiatives taken for curbing this situation (Hansen, Sato and Ruedy, 2012).
A similar definition has been provided by UNFCCC, climate change is the contribution
of activities done by people living in Earth. This affect the compositions which are present in this
planet. Furthermore, it is the change which can be observed over a time period. On decoding this
definition, the focus has been given on consumption of resources in an excessive manner by
creating imbalance in different systems of the Earth (Poloczanska and et. al., 2013).
The another set of professional involved in forming Framework Convention on Climate
Change (FCCC), have stated that climate change is a real thing which has direct nexus with
energy. The main focus is to improve lifestyles of human beings and betterment of ecosystems
for reducing effects of climate. According to FCCC, human activity is the reason for climate
change which requires effective policies. However, another reason for the same could be natural
vulnerabilities for occurred by any reason. It has developed a framework by considering Kyoto
protocol which is for the mitigation of green house gases (Christensen and et. al., 2013).
The main debate in this topic is that there are scientists along with the organisations
working towards this topic as well as the government consider that climate change is real and
human activity is the reason for this. But the other group of individuals are of the opinion that,
change in the way people do every act is because of the modifications that are there in the
climate of Earth and temperature. Therefore, a direct nexus cannot be formed in a specific
weather and climate. Also, there are economist who have the perception that mitigating the
emission of fossil may lead to positive results (Bulkeley and Newell, 2015). This can be
beneficial in saving a lot of money which would otherwise pile up the amount of investment in
protecting the nature through various technologies.
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There are many other underlying factors which have been contributing to climate change
but the prime reasons for the same carbon dioxide. This can be caused due to agriculture and
deforestation together with proliferation of greenhouse gases. It has made the temperature rise up
to the extent of 1.4 degree F. Furthermore, scientists are working to find fruitful solutions for
controlling the effects of climate change. Also, the data gathered disclosed that the temperature
rise is likely to be at the rate of 11.5 degree F. in winters, the drop in the temperature has been
recorded very low which is about 4 degree F (Urry, 2015).
there are variety of pros and cons of implications of climate change on Earth which
should be understood before proceeding with any strategies or policies. These should be
reviewed critically for analysing the adverse impact as well as the positive one, which are
actually very limited.
The data extracted by the scientists present that activities of vegetation in northern
latitudes, forest growth, number of plants which are available only at specific locations etc. have
increased with the time. Furthermore, with the greater emission of CO2, plant growth have
doubled in last few years which has contributed to higher agriculture. However, there is equal
need of water on a continuous basis which is hindered because of this in the form of droughts,
etc. Furthermore, wildfires have becomes common due to global warming due to which livestock
and other wild animals are suffering (Pros and Cons of Climate Change, 2019).
In the context of healthy, with the occurrence of climate change, considerable change in
the temperature can be seen. This can cause winters warmer which leads to fewer deaths. People
belonging to the category of senior citizens can live long due to this. On the other hand,
heatwaves can also be felt at higher temperature than it usual one. Therefore, individuals who are
allergic or have lower tendency to tolerate heat, may die in summers. The ratio of death in
summer is estimated to be five times more than the number of deaths in winters (Taylor, and et.
Al., 2013).
The pros and cons with respect to polar melting have been analysed, which present that
rapid melting of ice can provide greater benefits for the businesses as they can conduct the
operations in a better way. This is fruitful in making profit from a place like Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans. Whereas, polar bear are becoming extinct because of imbalance in the temperature that
is causing ice to melt. Also, the reflection of heat which is known as albedo has created adverse
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effect on accelerating the melting of glaciers. This is likely to raise the current sea-level
(Wheeler and Von Braun, 2013).
On considering economic element, climate change has catastrophic impact on all the
projects and investments going on in a particular economy. This is provided desirable outcomes
for the economic growth. There were many benefits gained by those markets and economy such
as Atlantic where the organisations have to stop conducting business for a long time period. On
the contrary, the adverse impact on the environment increases the costs which are used in making
arrangements for preventing them. Climate change have the impact on the market which create
higher volatility which prevent investors from investing their funds (Hirabayashi and et. Al.,
2013).
CONCLUSION
Therefore, it can be said that climate change is a major issue which should be take care of
through combined efforts of all the countries. Working in collaborative manner can help in
finding solutions by which its effect can be reduced. Furthermore, there are various initiatives
which can be taken by the leaders of the world who participate in the conventions and meetings
held so as to discuss this matter. Furthermore, there are various advantages as well as
disadvantages which should be considered analysing the current situation of the planet in order to
improve the lifestyles of people living in Earth. The opinions of authors may be varied, but the
underlying element contributing to the increase in climate change is human activity as well
natural vulnerabilities. Also, there should be effective measures to be taken which can help to
reduce the costs that are involved in preparing control strategies.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals:
Stocker, T.F.,and et. al., 2013. Climate change 2013: The physical science basis.
Bulkeley, H., 2013. Cities and climate change. Routledge.
Crate, S.A. and Nuttall, M. eds., 2016. Anthropology and climate change: from encounters to
actions. Routledge.
Hansen, J., Sato, M. and Ruedy, R., 2012. Perception of climate change. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences. 109(37). pp.E2415-E2423.
Christensen, J.H., and et. al., 2013. Climate phenomena and their relevance for future regional
climate change.
Urry, J., 2015. Climate change and society. In Why the social sciences matter (pp. 45-59).
Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Taylor, R.G., and et. Al., 2013. Ground water and climate change. Nature climate change. 3(4).
pp.322-329.
Hirabayashi, Y., and et. Al., 2013. Global flood risk under climate change. Nature Climate
Change. 3(9). p.816.
Wheeler, T. and Von Braun, J., 2013. Climate change impacts on global food security. Science.
341(6145). pp.508-513.
Bulkeley, H. and Newell, P., 2015. Governing climate change. Routledge.
Poloczanska, E.S.,and et. al., 2013. Global imprint of climate change on marine life. Nature
Climate Change. 3(10). p.919.
Online:
Climate change by Michael Grubb. 2019. [Online]. Available through
:<https://academic.oup.com/ia/article-abstract/71/3/463/2545128>.
Insights of Climate change by NASA. 2017. [Online]. Available through
:<https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-climate-
change-k4.html>.
Pros and Cons of Climate Change. 2019. [Online]. Available through
:<https://skepticalscience.com/global-warming-positives-negatives.htm>.
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