Systems Engineering Project: Conceptual Design Phase Analysis Report

This report critically analyzes the conceptual design phase of a systems engineering project, following the professor's guidelines and incorporating insights from a previous assignment. The analysis begins with an introduction outlining the project's scope and objectives. It then delves into stakeholder needs, exploring how these needs drive the project's direction and influence the creation of system requirements. The core of the report examines the conceptual design process, detailing the transformation of stakeholder needs into specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) requirements. The report considers different design alternatives that were (or could have been) evaluated, focusing on the output of conceptual design: the systems requirements specification, which defines the system's intended functionality, and the inputs, outputs, staging, and supporting processes. It uses case studies from various application areas, such as public transportation (light railway) or power generation (Snowy Hydro 2.0), to illustrate the concepts. The report includes tables and figures to enhance clarity and understanding, and it concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations. The report also addresses the different phases of the project, including the stakeholder needs, conceptual design process, and system requirements, and provides recommendations for future improvements.

Running head: SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Executive summary
The main aim of the report is to provide the knowledge regarding functional analysis and
allocation process within the project. System engineering is the way that is used for the purpose
of eliminating the excessive use of resources. In this assessment report the focus is divided into
different parts in order to provide better support towards the project development process. In this
report the main focus is to describe the functional allocation and analysis process. The report will
address all the major components associated with the functional analysis and allocation process.
The report is also going to provide the benefits that are likely to come along with the use of
functional analysis and allocation process in the metro rail project.

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Overview of FA&A process............................................................................................................2
Approaches for functional analysis.................................................................................................4
System requirements....................................................................................................................6
Subsystems..................................................................................................................................7
Approaches for functional allocation...............................................................................................7
Benefits of Functional analysis and allocating within Metro rail....................................................8
Recommendation.............................................................................................................................9
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................11

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Introduction
System engineering is mainly referred to the way that helps in eliminating the excessive
use of resources by implementing proper measures to execute the project. This divides the
assessment in different parts for providing better support towards the project development
process. In this report the main focus is to describe the functional allocation and analysis process.
Functional analysis and allocation is referred to top-down approach for the purpose of translating
system level requirements based on the designing criteria. The chosen system engineering
process is the Hyderabad metro rail. Hyderabad metro rail plays a major role in providing
support towards the common people and thus it becomes essential to implement proper measures
that will be able to protect the transportation systems effectively. The main purpose of this
system engineering process activity is to convert the functional, interface, performance and other
requirements effectively so that it can help in achieving the objective. The report will focus on
describing the functional analysis and allocation process effectively for better understanding of
the concept related to system engineering. The report will provide r3commendtaion for
enhancing the features offered with metro rail project.
Overview of FA&A process
System engineering is basically referred to the concept that helps in eliminating the
wastage of time, money, materials, energy, resources and man power. With the help of system
engineering concept it becomes easy to manage the tasks and activities that takes place within
the system. System engineering process improves the quality of the system and also offers better
productivity towards the organization. System engineering is referred to inter disciplinary field

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that helps in focusing on the development of designing and manages and optimize the
complex engineering systems over their life cycles. The functional analysis and allocation
process is considered follows top-down approach for the purpose of translating system level
requirements functional and performance design criteria. The aim behind using functional
analysis and allocation is that it helps in bridging the gaps that are identified between the high
level set of system requirements and constraints (Arnold and Wade 2015). While conducting the
activity integrated functional architecture is being introduced that helps in managing the process
by identifying the attendant risks within the project. The major steps associated with FA&A are
as follows:
 Identifying the functional requirements and grouping it for the purpose of minimizing and
controlling the interfaces.
 Determining the functions associated with the system that includes eight functions at
primary stages.
 Analyzing requirements effectively so that it can help in resolving the functional issues
 Determining the external and internal functional interfaces
The Hyderabad metro rail is an integral part of every country. Hence it becomes essential to
identify the lack within the transportation system so that it can provide better functionality
towards the users. Thus it becomes essential to identify the gaps for developing better relation
among the people and government (Bahr 2018). The system engineering function focuses on
transforming a set of inputs to a set of desired outputs. The system offers different ways for
recording and displaying the functions that helps in designing the system effectively. In order to
understand the working of the system functional flow block diagrams are used. This helps in
determining the functions effectively without errors. The arrows are used to represent the flow of

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function to and from connected systems. Inputs are described on the left side and outputs are
described in the right part of the block diagram. The functional boxes are used for transforming
the inputs in the desired outputs. Apart from this the mechanisms are referred to the entities that
are responsible for performing the functions. Controls are referred to as the inputs that can
command, limit or direct the operations associated with each functions and are described at the
top. The diagrams represented can be sequential that includes performing the activities at same
time where there is a need to have proper feedback. Moreover output of any function can be
considered as an input for other functions. The major outputs that are associated with functional
analysis and allocation include functional architecture and supporting the details (Choi 2016).
The inputs for this architecture are outputs from the requirements analysis and the main control
includes constraints, GFE, COTS, organizational procedures and system concept. Enabler
includes multi discipline products teams, tools and models, data flow diagrams and behavior
diagrams (Muñoz et al. 2016). The major activities that are associated with the functional
analysis and allocation are defining the system states and modes, defining functional interfaces,
analyzing the performances, integrating the functions related to the system and defining the
faults at detection and recovery behavior. This will help in enhancing the performances
associated with the organization.
Approaches for functional analysis
Functional analysis is used within a system for the [purpose of designing the project.
Thus it becomes essential to understand the requirements associated with the project. The
Hyderabad metro rail station project plays a crucial role in managing the activities. This also

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helps in providing better support towards the public by filling the gaps identified between the
transportation systems (Falcone et al. 2018). There are several approaches that are identified for
performing the functional analysis. Functional analysis is mainly referred to the next step that is
involved within systems engineering process once the requirements goals are set. The main
purpose of using functional analysis is that it helps in dividing the functionality of the system in
smaller parts that are considered as functional elements that are used to describe the systems
performance. The major purpose behind analyzing the functional analysis process is to divide the
complex system into possible smaller and simpler components. The different approaches that are
offered for performing the functional analysis include dividing the components along with time
axis. While conducting a large project it becomes easy to divide into different phases that are
getting executed sequentially (Heagney 2016). The Hyderabad metro rail is the biggest project
for Hyderabad city. Hence it becomes essential to implement proper measures that will help in
managing the components associated with the project. The functional analysis and allocation
associated with metro rail project includes several stages. These stages are as follows:
 Describing the systems with the functional requirements so that it can be decomposed
efficiently for understanding the top level functions. This also helps into dividing the
tasks in sub parts.
 Identifying the internal and external functional interfaces so that it can provide better
support towards the developed project.
 Determining the major functional characteristics that will helps in directing the
components efficiently and will ensure better support at the allocation and analysis time
(Schwalbe 2015).

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 Performing proper trade practices so that it can provide better approaches towards the
functional analysis and allocation part.
Developing a metro rail within a city needs to address all the necessary technical measures
that will help in managing the activities. Technical parts are mainly divided into different phases.
The major phases that are associated with technical implementation of projects are designing
phase, delivery, testing, and productions. Functions associated with the system do not follow one
to one relationship with the hardware components (Kerzner and Kerzner 2017). With proper
approach it is expected that the system will be able to meet the need of the system. With the
implementation of an effective metro rail in Hyderabad it is expected that the public
transportation facility will get improved (Singh and Sarkar 2018). This will also provide better
facility towards the people with effective supports. Thus this becomes important to implement
proper measures that will be able address all the requirements based on the needs.

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System requirements

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Subsystems

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Input Output
Human presence Person allowed
Ticket sensor station Entry gate open
Scanning cards Train door open
Entering details Pay extra money
Train door close
Approaches for functional allocation
With the proper analysis of the requirements it becomes essential to implement proper
measures for the purpose of allocating the resources. Functional allocation is mainly concerned
with the allocation of requirements so that it can be used for future purposes. Requirement
allocation becomes a major step for system engineering process as this ensures that proper
functions are implemented within the system (Zio 2016). Once the functions gets allocated
within the system than this is being documented based on the lower level requirements and this
can applied to different parts of the project. Functional allocation becomes an important aspect

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for the metro rail project of Hyderabad as it will help in developing proper system with all
necessary requirements. The functional requirements associated with the development of the
project include identifying the business requirement, stakeholder’s requirements, solution
requirements and transition requirements (Walker 2015).
The business requirements that are associated with the development metro rail project in
Hyderabad include high level statements of goals, needs and objectives. This needs to be
implemented effectively so that it can provide better support towards the system implementing.
While working on the system it becomes important to have proper technology that will support
the easy implementation of the project (Sood 2016). The different approaches that are used for
performing functional allocation includes the consequential approach, economic allocation,
closed loop scenarios, allocation at the point of substitution and cut off approach. These
approaches possess the ability to support the construction project of the Hyderabad metro rail.
The functional allocation will include the implementation of MRT system within the Hyderabad
metro so that it can perform the functions efficiently. While implementing a MRT system it
becomes essential to manage financial and logistics resources. The main aim behind developing
a metro rail within the Hyderabad city is that it will be able to manage the activities efficiently.
Benefits of Functional analysis and allocating within Metro rail
 The major benefits that are offered with the implementation of metro rail is that it
requires 1/5th energy as per the passenger distance compared to the road based system
(Singha and Sarkarb 2017).
 This will ensure that the noise pollution is less and there is no air pollution. Thus it will
ensure better protection of the environment as compared to the other projects.