ACCT 602 Assignment 2: Conceptual Framework and Financial Reporting

This research report investigates the significance of the Conceptual Framework (CF) in standardizing global financial reporting processes. It begins by exploring the need for a standardized global accounting process and highlights the role of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in developing the CF. The report includes a critical review of eight academic journal articles, assessing their relevance to the research question: "How the conceptual framework has promoted the standardization of the global financial reporting process?". Findings from the review indicate that the CF promotes harmonization, which benefits investors and stakeholders. The research applies stakeholder and stewardship accounting theories to analyze the impact of the CF on financial reporting. The report concludes that the CF is essential for achieving consistency, reliability, and comparability in financial information, supporting the global integration of financial markets. The report emphasizes the importance of the CF in guiding the development of accounting standards globally.

1
Importance of Conceptual framework for standardization of global financial reporting
process

2
Abstract
This research report has been undertaken to provide an understanding into the financial
reporting issue of need for developing conceptual framework for facilitating the development of
standardized global accounting process. In this context, the critical review of the selected article
sin context of the research area has presented that conceptual framework developed by the IASB
is a major step taken to promote the development of harmonized and globalised accounting
standards. The need for CF integration into the financial reporting process of business entities
globally has also been supported by the stakeholder and stewardship accounting theories.

3
Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................2
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Area of research...............................................................................................................................4
Research Question...........................................................................................................................4
Critical Review of 8 journal articles related to the research topic...................................................4
Findings gained from the research...................................................................................................7
Application of accounting theories in the research..........................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9

4
Introduction
The preset report is developed for undertaking a research into a selected area related to
financial accounting and reporting. The area of research selected to be explored in this report is
examining the importance of conceptual framework for standardization of global financial
reporting process. This has been carried out through presenting a critical review of the 8
academic articles selected that has presented an in-depth insight into their research area. The
main findings deduced from the critical review have been presented in the findings section
followed by providing an explanation of the research area with the selected accounting theories.
Area of research
This research report aims to present an insight into the issue of importance of developing
conceptual framework for attaining standardization in the global financial reporting process. The
research area selected is highly significant for developing an understanding of the reasons for
developing conceptual accounting framework by the IASB (International Accounting Standards
Board). The research report will highlight the contribution of the conceptual accounting
framework for promoting harmonization of global accounting standards. The need for attaining
standardized global accounting standards for business entities will also be understood through
this research report. In addition to this, the research area will help to analyze the need for
developing global accounting standards for IASB that ahs lead to the establishment of conceptual
framework of accounting. As such, the purpose of this research report is to highlight the
significance of general accounting framework of IASB for attaining convergence and
standardization of the accounting standards at a global level (Mirza and Ankarath, 2012).
Research Question
On the basis areas of research, following is the research question:
“How the conceptual framework has promoted the standardization of the global financial
reporting process?”

5
Critical Review of 8 journal articles related to the research topic
The research article developed by the Fosbre (2009) has cited the reason of the need of
businesses to move towards a global economy for adopting the global accounting standards. The
article selected is highly important in context of the research area as it has provided an in-depth
discussion relation to the need and benefits those businesses worldwide are likely to receive with
the development of global accounting standards. In the context of the research area, the article
has provided discussion about the need for converging US GAAP (Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles) with the IFRS adoption for facilitating the decisions of investors based
on improved comparability of financial information and attaining uniformity in the financial
statements. The research has provided insight into the need for SEC to mandate the adoption of
IFRS to facilitate the US to become a global regulating power (Fosbre, 2009).
In the area of present research work, the article of Shang (2015) has stated that the
adoption of the Conceptual Framework (CF) of accounting is essential for attaining consistency
within the accounting standards at a global level. The establishment of the CF by IASB can be
regarded as a major step for reducing the friction in the international economic trading and
restrictions faced by accountant’s indifferent countries for presenting comparable financial
statements. The article is highly important in relation to the research area selected as it has
considered and described the factors that are causing the need for IASB to revise the CF of
financial reporting for addressing effectively the environment changes (Shang, 2015).
The article developed by Leventi (2009) has discussed and explored the benefits that
business entities around the world are realizing with the adoption of the International Accounting
Standards. The article developed is highly significant in the context of the research area selected
as it has provided a detailed insight into the positive and negative effects that could eventually
results from the adoption of international accounting standards based on the principles stated by
the CF. It has analyzed and examined the impacts of factors such as financial, social, legal,
cultural, political and others that could impede the standardization of global financial reporting
process based on the adoption of the CF. The insights provided by the article would helps IASB
to overcome the issues that negatively impact the implementation of the CF qualitative
characteristics in the financial reporting system of different countries worldwide (Leventi, 2009).

6
Gaffikin (2006) has conducted the research that has stated the CF is a building block of
the financial reporting process across many countries worldwide. The research article has
presented a description regarding the benefits that the countries such as Australia and the UK are
realizing after the adoption of IFRS. The compliance with the conceptual accounting framework
principles has enabled these entities to improve the reliability and relevance of financial
information for investors. As such, their global competitiveness has improved which in turn is
helping these countries to gain accesses to increased capital funds. Moreover, the article has also
discussed the building blocks of the conceptual framework for widening the understanding of the
present research area (Gaffikin, 2006).
In the views of Bran, Margarit, and Eftene (2011), conceptual framework has played very
important role in harmonization of the financial reporting to ensure the overall economic and
social development. This research paper is very important from the point of research topic as it
explores the importance of conceptual framework (CF) in harmonization of accounting polices
and rules at international level. This research article has provided that after the introduction of
the conceptual framework it is easy to lead the countries in accepting the accounting standards
developed internationally either through convergence or through direct acceptance. It will help in
making the accounting standards same at global level in order to increase the standardization of
accounting standards (Bran, Margarit and Eftene, 2011).
According to Gerber (M), Gerber (A) and Merwe (2015), conceptual framework has
contributed a lot in financial reporting through providing a proper guidance to users and prepares
of financial report. This research article is significant to the current research proposal as it guides
how a conceptual framework contributed in developing the standardized accounting policies and
rules to promote the harmonization of accounting standards. This research article has indicated
that CF has served as the base for many countries for interpretation and developing the standards
of accounting. It means there is huge role of CF in promoting the standardization of accounting
procedure at global level (Gerber, Gerber and Merwe, 2015).
As per the thoughts of Merwe and Gerber (2014), conceptual framework is used as the
base to draft and interpret the accounting policies, rules and regulations by almost many of the
countries around the world. The research article provided by Merwe and Gerber has sufficient
information on how conceptual framework has been developed and what role it plays it for

7
promoting and development the accounting standard at global level. The conceptual framework
has been developed by the IASB and it contain all the information needed by accounting boards
of different countries to produce the set of accounting standards that are globally accepted
(Merwe and Gerber, 2014).
According to Kovacs (2015), the main aim of conceptual framework is to provide the
financial information that can be useful for the users of the financial statements. In this context it
is important that financial data provided in the annual report must be comparable and it is
possible only when there are global accounting rules and regulations. CF of financial reporting
has played major role in providing a base upon which major of countries around the world has
developed their own set of accounting standards that are globally accepted. This research article
is highly important from the view point of this research proposal as it provide information
regarding the objectives of conceptual framework and guidelines provided by the conceptual
framework (Kovacs, 2015).
Findings gained from the research
The critical review of the academic articles in the context of the research has inferred that
IASB has undertaken the project of standardizing the global accounting standards for reducing
the inconsistencies in the financial reporting process. The development of uniform accounting
standards would help the investors and other stakeholders to easily analyze and interpret the
financial information. This in turn would help the business entities to strengthen their position
within the global financial market by seeking funds from foreign investors. IASB has developed
the conceptual accounting framework for achieving its objective of globalizing the accounting
rules and policies so that financial information disclosed adequately meets all the significant
needs and requirements of foreign investors. The CF building blocks need to be integrated by the
business entities within its financial reporting process to comply effectively with the IFRS.
Application of accounting theories in the research
The selected area of research can be analyzed adequately with the use of stakeholder
theory of accounting. The stakeholder theory has stated that business entities need to take the
actions and strategies that help them to maximize the value created for the stakeholders. As such,
the need for adopting CF of financial reporting will help in meeting effectively the varying needs

8
of stakeholders. The financial information developed on the basis of qualitative characteristics of
CF such as reliability, faithful presentation, relevance, comparability, timeliness,
understandability will help in protecting the interests of investors. In context of this, the
stewardship theory of accounting has also stated that managers need to act as responsible
stewards of the assets under their control. The goal of stewardship theory can be successfully
achieved by the managers through standardization of accounting standards by implementation of
the CF of financial reporting as it will help in improving the reliability of financial information
disclosed (Wasieleski and Weber, 2017).
Conclusion
It has been found there is requirement to conduct research on the role of conceptual
framework in encouraging the standardization of the accounting rules, regulations, polices and
standards. There has been huge amount of research conducted on this research topic that will act
as the base for this research study.

9
References
Bran, N.C., Margarit, S.G., and Eftene, N. 2011. Iasb framework regarding the harmonization of
financial statements. Journals of the University of Petrosani, Economics 11(4), pp. 53-60.
Fosbre, A. 2009. The Globalization of Accounting Standards: IFRS versus US GAAP. Global
Journal of Business Research 3(1), pp. 61-71.
Gaffikin, M. 2006. Regulation: Standardizing Accounting Practice. Accounting & Finance 6(22),
pp. 2-17.
Gerber, M.C., Gerber, A.J. and Merwe, A. 2015. The Conceptual Framework for Financial
Reporting as Domain Ontology. Twenty-first Americas Conference on Information Systems 4,
pp. 1-18.
Kovacs, Z.I. 2015. Reforming the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. Journal of
international accounting 2, pp. 186-193.
Leventi, T. 2009. The impacts of the implementation of International Accounting
Standards. MIBES, pp.423-429.
Merwe, A., and Gerber, A.J. 2014. An Analysis of fundamental concepts in the conceptual
framework using ontology technologies. Journal of Accounting 4, pp. 396-411.
Mirza, A.A. and Ankarath, N. 2012. Wiley International Trends in Financial Reporting under
IFRS: Including Comparisons with US GAAP, China GAAP, and India Accounting Standards.
John Wiley & Sons.
Shang, T. 2015. The Latest Progress of the Conceptual Framework. Modern Economy 6, pp. 694-
699.
Wasieleski, D.M. and Weber, J. 2017. Stakeholder Management. Emerald Group Publishing.