Unit 37: Computer System Architecture and Boolean Logic Operations

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Unit 37: Architecture
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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................5
LO1..................................................................................................................................................6
P1. Investigate the key computer system components and how they interact.............................6
P2. Show how the different types of memory can be attached to a processor..........................13
LO2................................................................................................................................................16
P3. Investigate, using examples, how different types of data can be converted and stored in
computer systems.......................................................................................................................16
P4. Carry out Boolean logic operations.....................................................................................22
LO3................................................................................................................................................26
P5. Illustrate the use of the different processor registers in the fetch-execute cycle.................26
P6. Illustrate, with an example, how polling and interrupts are used to allow communication
between processor and peripherals............................................................................................31
LO4................................................................................................................................................36
P7. State the function of DirectX API, describing its advantages and disadvantages...............36
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................37
References......................................................................................................................................38

List of Figures
Figure 1: Von Neumann architecture..............................................................................................4
Figure 2: Mouse...............................................................................................................................4
Figure 3: Keyboard..........................................................................................................................5
Figure 4: Pen drive...........................................................................................................................5
Figure 5: Scanner.............................................................................................................................5
Figure 6: Microphone......................................................................................................................5
Figure 7: Webcam............................................................................................................................6
Figure 8: Monitor.............................................................................................................................6
Figure 9: Printer...............................................................................................................................6
Figure 10: projector.........................................................................................................................7
Figure 11: CPU Parts.......................................................................................................................7
Figure 12: conversion of data........................................................................................................10
Figure 13: ASCII method..............................................................................................................11
Figure 14: Image creation..............................................................................................................11
Figure 15: sound wave...................................................................................................................12
Figure 16: conversation table.........................................................................................................12
Figure 17: Graph............................................................................................................................13
Figure 18: Digital video.................................................................................................................13
Figure 19: Note gate......................................................................................................................14
Figure 20: AND gate.....................................................................................................................15
Figure 21: OR gate.........................................................................................................................15
Figure 22: mix logic gate...............................................................................................................16
Figure 23: Slide 1...........................................................................................................................17
Figure 24: Slide 2...........................................................................................................................18
Figure 25: Slide 3...........................................................................................................................19
Figure 26: Slide 4...........................................................................................................................20
Figure 27: Slide 5...........................................................................................................................21
Figure 28: Slide 1...........................................................................................................................22
Figure 29: Slide 2...........................................................................................................................22

Figure 30: Slide 3...........................................................................................................................23
Figure 31: Slide 4...........................................................................................................................24
Figure 32: Slide 5...........................................................................................................................24
List of Tables
Table 1: Types of register................................................................................................................9
Table 2: ASCII Table.....................................................................................................................11
Table 3: Binary table of color........................................................................................................13
Table 4: Truth table.......................................................................................................................16
Table 5: Truth table.......................................................................................................................16
Table 6: Truth table......................................................................................................................17
Table 7: Truth table.......................................................................................................................18

Introduction
The aim of this assignment is providing the knowledge regarding the functionality, organization
of the computer system. The principle of the system architecture and the computing machine we
are going to examine and we also will get the knowledge that how the computer system used to
work and what isthe principle behind it. The computer architecture engineers generally work in
the field of aerospace, automotive and telecoms. So, for that, we have knowledge regarding the
concept of the computer system design and their principle.

LO1.
P1. Investigate the key computer system components and how they interact.
Figure 1: Von Neumann architecture
Above shown figure is called the Von Neumann architecture and this is called as Von Neumann
because it is designed by the John Von Neumann. It is nothing but a theoretical design that used
to describe the foundation of modern computers (computerscience.gcse.guru). The design
consists of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), control unit, a Memory unit, inputs& output,
and registers. Below one by one each part is explained:
a. Input devices: In the computer input devices is the hardware equipment that is used for
sending data, control signals and information to the computers (THAKUR). Some of the
input devices are like :

Figure 2: Mouse
Figure 3: Keyboard
Figure 4: Pen drive

Figure 5: Scanner
Figure 6: Microphone
Figure 7: Webcam
b. Output devices: It is a peripheral device that is used to receive the data from the computer
and they also used for physical reproduction, projection,anddisplay. The output devices
are shown below:

Figure 8: Monitor
Figure 9: Printer
Figure 10: projector
c. Central Processing Unit: The CPU is also called the brain of the computerand all the
data processing operations are done by the CPU. It used to store the data, instruction and
used to intermediate the data. It is used to controls all the operations of the computer
parts. The CPU divided into three parts ALU, control unit and memory and these partsare
explained below one by one.

Figure 11: CPU Parts
d. Memory Unit: It is used to store the instruction intermediate results and data. It is used
to transfer the data or information to the other parts of the computer when they needed.
This memory is also called the Random-Access Memory and it is also called the
temporary memory (computerhope, 2019). There are two types of memory used in the
computer they are called as volatile and non- volatile memory the example of volatile
memory is RAM. The volatile memory gets lost when the electrical supply gets stopped
to the computer that why it is called the temporary memory. And the example of non-
volatile memory is Hard Disk Drive (HDD). This memory does not require electricity
because when the computer does get the electricity the data stored in this memory does
not get lost it used to remains in the memory.
e. Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU): The ALU is the fundamental building block of
CPU of the computer. All the logical operation of the computer is performed by the ALU.
The ALU used to load the data from the inputs registers. The registers are nothing but a
storage device which used to store a small amount of data and is situated in the CPU part.
The CPU used to tell the ALU that what type of operation need to do on the provided
data & ALU generally used to store results into the output register.
f. Control Units: As the name suggest it used to do control operation but it does not use to
do any actual data processing operations (geeksforgeeks). It is used to control the transfer
of data & instruction to the other units of the computer. It is used for managing and
coordinating among all the units of the computer. It does not use to store the data and it is
also used to communicate with the input and output devices.

g. Register: The register is used to store the data, instruction,and address and it has small
spaces for storing the data. This registered used to fetch the instructions that are from the
program counter and it is used to holds the instruction as it could be executed by the
processors.

Figure 12: Poster