Computer Systems Development: Analysis and Maintenance Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of computer systems, focusing on their functions, design methodologies, configuration, and maintenance. The report begins with an executive summary and table of contents, setting the stage for an in-depth exploration of computer components, their roles in social and work environments, and factors determining computer performance. It delves into the design of computer systems, detailing the stages involved in creating specifications for recommender systems, and evaluating hardware and software components. The report then covers the building and configuration of computer systems, including the assembly process and operating system installation. Finally, it addresses routine maintenance, covering backup strategies, defragmentation, and software/hardware update considerations. The report references relevant literature and provides figures to illustrate key concepts, offering a well-structured and informative resource for students studying computer systems development.

Running head: PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROCESSES AND LIFE CYCLE
Computer System Development
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author Note

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Executive summary
The report makes an investigation of different types of computer components. This is useful to
install and assemble various parts. Here different kinds of functions of computers and their designing
methodologies are analyzed. Further, processes to configure and develop computer system
configurations are discussed. It has also demonstrated different kinds of routine maintenances
needed for the given company.

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Table of Contents
Introduction:..........................................................................................................................................4
1. Task 1: Understanding functions of computer systems:....................................................................4
1.1. Impact of computer systems in social and work and their roles in various environments:........4
1.2. Discussion on main hardware components:...............................................................................5
1.2.1. Factors determining computer performances:.....................................................................5
1.2.2. Purpose of some system utilities:........................................................................................7
1.3. Comparison of various computer systems and their suitability:.................................................7
2. Task 2: Designing computer systems:...............................................................................................8
2.1. Different stages to arrive at the final specifications of recommender systems:.........................8
2.2. Justification and evaluation of hardware and software components for meeting the
requirements:...................................................................................................................................10
Task 3: Building and configuring computer systems:.........................................................................13
3.1. Tasks during LAB session:.......................................................................................................13
3.1.1. Processes of assembling a typical computer:.....................................................................13
3.1.2. A process by which operating system can be installed:....................................................15
3.2. Test report to show processes for verifying installation:..........................................................16
Task 4: Undertaking routine maintenance over computer systems:....................................................18
4.1. Essential routines to be done:...................................................................................................18
4.1.1. Different backups and justification of choices of backup strategies:................................18

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4.1.2. Defragmentation tools and scheduling defragmentation tools to be executed automatically
by operating systems:......................................................................................................................21
4.2.2. Things to be considered before updating software and hardware:........................................22
Conclusion:..........................................................................................................................................24
References:..........................................................................................................................................25

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Introduction:
The analysis and evaluations on various computer components are helpful to assemble and
install the parts under client premises. In the following activity, 40 machines are intended to collect,
configure and analyze having specific hardware and software components.
The hardware sections comprise of 30 PCs and a couple of printers. For software parts Adobe
Premiere Pro CC, Corel VideoStudio Ultimate X10 and Magix Movie Edit Pro 2016 Premium is
chosen.
The reports analyze various functions of computer systems and discuss the ways to design
computer systems. Next, different methods of creation and configuration of computer systems are
demonstrated and routine maintenance of undertaken over computer systems of the provider
company.
1. Task 1: Understanding functions of computer systems:
1.1. Impact of computer systems in social and work and their roles in various environments:
Computer technology has made communications possible from one part of the world to other.
They are utilized in many areas along with teaching and learning. The computers are used as
management tools for resolving business issues (Card 2017).
Computing systems in social sector:
Information can be recorded at various levels and at different places through remote sensors
that are carried on by satellite. It helps with controlling traffic lights and controls the rise in some

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calls very effectively. Again, they are broadly used in hospitals like controlling drugs, surgical types
of equipment and linens and checking up and treatment of diseases.
Computing systems in working sector:
Branches of different banks are equipped with terminals providing online accounting
facilities and enable with information like interest changes, overdrafts, deposits and current balances.
Productions are controlled, coordinated and planned in industries with the help of computers.
Moreover, they help in measuring every section of suggested designed that are satisfactory and assist
in designing.
1.2. Discussion on main hardware components:
1.2.1. Factors determining computer performances:
The performances of computers depend on its various hardware components. This includes
its various input devices, storage devices and storage devices. Besides, Central Processing Unit or
CPU is an important part that helps in performing arithmetic, logical and computing operations
(Courtois 2014). Apart from this performance of different physical parts like motherboard, sound
card, graphic card determines how the system might work.

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Figure 1: “Factors that determine the performance of a computer”
(Source: Siewiorek and Swarz 2017, pp. 272-277)

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1.2.2. Purpose of some system utilities:
This is illustrated through the following diagram:
Figure 2: “Applications of some utility tools”
(Source: Friedman and Kahn Jr 2017).
1.3. Comparison of various computer systems and their suitability:
Different types of
computer systems
Its uniqueness from others Suitability of usage
Mainframe
Computer
It comprises of very effective
processors, sufficient storage of
battery, huge internal memory
This is usable in mail-order and banks
and organizations like universities.
Desktop
Computer
This is the most common type and
comprises of various hardware
Its design has made it static and cannot
be moved easily.

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devices
Notebook and
laptop computers
This is light and can be carried out
easily
It is usable as it is commonly prepared
places where this has been impracticable
to use any mouse.
Palmtop
Computer or
Personal Digital
Assistant (PDA)
This very small can be easily fit to
the pocket and conveying with
mobile phones
This comprises of wireless
communications to access the local area
of network.
2. Task 2: Designing computer systems:
2.1. Different stages to arrive at the final specifications of recommender systems:
The first one is projecting specification that comprises if bodies of information guiding
project developers, engineers and designers by creating software. Next, the software requirement
specification document has been demonstrating how the stages are needed to be done. Here the all
possible errors can be listed out in particular form with error messages that are required to be
displayed. These specifications have been describing various steps of functional interactions that
must be followed by users. Requirement documents have been stating that software should be
handling error states effectively and reasonably (Organick 2014). This provides explicit feedbacks to
users. These specifications show the ways to meet the requirements. Specifications take various
forms. They are a straightforward listing of different functional attributes. Besides, they are also
schematics and diagrams of flow logic and functional relationships and occupying middle grounds.
The software requirement specifications are also in the form of models, mockups and prototypes.
The project specifications are vital to finding out the product quality. Here the functional

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relationships and rules deliver a test point. The disparity between a program and its specs indicates
errors in programs. This takes place as the software requirement specification is present and is
correct (Dhillon 2016).
Figure 3: “Evolution of recommender system”
(Source: Organick 2014)
ItemhierarchyCollaborativefiltering(User-usesimilarity)Socialandinterest,graphbased

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2.2. Justification and evaluation of hardware and software components for meeting the
requirements:
The various kinds of hardware and software specifications are illustrated below.
To justify and analyze the hardware components various factors are to be considered.
First of all, it must be determined who should be using the computer and how often it must
be used.
CPU:Intel®Core™i7-6800KProcessor(15MCache,upto3.60GHz)GraphicsCard:MSIGTX10502GOCMotherboard:ASUSROGSTRIXZ270FRAM:32GBDDR4PowerSupply:EVGAG2750WOperatingSystem:Windows10Printer–Laserjetprinter

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The hardware factors:
Storage space in desktops:
It must be found out whether there has been sufficient space for conventional desktops.
Printers:
Then single function or multi-function printers having colors are needed to be determined.
Next, the ways to connect to printers and access to Wi-Fi network is to be determined (Eastman
2018). After this, the different levels of outputs and are needed are to be determined, and the
frequency of printing is required to be resolved.
Area to be accessed:
Besides, the area where data is to be accessed like remotely and locally is to be found out and
whether it is accessible during any disaster is to be found out. Lastly, whether the cloud storage is
determined as an additional backup source is to be determined (Turk, Resman and Herakovič 2018).
These requirement specifications of original products require to be considered explicitly.
This describes how the products work entirely from user or customer perspectives. They must care
less regarding implementations. These specifications have been explaining what the website or
software must do through defining functions and logic of higher levels (Black, Brady and Goulski
2017). As the user requirements are written down for requestors and not different end-users, they are
assimilated with specifications of software requirements.

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Software factors:
Functional specifications:
The functional specifications have been demonstrating various needed functions at the level
of implementations. Here, those specifications have been created to build systems that are exclusive
of GUI.
Designing websites:
Here concerning websites, the unit is the designing of particular pages and category of pages
and the software specifications details different functional elements of pages and page types. For
instance, designing a page needs various functions (Al-Hanjori, Shaath and Naser 2017). However,
there are nit GUI issues as much as they are regarded as functionality issues. Any component is the
set of page states or nearly related forms of pages. Here the parts have been including submission
page and acknowledgement page.
Designing user interfaces:
Hence the specifications of software requirements have been regarded as the implications of
designing of a user interface. However, the effects have been raised typically by formal design
specification and a prototype (Malmsköld, Örtengren and Svensson 2015).
Further, the budget should be clarified to assure that one never spent, set the budget of the
company and permit additional expenses. This must include other software, accessories, training,
and support and extend warranties. Moreover, they must consider whether they can use the system
out-of-the-box as it needs customizations (Richey and Klein 2014). Then various recurring
maintenance costs and the ways to assure hardware purchase against theft or damage is to be
determined.

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Task 3: Building and configuring computer systems:
3.1. Tasks during LAB session:
3.1.1. Processes of assembling a typical computer:
Preparing motherboard:
Here, position of jumpers for setting of CPU speed, multiplier of speed and input voltage is
needed to be determined.
Replacing processor:
The processors are easily installed prior the motherboard occupies the casing.
Installing heatsinks:
This removes the heat generated by processors through conducting of heat from processor
heat sink for optimizing heat transfer.
Replacing memory modules:
These are installed sequentially from smallest socket number.
Replacing motherboard on casing:
The motherborad is installed to casing through screw and holder or standoffs.
Installing power supply:
Here various kinds of chases are equipped with efficient power supply.
Replacing motherboard and casing cable:

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As the motherboard gets installed in the chasis the following step is to install the cable input
or output ob motherboard and panel with chasis.
Installing drive:
Here various hard drives, CD ROM, DVD, CD-RW or floppies are installed.
Installing adapter card:
The common adapter card installed for SCSI adapters, modem, sound networks and video
cards (Zareiforoush et al. 2016).
Figure 4: “Steps to assemble the given PC”
(Source: Siewiorek and Swarz, 2017)

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3.1.2. A process by which operating system can be installed:
During the preparation of installations, the setup programs should be asking for data
regarding how to install and then configure the Windows. This must be done by gathering data about
hardware and then establishing decisions about setting to initiate the process. To install operating
systems over computers, the software has been coming over DCD and CDs. Here one needs to
configure computers to boot the drive. The sequence of booting is changed by accessing BIOS and
then setting the drives to initial booting services (Freiberger 2014).
The PCS used in the current project helps to access boot sequences at computer startup
directly. This is instead of entering BIOS, by pressing a particular key on a keyboard. As the
operating systems have been coming on USB flash drives, one requires configuring the PCs for
booting USB devices at the initial boot service. As these PCs are set for booting suitable devices, the
PCs must load operating system installation programs and guide through the installation process.
Some fundamental questions can be asked for setting the initial settings such as time and date, user
account name and need to enable automatic operating system upgrades (Książek et al. 2015). As a
newer version of the operating system is present already in computers, the process of installation
asks to update the new operating systems. As one needs to install operating systems as upgrades, one
must go for options to erase present operating systems and install the newer ones as fresh.
To run the operating system, after the installation of an operating system, the computers must
load to the operating system. Then installing operating software programs must be done to
computers and update settings that are needed. The ultimate and an important task have been to get
the Windows upgraded (Baecker 2014). The programmer already has the notification from Windows
Update at this very point. All the updates provided must be installed, and the computer should be
rebooted. Then the updates must be checked, and this task is to be repeatedly performed.

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3.2. Test report to show processes for verifying installation:
As the system is verified, it is tested here thoroughly. This is to assure that all the
components of the system are active according to particular requirements. This should be operating
as this has been including as wrong functions are requested, or any wrong data gets introduced. The
testing measures have been consisting of developing a various set of test criteria. This has been for
the complete system and special software, hardware and communication elements. Here, for a
sensitive and important system like an electronic voting system, a structured system program, testing
is established. This is to assure that every aspect of the system is tested thoroughly.
The following measures are included in the following:
 The functional tests are to be tested. This has helped in determined the meeting criteria for
test criteria. The qualitative analysis is to determine whether the test criteria are met. The tests are conducted in laboratory conditions. This is done in real life conditions. Tests are conducted over a broad period. This is to assure the systems are performed
continuously. Load tests are conducted. This has simulated likely possible situations using and exceeding
the quantity of data handled in a real case.

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Test results:
The above test results in the report are applicable exclusively to tested sample or model. Despite any
written approval of the organization, the report might never be reproduced fully.
Non-operatingtestsareapplied.Thishasassuredthatequipmenthasstood-uptoexpectedlevelsofphysicalhandling.The“hard-wired”codeistestedinfirmwareorhardware.Thishasbeenensuringthelogicalcorrectnessandproperstandardstofollow.TestmeasuresforhardwareTestingeveryprogramhasassuredthelogicalcorrectnessandproperdesign,developmentsandimplementingstandardsthatarefollowed.Loadtestsareconducted.Thishassimulatedvariouspossiblevarietiesofreal-lifesituations.Besides,ithasexceededthequantityofdataexpectedintheactualcondition.VerifyingthedataintegritygetsmaintainedaroundtheneededmanipulationTestmeasuresforcomponents--------------------
(Reviewed by Supervisor)
-----------------------
(Approved by Manager)

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Task 4: Undertaking routine maintenance over computer systems:
4.1. Essential routines to be done:
4.1.1. Different backups and justification of choices of backup strategies:
The different kinds of backup strategies are discussed hereafter.
Full backups:
It is the beginning of every backup for every background. It has been containing all kinds of
data within files and folders selected to be backed up. It stores every files and folders, resulting in
simpler, quicker restoring of operations.
Incremental backup:
Here files are copied that have been altering due to prior backups. Here, for instance as the
full backup is done on the first day, the second day’s incremental would backup every files from the
first day’s backup.
Differential backups:
This is a kind of backup copying every data that has been changing from the previous full-
backup. For instance, the full backup on the first day, the second day’s backup backs up every file
that is changed or added from the second day’s backup.
Synthetic full backup:

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This is identical to regular complete full-backups as per data. However, this is created as the
data is collected from prior, previous complete backup and then assembled with subsequent
incremental backups.
Incremental-forever backup:
As the ongoing sequence of incremental backup takes place, the incremental-forever solution
has been providing various advantages. It has been decreasing the quantity of data going around the
network. It has also been reducing data growth due to incremental backups containing blocks that are
changed from the prior backups.
Diskfragmentation:Diskdefragmenterhelpsinpackingupdataforfacilitatingfastaccessibility.Besides,thediskcleanuphasbeenperformingremovingandscanningofeveryredundanttemporaryfile.TheScanDiskhasbeenhelpfultorepairandthenrecoverthelostdata.

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Figure 5: “Illustration of some defragmentation tools”
(Source: Gómez-Sanchis et al. 2014, page number: pp.1047-1056)
For example, some of the defragmentation tools are discussed hereafter. The first one is
Defraggler. This helps in allowing dragging the complete drive. The nest one is Auslogics Disk
Defrag. This is a compact and very fast defragmentation tool supplied with advanced disk (Chu
2014) . Besides, PerfectDisk Pro can also be utilized here. This provides various elements ensuring
that the hard-disks stay optimized and stable.
Steps to schedule defragmentation tool to be executed by operating system.
Figure 6: “Scheduling tasks to run Disk Defragmenter automatically”
(Source: Chen and Jin 2015)
OpeningControlPanel,anddouble-clickScheduledTasksDouble-clickingAddScheduledTaskandclick"Next".ClickingBrowseandselectdefrag.exeUsingwizardtosetschedule,andensuretosupplypasswordforthegivenaccounttoruncommand.Addingthedriveletter,ontherunline,forthedrivestobedefragged

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4.1.2. Defragmentation tools and scheduling defragmentation tools to be executed
automatically by operating systems:
For the current project, some of real and effective defragments that are used are discussed
hereafter.
The first one is Diskeeper defragmenter. This is introduced to Windows and having various
features like no screensaver, no parallels defragmentation and no schedule. The next one is DO&O
Defrag that provides a vital defragmenter. The SysInternals PageDefrags is a useful tool for
performing boot-time defragmentation of particular kind of files (Leverhulme 2017). This includes
registry hive files and page files. Here the files have typically been locked regarding exclusive usage
of an operating system. Thus this is inaccessible to various common tools of defragmentation.
Here, the primary aim of defragmentation tools has been to decrease file system
fragmentation. As per as the schedule is considered, there might not be sufficient space for storing
the file under a single contiguous block of areas. This file is stored in various nonadjacent blocks
over the disk. The fragmented files have been no longer taking to read as they are compared to
different unregimented ones. This is because the extra disk head was repositioning every
nonadjacent block (Ataer-Cansizoglu et al. 2015). However, the performance has been suffering
because head positioning has been slowest as compared to various possible drive operations.
Further, the tool of defragmentation has been relocating files for occupying contiguous blocks. The
defrag procedure has been safe. This happens as there is no current damage to the disk. This has
been worthwhile to run chkdsk or same type of dick checkers to assuring that no harm is done on the
amount before starting defragmentation (Bornholt, Mytkowicz and McKinley 2015). Further, these
tools are designed in such a way any failure in power as defragmentation takes place can run and
never lead to corrupted data or the damage in well contained at least.

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4.2.2. Things to be considered before updating software and hardware:
Computer hardware:
First of all the space area of RAM is to be increased. This must be particularly as it slows
down while running various programs at a glance. Next, the hard drive or internal components are to
be considered. They are to be upgraded to bigger hard drives having more storage capacities. Here,
for slow computers, the updating must be quicker for spinning hard drives that must develop the
entire performance (Drozd et al. 2014). Further, an SSD or Solid State Drive can be considered that
never turns. This is notably faster and has been having some dynamic components that can fail.
Next, the external hard drives are to be found. As the current drive has been performing well enough,
the external drives can be added. As this has been replacing the hard drives, this needs the
transferring of existing files and then reinstallation of Operating System. Here the external drive is
the solution to storage-only issues (Jacobsson, Boldt and Carlsson 2016).
Computer software:
As per as the software is considered, the latest updates should be installed for the application
software and operating system. This is helpful to assure that the most recent features are available,
particularly for data security. Moreover, they have possessed the most stable version software that
has been raising the performance of the system. They must not have any older software that is no
longer supported and has been scheduled to be discontinued (Fu 2018).

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Figure 7: “Computing System Development”
(Source: Turk, Resman and Herakovič 2018, page no: 813-818)
ProjectcomemmencementSystemAnalysisDesignPlanandbudgetBuildTestReleaseSystemAnalysisDesignPlanandbudgetBuildTest...........Projectcompletion

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Conclusion:
The above study helps in understanding the different functions of computer systems. It is
helpful to develop computer systems and create and configure the systems. Moreover, it helps in
undertaking regular maintenance over computer systems. The application is mostly applicable to
people who have been intending to relate the technical knowledge to a wide range of business issues.
Moreover, the discussion has a focus on the commercial application of technology and is helpful to
assimilate the technical and business areas. For this particular emphasis is made over the deployment
of software and hardware products and packages to the solution of business problems. Above all, in
product development, it is vital to know the difference between baseline functionality necessity for
systems and complete product domains along with features making systems distinct from
competitor’s products. The strategy of the current company has significant implications for software
and hardware architectures. However, it must be reminded that this is not only software
specifications of initial release which is supported in construction.

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