Computer Networks: Security Evaluation & IT Company Network Analysis

This report provides an in-depth evaluation of computer networks, focusing on computer organization and operating systems, networking, and internet security. It analyzes the impact of these elements on IT companies, specifically examining data flow and processing based on different architectures like Harvard and Von Neumann. The report also discusses various hierarchical systems used in software modulation, including main-subroutine, master-slave, and virtual machine approaches. Networking protocols such as TCP, UDP, SMTP, and POP3 are explored in the context of communication and resource sharing. Furthermore, the report addresses internet security concerns, including threats like viruses and hackers, and discusses legal and ethical considerations related to IT security and data protection, highlighting the importance of adhering to IT acts and maintaining customer trust. The report concludes by emphasizing the significance of these concepts for organizations like EE Limited, which aims to enhance customer satisfaction through robust network infrastructure and security measures.

Computer Network

Table of Contents
Task 1 Evaluation Report.................................................................................................................3
Abstract............................................................................................................................................3
Background......................................................................................................................................3
Advantages and disadvantages .......................................................................................................5
Legal and Ethical ............................................................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
Task 3.............................................................................................................................................14
Portfolio (computer organization and operating system)...............................................................14
Introduction....................................................................................................................................14
Analysis..........................................................................................................................................14
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................15
Portfolio (Networking and Internet Security)................................................................................16
Introduction....................................................................................................................................16
Analysis..........................................................................................................................................16
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................17
References......................................................................................................................................18

Task 1 Evaluation Report
Abstract
In this the report impact of computer organization and operating system, networking and
internet security on any IT company which analysis the process and the flow of data and
instructions on the basis of architecture. And various hierarchical systems are considered that
helps us in modulating the software system into logical fragments that helps us in identifying the
hierarchic architecture style of the software in which different process uses different approaches
such as in main-subroutine the software is divided in to fragments, in master-slave divide and
conquer asspproach is used where in virtual machine a virtual system is created by the software.
In networking various networking protocols are used that helps in communicating or share the
information with the system (Bhuyan, and Agrawal, 1984). This can also be used for resource
sharing purpose. It provides lots of protocols for the transferring the files from source to
destination with guarantee and many other protocols are provides that can helps in uploading and
downloading the mails. And internet security in which security is provided during internet
browsing, online banking transaction, while uploading and downloading the files. Because
during this period various threats such as virus, worms, trojan harms may damage your data and
corrupt your file. And may cause the situation where data loss takes place.
Background
Computer organization deals with hardware of the computer such input devices, output
devices and CPU. In which computer organize its devices in a way that they make the processing
of the device smooth. Such as the CPU perform the fetching and execution process of the
instruction using program counter that holds the address of instruction into memory. Input and
output devices are used to organize the process of receiving and transmitting the process and also
use to store the information into the memory of the device. In Harvard architecture separate
memories are provided for both date and instruction (Jain, and Routhier, 1986.). It also provide
two set of address buses or data buses that is presented between CPU and memory. In Harvard
two simultaneous fetching of memory is allowed. Harvard architecture are still used by many
companies because it provides greater memory bandwidth. Where in Von Neumann architecture
common memory is provided to store the data and instruction instead of separate memory. It
have single set of address bus between CPU and memory due to which the size of memory

bandwidth get reduced. In this report John Lewis Partnership is an IT company that uses the
most efficient architecture in order to increase the speed (Davis,. 2001).
Operating systems are used to control and manage the computation of resources. The
services that are offered by the operating system are file system in which files are arranged in the
form of directory, folders and files into the device. Another process of the operating system is
providing commands that are used to manipulate the file system such insertion, deletion, copy
and update. And the last but most important work of operating system is to manage the
processing of the system. In operating system one of the important topic is system software
hierarchy in which the software system is divided into small logical units at different levels. The
system id divided such as main-subroutine, master-slave and virtual machine. In main-subroutine
module the software is fragmented according to the functionality of the system. In master-slave
module divide and conquer approach is used. In this method the task is divided into small parts
until we get the solution and once we get the desired result combine the result. In virtual machine
a virtual system is created which does not have any physical existence.
Networking concept is used for connecting computers through other devices using
switches, routers, gateways and other types of access points. .This can be considered as an
important part because it enable the communication between the system by enabling the
communication channel between them. EE Limited work to provide the internet services. For
this communication various Internet protocols are used such as TCP, UDP, FTP, HTTP, SMTP&
POP3 and much more. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) in which information is braked into
small pieces of information packets and then transmission takes place and once they reached at
the destination pockets are recombine again. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) this protocol is
same as the previous one but in this we can transmit more than one at a time. SMTP(Simple
mail Transfer Protocol) &POP3( Post Office Protocol) which help in uploading and downloading
the e-mails (Roberts, and Wessler, 1970).
Internet security can be considered as an important branch of computer security in this
security is concern at the time of browsing internet, using online banking transactions,
downloading files. EE limited uses the feature of internet security. Internet security deals with all
kinds of virus, worms , threats and hackers also. In this context cloud computing security is very
important because in this the services are provided by the service provider and used by the

customer but it can also access by the third party in the middle. Therefore its security is divided
into two parts at the provider end and at the customer end (Kenner, Gruber and InterVu, 1999).
Advantages and disadvantages
 Computer Organization:
Architecture Advantages Disadvantage
Harvard The Harvard architecture
provides different media for
both data and instruction. EE
limited also uses the simplified
architecture.
As the architecture provide
different media due to this the
system became more large and
complex.
Von-neumann The van-neumann architecture
is flexible in nature because
both the data and instruction
are stored at the same place so
the transaction become easy.
As the instruction and data
flows from same path the
memory bandwidth get
automatically reduced.
 Operating System:
Hierarchical style Advantages Disadvantages
Main-subroutine Decomposition of the system
is easy and the process is
object-oriented. EE limited
also provide such services
through mobile services.
Data become vulnerable due to
global sharing and ripple effect
may arise due to tight coupling
of data (Filepp,. 1994).
Master-slave Useful in the case where
reliability is important.
Implementation is hard and
may have portability issues.
Virtual Machine Runtime modification are also
introduced into the system.
Execution may be slow down.
 Networking:

Protocols Advantages Disadvantages
TCP Always provide guarantee of
data transmission at right place
on time without duplicating.
EE limited also support such
internet protocols (Kalakota,
and Whinston, 1996. ).
It does not uses the broadcast
and multicast connections. As
the process runs at OP level so
problems like downloading
may arise.
UDP In UDP both the broadcast
and multicast connections are
used for transmission.
Breaking of data into packets
takes place manually.
 Internet Security:
Advantage Disadvantage
In cloud computing the investment on
software, infrastructure and server get reduced
so the security budget get increased. As the
process is very simple so people are attracting
towards it.
As the cloud computing can be done from any
where we do not need any specific
infrastructure so the third party or brokers may
also get involved into this.
Legal and Ethical
IT security persons usually have access on the confidential data of any individual or any
organization. But it sometime may misuse this information in order to avoid such situation
certain laws are presented which are known as IT acts . Under which any kind of unethical
hacking, or using the confidential data for wrong purpose will be considered under IT act. In
some case government heir the hackers but for ethical purpose. And all the IT companies strictly
follows these rules. EE limited also follow all the IT acts and does not go against any of the laws
and accordingly provides services to their customers (Wise, Mavrotheris, and Curry, 1999 ).

Conclusion
In this report the discussion is made on the concept and principle of the computer
organization and operating system, networking and internet security. In this report the
architecture, protocols of the different internet protocols are discussed in which their advantages
and disadvantage of the protocols are also included so that the brief idea of their work can be
drawn. If the computer organization architecture is Harvard then it will give more memory
bandwidth but in case of van neumann the memory bandwidth will be not be much large. During
this discussion the another important topic is operating system in which the file management
system of the device is discussed where the file is divided into the form of directory, folders and
files and are stored into that form (Ohira, and Sawatari, 1998). Such as the EE Limited use to
provide internet services to the customers of London. Another important function of operating
system is processing the commands that are helpful in the execution of the instructions and can
be used for managing the input and output devices.
Task 2 Poster

Introduction
Computer organization and operating system can be considered as an important part for any
organization because it is used to decide the architecture on which the system may depend and
its processing may depends. Where in operating system the file management process of the
device is discussed which helps the file to be organized in the for of the directory and folders.
Networking in this the communication and resource sharing between system is discussed
through the switches, routers, gateways. Internet security is also important for safe transfer of
the files. These all features of the very important for organizations like EE Limited (Whiting,
and Dilatush, 1998 ).
Discussion, analysis and result
The concept and process of computer organization can be discussed used on the basis of
architecture on which it can store the data and instruction into the the system. If it is using the
Harvard architecture then it will be provided with the separate media for both data and
instruction. Similarly the in operating system the hierarchic architecture style is provided for
the software segmentation on the basis of master-slave, main-subroutine,and virtual machine.
In Networking system various computers are connected through routers, gateway, switches nd
various other sources in order t continuous the communication process between other computer
into the same location or at different locations. And internet security that are used to provide
internet security while making online transaction and online banking in order to make the
transaction safe and secure (Cook, 2008).

On the basis of above discussion the following analysis is generated in the form that the
architecture of any computer affect the processing of the data and instructions in the form of
bandwidth and memory allocations. Where in the operating system the processing of files takes
place on the basis of which the directory and folders of any file or folder can be allocated.
Similarly the safe communication between the system and its safe resource sharing takes place
under this portion. Hence the final result is processing of computer organization and operating
and networking and internet security system should be done properly (Bowman, 2001.).
Conclusion
The above discussed report is base on the architecture and directory management through the
computer organization and operating system and also the communication an sharing of the
resource and their security are managed under the networking and internet security. Also their
importance in to any organizations for better and effective results. Such as EE limited also
support various feature of the computer organization and operating system, in order to increase

the customer satisfaction. The networking and internet security are considered as an important
issue because it helps to improve the customer and owner's relationship (Pitkin, and Morency,
1994).

Introduction
Networking and internet security are considered as an important aspect for any organization.
Networking is a process in which different computers can communicate with each other
through various modes such as sockets, gateways, routes and much more. Through this
networking a proper path can be set up and data can flow through that path and reach the
destination. During this process the chances of data loss get reduced and the efficiency of the
system get increases. Similarly in internet security the while access internet for browsing , on
line baking transaction in order to prevent for any kind of thief secure internet is important
(Scroggie, and Diamond,1999 ).
Discussion, analysis and result
The concept and process of networking can be discussed used on the basis of various modes on
which it can communicate the information into the the system. For this various algorithms are
also provided so that the transmission of the information become efficient. Similarly the
internet security that are used to provide internet security while making online transaction and
online banking in order to make the transaction safe and secure.