Analyzing Construction Information for Diverse Projects

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Topic – Construction Information

Table of Contents
LO1 Evaluate different types of construction information in the context of diverse project
types...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK1....................................................................................................................................3
(a) Explain the use of construction information in the context of the given project..........3
Construction information....................................................................................................3
(b) Describe the different types of construction information and their uses. What type of
construction information will you use for the current scenario and justify their use?........4
(c) Compare different types of construction information to identify their suitability in
specific contexts..................................................................................................................6
LO3 Interpret different types of construction information in order to explain a construction
project.........................................................................................................................................7
Task 3.....................................................................................................................................7
(a)Relate a set of construction drawings to a specification................................................7
(b) Evaluate construction drawings and details to identify errors and clashes...................8
(c)Critique a body of construction information, identifying errors and discrepancies.......9
(d) Propose corrections to construction drawings and specifications using industry
standard forms of notation................................................................................................10
LO4 Assess ways in which construction professionals collaborate in the production of
construction information..........................................................................................................11
Task 4...................................................................................................................................11
(a)Assess the types of information produced by different participants in a construction
project. Using the current project as a case study.............................................................11
(b) Examine the relationship between different bodies of information and how they work
in conjunction...................................................................................................................13
(c)Compare the roles of CAD and BIM in the collaborative production of construction
information........................................................................................................................14

LO1 Evaluate different types of construction information in the context of diverse
project types.
TASK1
(a) Explain the use of construction information in the context of the given project.
Construction information
The construction information is associated with all the required documents, the details of raw
material, construction drawing, an executable plan, stakeholders’ details, construction maps,
location details, etc. All this information helps the people involved in the construction project
to keep updated and know what is going on in the other department and also helps the project
manager to know that everything is going according to the plan or not.
The project manager is the one responsible for coordinating, planning, supervising and
budgeting of the project from starting to the project end. Through various information like
bill of materials one can know about how much material is required throughout the
construction project and through it we can also estimate the cost of the materials and through
another information like schedule of work one can know how the workflow will be managed
and what steps to be performed one by one in order to build an effective construction project.
Without construction information, it is difficult for everyone involved in the project to
understand the workflow and also disturbance in the coordination will be observed which will
definitely lead to chaos and the owner may face loss due to unorganized material details and
inappropriate cost distribution.
Preparing construction information is the most convenient and effective way of organizing
the construction project processes and it also helps in keeping the expenditure within the
budget.
(b) Describe the different types of construction information and their uses. What type of
construction information will you use for the current scenario and justify their use?
Construction information and specification
In a construction project, one needs to understand the importance and effectiveness of
communication among architect, owner, designer, etc who are specific about the work that
needs to be done in a project. But it not possible for each of them to communicate with each
other in order to get what they need as it will require more time and may lead to changing of
orders and rise in the cost which is responsible for decreasing the efficiency of the project.

Therefore, to solve this problem the construction industry came up with an idea of creating a
process which ensures the communication of project needs through construction specification
efficiently. (Arya Hojati, 2018)
Construction specification is also called construction information comprising of the details of
the work needed to be completed for the effective project completion. The various
information included in the construction project details are: -
i) Scope of work
ii) Materials
iii) Installation processes
iv) Quality of work
A team under subcontractor uses the specifications to move further and choose the
appropriate material for a specific project. The discussed specification between the contractor
and the owner is considered as a part of the legal documentation of the project. The
construction specifications are created before the actual starting of construction work and are
created by the designer and the architect and project engineer for the technical need. (Afsar,
2014)
There are mainly 3 types of construction specification detailing the workflow which is as
follows: -
Prescriptive Specifications: -
The prescriptive specification mainly focuses on material’s type and material installation. In
the prescriptive specification engineer and the architect takes the job of a project design. It
gives a better illustration of the project will look like after the completion if compared to the
other specifications. The prescriptive specification can further be separated into parts which
are: -
i) General: - It includes information like product handling, national quality standards,
keeping quality control and design requirements.
ii) Products: - this includes going through various product necessary for tasks and
individual performance level of an individual project.
iii) Execution: - this includes the process of material preparation and its installation. The
quality of the material is maintained and the installation is checked correctly.

Performance Specification: -
All the operations involved in the project falls under this category. It tells about the details of
how the product will do after the final installation and its capability. In this the discussion is
between the general contractor and the owner and the subcontractor is not in the discussion
on how the finishing of the project will be done. Instead of this the architect and the designer
will provide the contractor with the details of how the will work after completion.
Considering an example, a contractor asks to make the pump that is capable of pumping 300
gallons of water per minute Irrespective of how it can be prepared to go this fast therefore it
is up to the contractor to solve the problem.
The testing involved in this phase is much more than other as to make sure that the project
meets all the required operations. The engineer and architect explain the outcome of the
project and leave the solution up to the contractor’s experience. Strategy and material
decisions move from the engineer and architect to the contractor.
Proprietary Specification: -
Proprietary specification comes to action whenever there is a requirement of a single product
type for any different kind of installations. This type of specification is considered the least
important but required for the jobs using existing equipment, an installation that is already
completed with installations. Whenever the client or the owner requires to be consistent with
the same kind of material, we use proprietary specification. The proprietary specification is
used by the contractor when there is a dependency of a section of the project on a specific
product’s performance.
Engineers and architects generally avoid using this type of specification as it leads to a
specific manufacturer’s promotion and promoting a manufacturer leads to discouraging the
competition which leads to an increase in the cost of the project. Therefore, the contractor is
provided with a list of suppliers prepared by the engineers and architects to avoid this.
(Kubba, 2017)

(c) Compare different types of construction information to identify their suitability in
specific contexts
Prescriptive specification VS Performance Specification: -
Prescriptive specification Performance Specification
It includes the clauses for methods and
means of construction.
It is the set of instructions highlighting
functional requirements.
The instructions for prescriptive
requirements conflict with intended
performance.
The instruction is clear, measurable,
enforceable, achievable.
It focusses on material type and installation. It focusses on product performance.
For example- A low water-cementitious
material ratio with high paste might increase
shrinkage and result in curling.
For example- Weight and compressive
strength for the column are the performance
criteria
Project specification generally includes a
prescriptive limit on W/M ratio for
durability as a surrogate.
A Design specification describes the
manufacturing methodology and design
characteristics.
For example – Prescriptive Specification
tells contractor the exact size of motor that
is needed to drive a vacuum cleaner.
For example – Performance Specification
will tell the suction requirement at the end.
(Lowe, 2019)

LO3 Interpret different types of construction information in order to explain a
construction project
Task 3
(a)Relate a set of construction drawings to a specification.
Size of the floor area =105’-5 5/6” to 186’- 6 1/4”
Size of cubical 1= 32’- 10 3/8” to 84’-6 13/16”
Size of the Office Room = 34’ -5 3/16” to 49’ -4 11/16”
Size of cubical 2 = 78’-2 5/8” to 29’-3 1/2”
Size of conference room = 64’-8 7/16” to 37’-11 3/4”
Size of lift area = 33’-4 3/4” to 25’-7 3/4"
Size of reception area = 21’-5 1/16” to 13’-9 3/4”
Length of door 1= 28’-7 7/8”
Length of door 2 = 12’-7 5/16”
(b) Evaluate construction drawings and details to identify errors and clashes.
The above Construction drawing consists of the following error that needs to be corrected: -
1) Less area for employees to sit.
2) Wastage of area.
3) The large size of office rooms leads to a decrease in the cubical area.
4) Less number of lifts.
5) No stares for emergency exit.
6) No proper ventilation.
7) Missing specs.
8) Inconsistent information
9) Use of appropriate symbols
10) Impractical place allocation of facilities
11) The door has insufficient space for opening
12) Few elements are difficult to build.
13) Software incompatibility
14) Undersized spaces somewhere

(Straus, 2017)
(c)Critique a body of construction information, identifying errors and discrepancies.
Errors and discrepancies in constructions project: -
1) Neglecting the creep effect
2) The improper provision in deflection
3) Construction errors
4) Insufficient Joint travel.
5) Raw materials not compatibless
6) Poor structural design
7) Frequent section changes
8) Stress generated in pipes and columns
(Gardei, 2018)
(d) Propose corrections to construction drawings and specifications using industry
standard forms of notation.
Industry standard forms of notation are: -
1) Multiplication sign
2) The thousand marker
3) Notation
4) Decimal marker
5) Units( mm, Newton, m2, etc)

LO4 Assess ways in which construction professionals collaborate in the production of
construction information.
Task 4
(a)Assess the types of information produced by different participants in a construction
project. Using the current project as a case study.
The different participants in a constructions project are: -
Architect: - It plays an important role in construction as the architects are responsible for the
visual model of the building before it is made. They are appointed by the client itself for
developing a facility according to the client’s requirement without affecting the creativity and
the aesthetics of the design. Using building law and regulations an architect develops a design
to satisfy the client by their creativity. The designer will keep on improvising the design until
both the designer and the client are satisfied. Architect produces the construction information
like construction drawing, Cost and time estimation chart and construction contracts.
Civil Engineer: - The major role of a civil engineer is to create, protect and improve the
environment where we live with suggestions for the construction plans, design and
construction oversee and building maintenance and infrastructure such as railways, roads,
airports, dams, power plant, sewerage system, etc. it falls under two categories such as
contracting engineer and consulting engineer. Information produced by a civil engineer is
equipment and material, deliveries and purchases scheduling, complex calculations, resolving
problems related to design. A civil engineer is responsible for charting the skeleton of the
house.
Contractor: - A contractor prepares the labour base to continue with the construction work
and supervise them. For the labour many contacts with the contractor who decides the daily
wage of the labour. The labour cost covers the maximum part of the cost for construction of
the building. Time and cost management chart is prepared by the contractor. (Jin et al., 2017)
Electrician: - An electrician looks over the drawing of the building and prepares the sections
where an electrical cable line will be spread. It helps in electrical fittings and decoration the
house.
Plumber: - A plumber role in a construction project is to decide from where the pipeline will
be distributed and the costing associated with the materials and the installation is decided by
the plumber.

Client: - A client is responsible for selecting the decision and approaches to manage various
aspects of health and safety in construction. The crucial decision in the construction project is
made by the client. A client prepares the list of requirements according to which the architect
and engineer proceed with their work to satisfy the client. The client is provided with every
information so that he can make some important decisions when required.
Owner: - Managing is the most important role of the owner in making the success of the
project. After seeing all aspects, it is up to the owner to start the project or not. The owner is
responsible for analysing, identifying, controlling and mitigating project risks. Including
modification and even, it may lead to the termination of the project. (Cochrane, 2019)
(b) Examine the relationship between different bodies of information and how they work in
conjunction.
Owner: -firstly an owner plans to construct a building for a different purpose and prepare a
business plan. Then the owner allocates different stakeholder their position during the project
preparation such a business planning team, construction team, etc. owner is responsible for
the important decisions to start the project to terminate it. They hire an architect to convert
their vision into a drawing
Architect: -An architect is responsible for the design of the building. An architect listens to
the requirements of the client and using its knowledge and creative skills he prepares various
drawings. From which one is selected by a mutual discussion of the architect and the owner.
Civil engineer: - A civil engineer comes to action after the drawing is over. Its major role is
to take a few effective decisions to maintain the environment condition and prepares best as
per the client’s demand. After this as engineer contact the contractor which is also a main
body of the project.
Contractor: -The contractor comes to action when the construction is about to start as the
contractor have huge labour base required for the construction and their supervision is under
him only.
(Jaiswar, 2012)
(c)Compare the roles of CAD and BIM in the collaborative production of construction
information.
CAD