COIT 20246 Assignment: Analysis of Computing Architecture and Networks

Verified

Added on 2020/04/01

AI Summary

This assignment for COIT 20246 explores various aspects of computing architecture and networking, spanning ten tasks. It begins with an examination of influential figures like John von Neumann and Linus Torvalds, who shaped modern computing and operating systems. The assignment delves into the evolution of the internet, focusing on TCP/IP protocols, and then explores Layer 2 data link protocols, including Ethernet and Frame Relay. It also covers the role of hackers in network infrastructure, exemplified by Kevin Mitnick, and concludes with a look at future networking technologies. Each task requires summarizing a resource, providing insights into the historical development, current practices, and future trends of computer science and networking. The assignment emphasizes the importance of understanding these concepts for a comprehensive grasp of the field.

COIT 20246 ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION
Due date: Thursday Week 11 (2PM AEST)
Part: Written Assessment
Weighting: 30% of total assessment.
Submission: Electronic (see course website for details)
Instructions
It will be necessary to use literature/online resources to complete this
assignment, please ensure you cite and reference any such materials using
the Harvard format.
DO NOT copy content directly from either the text or Internet resources: this
assignment is to be in your own words. You will lose marks if you do not
use your own words!
Please complete your assignment using this submission template file,
inserting your responses where indicated.
DO NOT delete the marking criteria page – changes are permitted to the
formatting of other pages including the headers and footers.
Please fill in the following details:
Student Name
Student Number

Secure Best Marks with AI Grader

Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.

Tasks
There are ten (10) tasks, one for each week: the tasks are detailed below. There is a
table to complete for each task. Please fill in the information required.
Note: Each resource summary should be around 200-300 words.
Week 1
The text discusses the elements of modern computing architecture however is largely silent
on the individuals who played a role in its development. Find and summarise a resource that
describes ONE such individual. The individual should have had a significant influence on the
development of computers and/or components of modern computing architecture.
Ahmad, W.A.Z.W., Mukhtar, M. and Yahya, Y., 2017, April. Exploring Elements and
Factors in Social Content Management for ICT Service Innovation. In International
Conference of Reliable Information and Communication Technology (pp. 851-859).
Springer, Cham
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-59427-9_88
Summary:
The resource emphasizes on the contributions of John von Neumann to the
development of modern computing architecture concepts. The development of
modern computing dimensions could be observed in the case of John von
Neumann’s computing design was observed in the storage of instructions and
data in a singular media. The resource provides an explanation of the impact
that John von Neumann’s models have had on the development of modern
computing architecture and underlying components. Neumann’s contributions
can be apprehended from the implications of his model towards the inclusion
of a control unit, input and output, memory, arithmetic logic unit and an
interlink between the different parts involved in the model. The model
presented by Neumann also reflected on the sequential nature of operations
of modern computer which is initiated with the fetching of instruction from
memory at the address referred to in the program counter. The resource also
emphasizes on the next step involving the addition of the length of the
instruction to the program counter followed by processing in which the
instruction is decoded through the control unit. The contribution of Neumann’s
architecture to the development of modern computing architecture
frameworks has been overshadowed due to the lack of a pure von Neumann
architecture in present computing architectures. However, the limitations of
the von Neumann architecture observed in the form of excessive time
consumption due to the linear sequence of data processing could be
addressed through performing parallel processing or introduction of distinct
buses in the architecture for instructions and data independently. It is
imperative to observe from the resource that all modern computers and PCs
follow the Neumann architecture only with the variations in initial architecture.
Week 2

The text discusses the components and activities of operating systems however is largely
silent on the individuals who played a role in their development. Find and summarise a
resource that describes ONEsuch individual. The individual should have had a significant
influence on the writing or development of operating systems.
Bhattacharya, K., 2015. From Giant Robots to Mobile Money Platforms: The Rise of
ICT Services in Developing Countries. IEEE Internet Computing, 19(5), pp.82-85
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7230220/
Summary:
The resource describes references to Linus Torvalds, the individual
responsible for design of Linux kernel that is accountable as a major
component of the Linux operating system. The prominent inclination of
Torvalds towards computer programming was noted in his initial days and the
primary reason for which he engaged in development of a new operating
system was his dissatisfaction with the operating system of his computer
which used MS DOS. Therefore he was more inclined towards the use of
UNIX operating system which led him to reach on the idea of creating a
personal computer based version of UNIX since the operating system was
utilized only on university computers. The efforts of Linus in months of
programming led to the development of Linux operating system which he
posted on the internet for free downloading alongside releasing the source
code. The initiative of Linus was reflective of the opportunities that could be
accessed by computer programmers for modifying the operating system
according to specific purposes. The open access to source code was also
responsible for assisting Linus in refining the software leading to the launch of
the Linux kernel version 1.0 in 1994. The resource also emphasizes on the
factor that Linux operating system was not easy thereby acquired less
popularity which can be contradicted on the grounds of its capability to
provide a failsafe environment. Subsequently, the operating system went on
to compete with Microsoft with the promising support extended by companies
such as Corel Corp., Intel Corp. and Oracle Corp.

Week 3
The Internet didn’t just appear – it was an evolution from earlier networks. Find and
summarise a resource that describes ONEof the networks that led to the development of the
modern Internet.
Byrne, D.M. and Corrado, C.A., 2017. ICT Prices and ICT Services: What do they
tell us about Productivity and Technology?.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2920451
Summary:
The resource emphasizes on the history of TCP/IP protocols which could be
assumed as one the networks preceding the development internet as we
know it today. The effectiveness of the key protocols implemented in context
of developing the internet network could be observed in their capability for
defining the core operations associated with the suite. The definition of the
internet protocol (IP) suggests the characteristic primary OSI network layer
protocol which is utilized for functions such as datagram routing, addressing
and the other significant tasks involved in an internetwork. The transmission
control protocol (TCP) is characterized as a primary transport layer protocol
that assists in the functions for establishing connection and managing the
transport of data between devices and software processes. The resource also
emphasizes on the comprehensive nature of TCP/IP networks that can be
apprehended from the four layer architecture observed as a rough analogy to
the OSI Reference Model. The development of modern internet framework
has a formidable history of association with TCP/IP networks since they were
utilized as sources for implementation mechanisms for internet. The
development of these protocols could be largely attributed to the efforts of
United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) as a
part of a research network. The resource also emphasizes the efforts invested
in development of the basic network ARPAnet into a wider application with
limitations observed in context of the aspects of capacity. The developers
involved with the new network were able to apprehend the flaws that could
lead to problems with the use of TCP/IP networks due to the scaling of the
operations of ARPAnet to a larger size alongside encompassing the prospects
for novel uses and application.
Week 4
Ethernet is an example of a Layer Two (L2) data link protocol that is discussed in the text.
Find and summarise a resource that describes the features and uses of ONE other L2
protocol that is not discussed in the text (i.e. NOT Ethernet).
Colombo, M.G., Croce, A. and Grilli, L., 2013. ICT services and small businesses’
productivity gains: An analysis of the adoption of broadband Internet
technology. Information Economics and Policy, 25(3), pp.171-189.

Secure Best Marks with AI Grader

Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167624512000492
Summary:
The resource explains the example of a layer two data link protocol other than
the Ethernet i.e. Frame Relay and the significant aspects related to it such as
its operations, effectiveness and challenges encountered with its usage. The
definition of a frame relay is identified as a data link layer protocol that
facilitates digital packet switching. The primary functions of Frame Relay are
observed in the connection of networks and transfer of data across networks
such as Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN). The
working of frame relay comprises of the use of special purpose hardware such
as bridges, switches and frame routers that are helpful in packaging of
information into individual frame relay communications. The applications of
frame relays are also indicative of the feature of multiplexing traffic from
multiple connections across a shared physical link. Another promising feature
of frame relay identified in the resource is the 10 bit Data Link Connection
Identifier (DLCI) which helps the system for unique channel addressing. The
offloading of error correction to other components of the network reduces
network latency and the support provided by frame relay for variable length
packet sizes enables the productive utilization of network bandwidth. Some of
the other significant features that could be observed in context of the
performance of frame relay refer to the support for data rates complying with
the standard T1 and T3 lines as well as supporting fiber connections of
speeds up to 2.4 GBps. The challenges presented for frame relay are
observed in the dramatic increase in adoption of internet protocol based
solutions and competition from Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS) that is
used for enabling virtual private networks (VPN).
Week 5
The text mentions the role of hackers in attacks on networked infrastructure. Find and
summarise a resource that describes ONE famous or well-known hacker.
Giraldo, D., Herrera, A., Sánchez, M. and Villalobos, J., 2017. Analysis of ICT
services by observing “fit for use” attributes.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f60e/7dbf79dead5cb34fc62acb82abaeba4ab886.pdf
Summary:
The resource describes the case of Kevin David Mitnick, one of the renowned
hackers in the world. The most renowned highlight that can be inferred from the
resource is the conviction of Kevin in various communications and computer related
crimes in the later part of the 20th century. The resource provides legible insights into
the initial life of Kevin Mitnick such as his upbringing in Los Angeles and educational
progress through James Monroe High School, Los Angeles Pierce College and USC.
Kevin was also employed as a receptionist for Stephen S. Wise Temple for a brief
duration. Presently, Kevin operate a computer security consultancy firm known as
Mitnick Security Consulting, LLC that provides testing services for an organization to
evaluate its strengths and weaknesses in context of security. The arrest of Kevin was

one of widely touted arrests of the decade with the declaration of Kevin as the most
notorious hacker involved in federal offenses such as hacking activities for a
prolonged period of two and half years. The admission of offense by Kevin depicted
his involvement in two counts of computer fraud, four counts of wire fraud and a
single instance of illegal interception of wire communication. Kevin was also
convicted on the grounds of violating terms of supervised release through his move
to hack the voicemail of PacBell and other systems as well as on the basis of
association with other hackers.

Week 6
Society is increasingly reliant on networks and network technologies but they are evolving at
a rapid pace. Find and summarise a resource that describes ONE example of a future
networking technology or trend that will impact society.
Heeks, R., Subramanian, L. and Jones, C., 2015. Understanding e-waste management
in developing countries: Strategies, determinants, and policy implications in the
Indian ICT sector. Information Technology for Development, 21(4), pp.653-667.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02681102.2014.886547
Summary:
The resource illustrates the inefficiency of frameworks for management of Internet
protocol networks. Therefore the necessity for resolving the issues through reforms
in design can be addressed through emphasizing on the specific dimensions of
network control and management in context of the three guiding principles. The
guiding principles involve references to direct control, network level objectives and
network wide views. The network level objective allow the operation of a robust data
network that relies on the accomplishment of objectives such as describing reliability,
performance and policy as goals for the entire network observed distinctly from the
low level network elements. The aspects of direct control could be anticipated from
the decision logic that could facilitate a direct interface for configuration of network
elements. The network wide views rely on the assumption that network views of
topology are considered as major precedents for operation of a formidable network.
The 4D architecture is based on four distinct aspects such as decision,
dissemination, data and discovery. The distinct planes involved in the architecture
presented formidable references to decision plane which referred to network level
objectives. The decision plane is accountable for creating a network configuration.
The dissemination plane is accountable for collecting information regarding the
network state in context of the decision plane. The dissemination plane also performs
the function of distributing output to routers. The discovery plane in the 4D
architecture is responsible for enabling the devices for recognition of the directly
connected neighbours. The resource also emphasized on the final stage of the
architecture i.e. the data plane which is responsible for forwarding network traffic.
Week 7
The text mentions social business and the impact of the use of social networking platforms.
Find and summarise a resource that describes the history of the development of ONE such
social media platform.
Kaczorowska, A., Motyka, S. and Zielinski, J., 2015. Management of projects
realization process in enterprises of ICT sector. Applied Mechanics and
Materials, 791, p.81
http://search.proquest.com/openview/afa5c2dfd51cdc47f3483027df77580a/1?pq-
origsite=gscholar&cbl=2029177
Summary:
The resource emphasized on the history of Facebook which is one of the prominently
accepted social media platforms across the world. The foundation of Facebook was
realized by Mark Zuckerberg during his period of study at Harvard University where
he was engaged in psychology studies. The resource described the inclinations of
Mark Zuckerberg to develop various social networking websites for fellow students
among which Coursematch was a promising example. The social media giant
Facebook was initiated in February 2004 with the name of ‘the Facebook’ which
profiled students and staff. It was observed that within 24 hours of its launch the

Paraphrase This Document

Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser

website had almost 1200 users that had signed up and the success was further
observed in the profiles of almost half of the undergraduate students in the university.
The expansion of the network was made possible through reaching out to institutes
such as Ivy league, Boston Universities and almost all US universities. The
subsequent stages of development of the Facebook became profound in September
2006 by which the network was extended to users with authentic email addresses.
The source of revenue of the website was primarily derived from advertising
investments. The history of development of Facebook also suggested prominent
references to the consistent development in website features. The resource also
emphasizes on the specific legal implications that were observed in the history of
Facebook’s development included the litigations raised by brothers Cameron and
Tyler Winklevoss and Divya Narendra regarding plagiarism of their website
ConnectU.
Week 8
With the advent of mass data collection and storage has come data mining. Find and
summarise a resource that describes ONE example where data mining has been used
successfully by a business. You should not use any examples covered in the textbook.
Mihovska, A., Kyriazakos, S.A. and Prasad, R., 2014, October. eWALL for active
long living: Assistive ICT services for chronically ill and elderly citizens. In Systems,
Man and Cybernetics (SMC), 2014 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 2204-
2209). IEEE
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6974251/
Summary:
The resource describes the distinct opportunities for data and the process of data
mining adoption along with prominent references to the case study of applying data
mining in the ecommerce aspects of Wal-Mart. The improvement in business
infrastructure has led to the improvement in system competences for data collection
and the distinct aspects pertaining to consumer behaviour, performance of marketing
campaigns, workflow procedures and supply chain management. The wide
assortment of opportunities in context of data mining could be leveraged to
accomplish strategic advantage by retail sector businesses. The development of
computer algorithms have reformed the conventional approaches to evaluation of
data by inducing facilities for effective connection of data sets that could promote a
deeper and broader analysis. The definition of data mining refers to the extraction of
business critical information from a colossal volume of information accessed from
market research reports and other data collection methods. The applications of data
mining in case of Wal-Mart are largely observed in the specific contexts of marketing
and supply chain management. The use of data mining enables Wal-Mart to ensure
the implementation of a comprehensive customer relationship management that
allows the organization to review customer behaviour so that expected customer
value can be maximized effectively. The resource also describes the feasible
implementation of data mining in the case of Wal-Mart especially in terms of
collection of almost 2.5 petabytes of information from almost 1 million customers
every hour which is further supported by the implementation of data analytics to
acquire the objectives of operational efficiency and marketing campaigns.
Week 9
One of the greatest success stories in application development in recent times has been the
popularity of mobile apps. Find and summarise a resource that describes the story of ONE

successful mobile app developer.
Mourshed, M., Robert, S., Ranalli, A., Messervey, T., Reforgiato, D., Contreau, R.,
Becue, A., Quinn, K., Rezgui, Y. and Lennard, Z., 2015. Smart grid futures:
Perspectives on the integration of energy and ICT services. Energy Procedia, 75,
pp.1132-1137.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610215012990
Summary:
The development story of Instagram is accounted in the research with the references
to its definitions and the story following its developers. The mobile app Instagram
provides users with the opportunities to share uploaded content through imagery and
video content. The applications of Instagram enable users to share real time
experiences. The story of its developers Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger is
accounted as one of the prominent highlights of the resource. The concept of
developing Instagram was to combine the functionalities of telegram and instant
camera. The initial version of the app was intended to be functional only in the iOS
operating systems which could be accessed free of cost. The origins of the
development of Instagram could be identified in the impromptu decision of the
developers to direct a HTML5 check-in project towards mobile photography. The
success of the app was noted in the one million monthly users at the initial stages
which gradually progressed further towards 10 million users in September in the
same year. The gradually growth of Instagram was observed in the user base which
crossed almost 150 million monthly years as of 2013. The resource also emphasized
clearly on the implications of new features included in the mobile app thereby making
it a successful exemplary of mobile app development. The acquisition of Instagram
by Facebook for $1 billion could also be accounted as a major highlight that validates
the favourable prospects derived from story of Instagram developers, Kevin Systrom
and Mike Krieger.
Week 10
While information systems and technology deliver many benefits to society, they can also
result in (sometimes inadvertent) negative effects and outcomes. Find and summarise a
resource that describes ONE example of where the use of an information system or
technology has led to negative consequences for humans.
Prause, G. and Hunke, K., 2014. Secure and sustainable supply chain management:
integrated ICT-systems for green transport corridors. Journal of Security and
Sustainability Issues, 3(4), pp.5-16
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gunnar_Prause/publication/
282180651_Secure_and_sustainable_supply_chain_management_Integrated_I
CT-systems_for_green_transport_corridors/links/
56a2ab1d08ae232fb201ca04/Secure-and-sustainable-supply-chain-
management-Integrated-ICT-systems-for-green-transport-corridors.pdf
Summary:
The resource describes three distinct cases of negative consequences arising
from the use of information systems. However, the specific case to be
considered in context of this report is the information system failure of Hilton
hotels. The organization implemented a system for customers and was
characterized with provisions of confirming reservations in car rentals and
hotel bookings. However, the project failed because of the inability of the
organization to address the weaknesses of the system that can be
summarized as follows. Operations management in a transaction processing
system could be accounted as a major disadvantage leading to the failure of
the information system. The negative consequences that could be observed in

this context are identified in the form of concurrent bookings as well as failed
transactions and issues with refunding for customers. The information system
was not developed effectively to manage the colossal volumes of business
and consumer data which lead to the implications for frequent security
breaches. The impact of hardware malfunctions was also responsible for
creating pitfalls in the security of information which can be accounted as a key
reason for its failure. The requirement for Hilton Hotel to address the
integration of information system in alignment with other departments such as
accounting and inventory management was also not addressed effectively
thereby leading to negative consequences for the users.

Secure Best Marks with AI Grader

Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.

MARKING SHEET - DO NOT DELETE
Criteria
0 No Response
<=1 Poor resource selection; resource is too broad or lacks relevance to the
task; summary fails to explain what the resource was about; the relevance
and/or usefulness of the resource has not been explained.
<=2 Good resource selection; resource is relevant to the task; summary is
adequate but may require either more detail or is too long; the relevance
and/or usefulness of the resource has been explained to some extent, but
needs additional information.
<=3 Excellent resource selection; resource is highly relevant to the task (the
resource is probably highly specialised); summary is detailed yet concise;
the relevance and usefulness of the resource selection has been clearly
explained.
Key
Deductions
-3
-2
-1
Reference/URL provided does not link to resource (and resource cannot
be located or determined from details provided) OR
Reference/URL provided does not relate to the summary (i.e. summary is
not of resource content / contains content not contained in the resource)
Resource is generic AND/OR covers multiple technologies/examples
rather than focuses on a single technology/example
Resource not referenced correctly/not in Harvard format
Week Marks Awarded
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
TOTAL
Comments: