Construction Practice and Management: Industry Analysis & Processes

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the construction industry, examining company structures, activities, and the evolution of professionalism within its structures. It details the scope and linkages between various parties involved in a construction organization, including owners, authorities, project managers, consultants, contractors, suppliers, and surveyors. The report identifies different types of contractual work tendered by contractors and explores the relationship between various construction organizations, such as public limited, private limited, and sole traders. It discusses the key stages in a construction project and how Building Information Modelling (BIM) informs these stages, highlighting modern construction processes and sequences that respond to sustainability needs. Furthermore, the report analyzes how the construction industry has developed collaboration strategies to support greater recognition of health and safety, including government legislation and the role of communication in ensuring safe working practices. The report uses the example of renovating an old furniture company into a new Junior school building to illustrate these concepts.

Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
LO1 Describe the construction industry with reference to company structures and other
activities...........................................................................................................................................3
P1 Explain how the construction industry has developed and encompassed professionalism
within its structures......................................................................................................................3
P2 Demonstrate the scope and linkage between all parties within a construction organization. 4
P3Identify the type of contractual work tendered by contractors................................................6
LO2 Explain different types of construction companies in the market and their relationships
within the tendering process............................................................................................................7
P4 Identify the different types of construction companies in the market....................................7
P5 Explain the relationship between different construction organizations.................................8
LO3 Discuss the key stages in a construction project, and how Building Information Modelling
informs the different stages.............................................................................................................9
P6 Identify, with examples, modern construction processes and sequences used within today’s
industry, highlighting the way they respond to sustainability needs...........................................9
P7 Explain contract planning techniques used within micro and macro projects.....................11
P8 Identify where BIM impacts upon operations and construction companies........................12
LO4 Analyse how the construction industry has developed suitable collaboration strategies in
support of greater recognition of health & safety..........................................................................13
P9 Explain how health & safety has now become an integrated part of the construction
process.......................................................................................................................................13
P10 Describe the government legislation which has benchmarked health & safety within
construction................................................................................................................................13
P11 Discuss the role of collaboration and communication in ensuring safe working practices.
...................................................................................................................................................14
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................15
References......................................................................................................................................16

List of figures
Figure 1: Simple example of parties in construction.......................................................................6
Figure 2: Precast Flat Panel System (Source: Metromont, 2016).................................................10
Figure 3: 3D Volumetric Modules (Source: Chapmantaylor, 2018).............................................11
Figure 4: Twin Wall Technology (Source: Keeganprecast, 2019)................................................12

Introduction
In this report, construction industry which deals with various construction activities, projects,
building and structures has been discussed to improve the knowledge and awareness about
construction industry, process, operation and different rules and regulations designed for the
execution of construction process and plan in proper managed way with the help of an example
of renovation of old furniture company into new Junior school building. Different techniques and
contracts available in construction industries have been discussed in this report.
The main aim of this report is to provide knowledge and awareness about the construction
industry and their working process as well as different organizations involved in the
construction.

LO1 Describe the construction industry with reference to company structures
and other activities.
P1 Explain how the construction industry has developed and encompassed
professionalism within its structures.
Construction industry plays an important role in the development of an industry, different public
as well as government sectors and infrastructures of the country. In other words, it helps in
economic growth of industries as well as the country and also provides various employment
opportunities. It consists of various activities such as the construction of buildings, roads, and
various engineering projects. It involves different sectors which are categories into three major
sectors.
 Construction sector
 Engineering sector
 Trade sector
History and development of the construction industry: Evolution of construction was done
from ancient times when different structures were made by the human being with the help
natural resources. With the change in time, different techniques and researches were introduced
for the construction. As a result, the construction industry evolved as one of the largest
developing industry for the growth of any country by the development of roads, structures,
buildings, etc.
From last 20 years, it plays an important role in the revolutionary change of growth and economy
of the various countries with the development of various tools, machines as well as techniques
which attract a large number of companies and industries to invest their capital in the field of
construction resulting in the development of various construction industries.
Professionalism in the construction industry: Professionalism means unique & expert
knowledge and good qualification in a particular field (Fellows 2003). Involvement of
professionalism in the construction industries plays an important role in the development of
various construction activities and large projects. It helps in proper management and

development of the projects. The three major professionals involved in the construction industry
are given below.
Architect: It includes different professionals with expert knowledge and various ideas to
generate basis structure and design of the school building and different facility areas.
Engineer: It includes different branches of engineering such as soil engineering, civil
engineering, etc. to construct the best building for the school taking care of all the safety majors.
Quantity Surveyor: It includes different professionals to check the quality of work, planning,
and construction in order to avoid different risks and correct the defaults.
All these three professionals help in the best planning and development of the various
construction activities including different steps to check the quality of construction and avoid
major risks during construction.
P2 Demonstrate the scope and linkage between all parties within a construction
organization.
Construction industry consists of various parties for the construction of any building or the
project. All these parties are correlated with each other’s starting from the initialization of the
project to the finalization of the project with the help of various qualified professionals and
expert knowledge (Anyanwu 2013). Different parties involved in the construction of a school
building is explained below.
 Owner
 Authorities
 Project manager
 Consultant and engineers
 Contractor or builder
 Supplier
 The Surveyor
Role of different parties involved in construction is given below.

Owner: It is also known as the client for whom project will be developed and designed. It is the
main operator of the project which helps in planning and finance of the project.
Authorities: Their main role is to create the proper documentation and approvals from different
departments in order to build the school building in the locality and the land with proper steps to
avoid any damage and risks for the natural environment as well as human being.
Project manager: A project manager must be highly qualified and knowledgeable to manage
the whole project, inspects materials supplied, quality of the materials in use, to watch various
works and the workers working on the site and the structure of the school building.
Consultant and engineers: It includes both consultant and engineering works related with the
school building such as electrical engineers, soil engineers, civil engineers, etc. who use their
knowledge to help with the best design of school building and other structures of the building
including the overall cost estimation.
Contractor or builder: It is also an important part of the construction as all the physical
constructions of the school building are done by the builder.
Supplier: Different suppliers play an important role in the construction of the school building by
supplying construction materials, electrical materials, furniture, etc.
The Surveyor: It helps in the surveying of the whole project and construction of building at
different stages such as bill generation, quality of materials, quality of work, correct
measurements and others works. It helps in the analysis of the commercial and economic value
of the project or the school building before and after completion of the work (Anyanwu 2013).

Figure 1: Simple example of parties in construction
P3Identify the type of contractual work tendered by contractors.
Tender: The word render means an offer for work or any project at a price. The process of
tendering in construction means to offer the construction work to various contractors at a price in
order to estimate the overall cost of the project. It can be done in-between various contractors,
suppliers to supply different materials required for the construction and consultants (C. Patilp, P.
Waghmarep & Gawande 2016). Different type of tenders used in construction is given below.
 Open tender
 Selective tender
 Two Stage Selective Tender
 Negotiation Tender
 Term Tender
Nowadays, the tendering process is done with both traditional as well as online (E-Tender).
Different methods are used for the process of tender in construction projects by the government
as well as public sectors using E-Tender and traditional tenders.

LO2 Explain different types of construction companies in the market and
their relationships within the tendering process.
P4 Identify the different types of construction companies in the market.
Construction companies: There are various companies available in the market to deals with the
construction works and projects such as small renovation contractors, builders, real estate
developer and many others which take the offer to design, develop or renovate any building,
structure, and projects. All these companies are owned by different individuals to do business
with different project owners and contractors in order to provide the supply of materials,
construction, management, the design of the building, etc. in terms of price. Different companies
for construction industry available in the market are given below (Mishra 2018).
Real estate companies: These construction companies develop constructions for their own use
and to sell to different individuals once the construction has been done.
Renovation companies: These are small construction companies who perform small works like
renovation, redesigning, alteration or to make small changes in building, office and other
structures.
General contractors: These companies consist of various expert individuals to design, construct
or make any alteration in both small or large buildings and structures.

Owner-builder companies: These construction companies differ from contractors and construct
various building either for their own use or to sell.
Package builders: These construction companies include various activities such as the
acquisition of the land, legal services, construction of the building and financing the whole
project of construction.
Sponsor builders: These construction companies mainly take part in government works in
which all the works starting from planning to finalization of the project is managed by the
Sponsor builder company itself.
Professional construct manager: These companies consist of one or more than one individual
to in order to complete small tasks in the construction or building project and managed by their
own staff.
P5 Explain the relationship between different construction organizations.
An industry consists of various organizations in order to develop and grow their business in the
market. In the same way, the construction industry also consists of various organizations such as
Public Limited, Private Limited, Sole traders, etc. All these organizations are interconnected with
each other to complete different functions like financial management, the design of the
construction, etc. First of all, the construction project of the school building was decided by the
client to renovate an old furniture factory into new Junior School building which hires consultant
which might be from different construction companies such as “Public Limited companies and
Private Limited companies”. These companies develop the basic design and development
model for the school building as well as the estimated cost of construction including legal
formalities. Then different tenders are opened for various contractors for the construction,
electrical & mechanical work and suppliers of the material. Different organizations such as “Sole
trader and Holding companies” take part to complete the construction of building, electrical &
mechanical works and to provide supply for the materials required in the construction of junior
school building (Modern methods of construction 2016).

LO3 Discuss the key stages in a construction project, and how Building
Information Modelling informs the different stages.
P6 Identify, with examples, modern construction processes and sequences used
within today’s industry, highlighting the way they respond to sustainability needs.
Modern construction process: With the development of new techniques and various industries
in the field of construction, construction industry have various objections such as low profit
margin, increase in complexity of project, tough competition in the market and others resulting in
development of various modern techniques to be used in construction of building and structures
(Antunes & Gonzalez 2015). Different modern methods and processes of construction are given
below.
 Precast Flat Panel System
 3D Volumetric Modules
 Flat Slab Construction
 Precast Cladding Panels
 Concrete Wall and Floors
 Twin Wall Technology
 Precast Concrete Foundation
 Concrete Formwork Insulation
Precast Flat Panel System: In the construction process, wall and floor units are constructed off-
site in different factories.

Figure 2: Precast Flat Panel System (Source: Metromont, 2016)
3D Volumetric Modules: It is also known as modular construction. In this process, a 3-D unit is
developed in a factory and then transported to the construction site for the use.
Figure 3: 3D Volumetric Modules (Source: Chapmantaylor, 2018)
Flat Slab Construction: In this process, flat slabs are constructed in different factories which
are used in the construction of buildings and other structures resulting in saving the construction
time.
Precast Cladding Panels: In this process, one construction material is layered over another in
order to provide control over infiltration in the structures and buildings.

Precast Concrete Foundation: In this process, the foundation of the construction are developed
off-site in a factory which is directly assembled at the construction site after transportation from
the factory to the construction site.
Twin Wall Technology: In this process, two separate walls are constructed a parallel to each
other with a gap in between them which are filled by concrete.
Figure 4: Twin Wall Technology (Source: Keeganprecast, 2019)
Role of MMC in sustainable construction: In the field of construction, sustainability needed in
order to gain more profit, save time as well as materials required in the construction and avoiding
wastage of the materials. All these are fulfilled by the modern method of construction (MMC)
with the help of new invented techniques and tools in the construction of the building. Different
techniques used in MMC for the sustainability of construction which are given below.
 Construction of a large number of structures in a factory under controlled condition and
environment to achieve high-quality construction.
 Proper management of construction and materials in order to avoid wastage.
 Taking care of the environment surrounding the construction site.
 Reducing energy at the construction site with the help of lean manufacturing.
 Selecting proper materials to be used in the construction.