Inter-Networking: Functional Requirements, Design, and Protocols

This report offers a comprehensive overview of inter-networking, encompassing its scope, functional and non-functional requirements, and design considerations. It delves into the significance of inter-networking in today's technology-driven world, highlighting career opportunities and the importance of effective communication and resource sharing. The report explores various design approaches, including top-down and bottom-up methodologies, and provides a detailed analysis of Internet Protocol (IP) requirements, including CIDR, subnetting, and IP address allocation. Furthermore, it covers network topologies, switch, router, and DHCP configurations, providing a complete understanding of the essential components of inter-networking. The document concludes with a discussion of the report's findings, reinforcing the importance of networking protocols and configurations for efficient data transmission across multiple client systems, and includes a list of references for further study.

OVERVIEWING OF INTER-
NETWORKING

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1
1.Scope of inter-networking........................................................................................................1
2.functional and non-functional requirements (NFR) of inter-networking.................................1
3. Design of networking based on the human concepts..............................................................2
4. Requirements of internet protocols (IP) and its justification in a tabular form....................2
5. Topology diagram of networking including Switch configuration, Router
configuration,DHCP configuration.............................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Networking is a process which connects different computers using the shortest router or
gateway devices. It is mainly concerned with exchange of data and information over several
systems. This report will contain some information about scope of inter-networking. It will also
focus on some functional and non-functional network analysis requirements and plans.
Furthermore, it will describe about protocols and topologies which are used to inter-connect
several networking devices. The study will also determine the management of different
configuration settings required for establishing powerful connections.
1.Scope of inter-networking
Computer networking is considered as huge connections which allows interconnection
between disparate types of computers with a purpose of sharing data and information. With this
increasing use of technology in modern world is expanding in its growth day by day. In the near
future, networking will be determined as better opportunities in sharing large amount of data and
resources at multiple stations. Cloud-technology and networking ensures the functioning of large
technological businesses. This field consists of bigger career advancement opportunities as all
the big industries are growing faster and effectively operating their activities because they are
using inter-networking connection across the world [1].
It has a wide scope in future such chances are enumerated below:
 Career and growth in the field of technology.
 Effective communications and resource sharing. It also helps in improving information
about wireless technology.
 It ensures the proper knowledge of internet protocols and its standards.
 Enhancement of technical and interpersonal skills regarding various fields such as
windows, applications and many service provider protocols[2].
2. Functional and non-functional requirements (NFR) of inter-networking
Broadband Wireless Access Networks are used to establish wireless connection between
various systems. Local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN) and Wide area
network (WAN) are considered to establish a connection between several devices. So this
practice requires lots of tools and technological instrument to share data over network. There are
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multiple requirements which are related to the traffic management, functional management of
data and protocols of networking [8].
Functional needs are those concerns which are related to resources such as Network
Interface Card (NIC), Wireless Interface (WNIC), hub, switch, routers, access point etc. which
are responsible for communication and social networking such as Application Programming
Interface(API). It is also useful in storing records and data for user authorisation.
Non-functional requirements consists of networking architecture, security, reliability,
portability, maintainability etc. These are concerned with configuration and scalability of
connectivity . It is also considered as global constraints of a software system [3].
3. Design of networking based on the human concepts
Networking designs are concerned with architecture and user frame work provided for
users for effective functioning of such applications. It is referred as planning of networking
infrastructure. There are commonly many types of approaches that are available for designing
computer networks.
Most commonly used approaches are as follows:
1. Top-down approach: In this type of network designing, firstly applications and services
are identified and then they get established accordingly to support communication.
2. Bottom-up design: This approach initially starts with identifying physical layer of Open
System Interconnection (OSI) Model. It ensures faster network designing as it is
concerned with bandwidth, routers, switches, firewalls etc.
Here, top-down approach is considered as effective approach as it assist in developing
architecture according to requirements of service providers [4].
4. Requirements of internet protocols (IP) and its justification in a tabular form
IP addresses are required to detect the source and destination of device. If user requests
for any specific data frequently then it is duty of a server to respond system immediately. So
server requires IP address to track the device from which requests are processed. Variable Net
Subnet Masking (VLSM) is the technique in which internet protocol addresses are divided into
different sized subnets.
CIDR
(broadcast
Subnet connections Usable IP address IP address+
networks and
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domain) broadcast systems
/23 255.255.255.192 56 62
/24 255.255.255.264 26 30
/25
/26
255.255.255.234
255.255.255.163
13
2
32
8
/27 255.255.255.210 6 14
For example, if there are three LAN connections which are further connected with two
main WAN networks. In this case, firstly, one have to identify the number of host networks and
subnets to get the information about the allocated internet service provider (ISP). In this
approach further, the shortest route and connection which will be able to respond the request of
user. In this way by exchanging the values and bits of hosts and subnets, IP addresses and net
masks of networking will be obtained [5].
5. Topology diagram of networking including Switch configuration, Router configuration,
DHCP configuration
It is basically considered as the arrangement of networks together to share data and
information. It may be consisted of physical and logical topology. It is mainly concerned with
connection of multiple systems to establish networking. There are multiple topologies available
in networking. In this concept, multiple workstations are connected to a server where they
request for their data to the main server using multiple routers and dynamic host configuration
protocol (DHCP). Multiple client workstations might be connected to one server in networking
topology [7].
Switch configuration: It is considered as a device which is used to connect different computers
together. It uses packet switching technique to receive, process and forward data to its
destination device [2].
Router configuration: It determines the shortest path to respond the request of users. It requires
configuration of the source and destination device. It provides the simplest and shortest route for
transmitting signal to reach data.
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DHCP configuration: It is ultimately used as a router that connects IP addresses and provides
the link to establish a network connection.
CONCLUSION
This report had provided an overview about the concept of inter-networking. It was
clearly concluded that networking connections require multiple protocols and configurations in
transmitting the information over multiple client systems. This had mentioned scope of inter-
computer-networking in this advanced world and had provided functional and non-functional
aspects. It had also described topology diagrams related to switch, router and DHCP
configurations.
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Illustration 1: Network topology diagram

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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infrastructures: the case of building internet. InEnacting Research Methods in
Information Systems 2016 (pp. 104-142). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
2. Loo J, Mauri JL, Ortiz JH, editors. Mobile ad hoc networks: current status and future
trends. CRC Press; 2016 Apr 19.
3. Pathan AS, editor. Security of self-organizing networks: MANET, WSN, WMN,
VANET. CRC press; 2016 Apr 19.
4. Valacich J, Schneider C. Information Systems Today: Managing in a Digital World Plus
MyMISLab with Pearson eText--Access Card Package. Prentice Hall Press; 2015 May 9.
5. Wollschlaeger M, Sauter T, Jasperneite J. The future of industrial communication:
Automation networks in the era of the internet of things and industry 4.0. IEEE Industrial
Electronics Magazine. 2017 Mar;11(1):17-27.
6. Networking (computer). 2018. [Online]. Available
through:<https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/networking>
7. Basics of Computer Networking. 2018. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/basics-computer-networking/>
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