Construction Practice & Management Report - HNC/HND, 2019/20, Module 4

This report provides a comprehensive overview of construction practice and management, addressing key aspects of the industry. It begins with an executive summary highlighting the importance of the construction industry in economic growth, followed by an analysis of the industry's development, encompassing professionalism, company structures, and contractual relationships. The report explores different types of construction companies, their features, and their relationships within a project. It delves into contract types, tenders, and their differentiation, along with the evolution of construction techniques and the impact of mechanization and technology. Modern construction processes, including project conception, design, and procurement, are examined, emphasizing their response to sustainability needs. The report also covers contract planning techniques for various project scales and concludes with a summary of the key findings and references.

CIVIL ENGINEERING
By Name
Course
Instructor
Institution
Location
Date

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive summary.........................................................................................................................2
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................13
Task 4.............................................................................................................................................18
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................23
References......................................................................................................................................24

Executive summary
Construction industry is a very crucial industry in contributing to the economic growth of
different nations. The industry is divided into three categories i.e. Building construction,
infrastructure construction and special trade construction. The organization of the construction
industry discusses the planning and arrangement of the duties, and also the functional reporting
relationships between and within the given duties
TASK 1
(a) Explain how the construction industry has developed and encompassed professionalism
within its structures.
Increase in complexity of a client’s demands and increase in the complexity of industrial and
civil engineering together with other construction work, efforts and other scientific
advancements has ensued improvement and increased specialization in the building and
construction industry (Finkel, 2018, p. 112). The authorities and experts linked within the
industry came up as with other skills such as;
 Quantity surveying
 Architect
 Mechanical Engineering
 Structural Engineering
 Acoustic
 Security (Barber, 2014, p. 65)

b) Demonstrate the scope and linkage between all parties within a construction
organization. In general and with respect to the scenario provided.
There are many interrelationships which exist within the construction industry as shown
below.
A solid line shows a contractual interrelationships between parties. A dotted line in the figure
above shows a communication link. All the relationships shown in the figure above are not
absolute changes somewhat and are dependent on the project's nature (Styhre, 2011, p. 86). The
relations in the given scenario are as per the figure above.
(c) Identify different types of contractual work tendered by contractors and justify the use
of the specific type of tender for the given industrial complex scenario.
Some of the work contracted so as to be tendered include;
 Designing works

 Supply works
 Pilling (Ofori, 2016, p. 135).
There are four different types of contracts used in the building and construction industry. They
include;
 Fixed price/lump sum contract
 Cost plus contract
 Time and materials
 Unit pricing contracts (Ryley & Goodwyn, 2013, p. 129)
For the given scenario fixed price contract type is the ideal type of a contract, because the project
scope for the given scenario is well defined.
(d) Analyse how the construction industry has developed overall in terms of company
structures, its employees and contracted work. Justify the company structure you will choose
for the current scenario.
Construction industry is the process of planning duties, operations and reporting interactions
between and within the given duties. Numerous duties and roles in the industry include
purchasing, marketing, duties before construction, construction and finance operation. Generally
such a corporate structure is arranged according to the departments, functions, or responsibility
areas most suitable to the design of the organization. The figure below shows organization
structure in the construction industry (European Construction Institute, 2015, p. 13).

(e) Critically evaluate how construction companies have developed their structure and
business ethos. What is its impact on the scenario provided?
Below is the figure showing how building and construction companies have established their
structures and commercial ethos.

TASK 2
a. Identify the different types of construction companies in the market and the key features of
different types. Suggest the type of Construction Company for the given scenario and
justify its suitability.
General contractors
These are groups of companies that operate either in buildings that are new or do work alteration.
The building constructor is a representative of the work that is done while reforming contractors.
Mostly, they depend on specialize in public works. (Langford & Retik, 2018, p. 263)
Small renovation construction
Such a company usually works on a construction that requires small capital amounts and the type
of the work does not require high estimations or a large building. Such companies often execute
home modifications and small profitable office work. They are mostly situated at home. (Best &
Valence, 2013, p. 376)
Real Estate Contractors
These contractors work in private possession buildings. They can also construct buildings for
sale before or after the project is completed. One and two family home builder’s square measure
enclosed during the construction. (Merritt, 2016)
Professional Construction Manager
These are professional construction managers who execute the characteristics needed while
building the project. They provide all the personnel needed in building and construction.
Program Manager

A construction manager or a general constructor expands services by giving efforts on program
management as these services enhance embrace, demolition of existing buildings on the site,
devising and providing analysis of new buildings. (Schwartz, 2011, p. 173)
Package Builder
These are package builders that use their employees of architects and engineers as well as
construction personnel. Most of these package builders subcontract the look portion for freelance
architects or engineers.
The categories of contracts work in assembling for private possession which is applying in the
above scenario. They may as well build houses for sale before or after completion of the project.
(Chang & Bahar, 2015, p. 834)
b. Explain the relationship that may exist between the companies working on the
construction project.
Engender Trust with Building Owner
Integrity establishment and confidence is essential in the development and success of every
project. Initially, construction corporations and owners should show that they are always acting
in good faith. The contractors should also show the same. (Mueller, 2014, p. 159)
Objectives amongst Building Development Team Members
Team members ought to institute and agree upon objectives. Contractors, owners and other
relevant teams should agree and decide on the first and last priorities for the project. The various
priorities existing between them should be compatible.
Planning and Collaborating with Project Owners

Contractors should always engage the owner of the building or a representative in direct and well
planned meetings with the building team (Kazi, 2016, p. 277). Coordination and bond can
develop if it is developed and conducted regularly. This can enhance minimal confrontations.
Form Continuous Communication among stakeholders
Poor communication mostly influences faults and accidents on building and construction works.
Every project should have a proper communication plan and strategies. Knowledge and
technology should be joined to influence the efforts of communication and this enables good
communications easy dialogs.
Brings about Performance
Performance can either harden or terminate relationships in the long run. Clients usually want to
feel vital. They usually rate the level of alarm for them by the company’s performance at all
stages. (Edison Electric Light Company Vs. F.P. Little Electrical Construction and Supply
Company Et Al: On Letters Patent, 2015, p. 174)
c. Analyse the link which connects construction companies.
The figure below shows different links which connects construction companies

(d) Compare the main factors which differentiate between construction company contracts
and tenders.
A tender
A tender is the process of providing an offer that’s used in work performance for the
forthcoming payment.
Tender forms and documents can’t be given to or offered to a lot of contractors to acquire the
lowest quotations for the job stated. Contract forms and documents are signed up with the
contractor having tender rates which are very low.
The documents of tender can’t be given or deferred as the acceptance letter.
A tender document binds the contractor to start the work.
Documents Contract
Contract documents is an agreement between the proprietor or party and the contractor to
implement the specified jobs contained in the tender documents.
The documents of the contract document can be given or deferred as the acceptance letter.
A contract document can bind the contractor to do the work as indicated in the agreement.
Mechanization
This was the first introduction of hydraulic and air-filled devices during the mid-19th to late-19th
century. It steered the formation of earth-moving equipment and other machines which are now
normal in our industries. This helps in increasing productivity and saves on time for production
(Civil Engineering Research Foundation, 2011, p. 58).
Computer-Aided Design
When computer aided design developed, they changed the construction sector forever. Design,
for the first time, clashes during the design phase were rendered visible. This design is used to

produce productivity in drawing and database for the purpose of construction, hence letting in
increase in use of prefabrication and flexible use of technology in construction.
Construction Data Management
It is sustainable, impressively adaptable, allowing architects, engineers, contractors, and
subcontractors to collaborate on the final information of project and building by using the same
record and computer model.
Cell phone Devices
Mobile devices technology has changed the building industry in numerous ways. BIM models
permit sharing and collaboration that drawings cannot do. Cloud founded tools like BIM
partnership can faultlessly occur transversely in all disciplines in the plan as cloud access plan
groups to proceed the office to the field.
Construction of Modular
Modules are prepared with the same provisions and deliberated to the same values as structures
constructed on-site. This allows increased use of prefabrication and flexible building technology.
TASK 3
a. Identify, with examples, modern construction processes and sequences used within
today’s industry, highlighting the way they respond to sustainability needs in the
current scenario.
1. The conception of the project
This stage normally begins with the client. This is where the dreams start and also the research
for the specification which should be followed. For example the client will draft the brief of his
or her project.
2. Design stage