Construction Practice & Management Report - Semester 1, 2019/20

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of construction practice and management. It begins with an introduction to construction management and its importance, followed by an analysis of the evolution of the construction sector, including the history of professionalism and the roles of various professionals. The report examines the relationships between stakeholders, different types of tenders, and suitable company structures for large-scale projects. It also delves into the evolution of construction methods and the types of construction companies, comparing their roles and relationships. The report further explores modern construction procedures, including 3D volumetric construction, pre-cast foundation techniques, and hybrid concrete building techniques. Various project planning techniques such as brainstorming, cause and effect diagrams, and the critical path method are discussed. Finally, the report concludes with a discussion on the development of health and safety strategies in the construction industry, emphasizing the importance of risk assessment and mitigation. The report incorporates real-world scenarios and case studies to illustrate the practical application of these concepts, making it a valuable resource for students and professionals alike. The report also includes a discussion on the importance of health and safety strategies in the construction industry.

Construction Practice &
Management

Contents
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.............................................................................................................................................3
Task 1......................................................................................................................................................3
Task 2......................................................................................................................................................6
Task 3......................................................................................................................................................8
Task 4....................................................................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
The construction practice and management is one of the key element for success of a
project. The term construction management can be defined as a specialized service which uses
different kinds of techniques and methods of project management (Blaisi, 2019). The objective
of using these techniques is to keep an extra sight of eye over planning, strategies and execution
of various kinds of tasks of project. This report is based on company who is going to change
their structure so that they can take large scale non-domestic projects. The report covers detailed
information about analysis of construction industry, stages of construction projects along with
development of this industry in collaboration of health & safety strategies.
MAIN BODY
Task 1
a) Analysis of evolution of construction sector along with competence in framework.
History of professionalism in construction industry: History of professionalism has been seen in
this world from the dawn of civilization. But relating to the construction sector, professionalism
determines in initial stages of 2nd World Battle in 1942. It was during inspecting documents
unconfined by the U.S. Naval Moveable Structure Mass Five, Control Accounts, the mass
acquired a standing for capability and reliability through the Second World War. They have
constructed airstrips, clinics, bridges, highways, and received assistance in about any area of the
globe for humanitarian and crisis restoration.
In this initial time period, almost each part of construction project was performed by builders and
contractors in construction industry (Jackson, 2020). With encompasses of time, various
professionals evolved in this industry in order to complete projects in more effective manner.
Professionals in Construction Industry: The extremely skilled and well-trained experts lead to the
effective execution of projects in the construction sector, beyond their unique expertise and
experience. The construction industry has few core specialists, known as Engineers, Project
Managers etc.
(b) Analysis of relation between various stakeholders of a construction company.

In the construction companies, there are a range of parties which are mentioned actively in order
to complete different tasks and objectives. Each party has a link with each other. Herein, below
some parties are mentioned in relation to given scenario:
 Client and contractor- The client is a party that is procuring work to contractor. This
client can be a land owner or developer. While contractor is the person who is engaged
by client to complete a construction project. Such as in the above scenario, client is a
private investor who want different kinds of buildings and factories. While contractor is
the person who will complete this project.
 Designer and contractor- There is crucial relationship between these parties in order to
complete the construction project in an effective manner. The designer is a person who
prepares a layout in which project will be completed (Meng, 2019). This is essential for
designer to make proper coordination with contractor so that modifications can be done.
As in the above scenario, designer will have to prepare layout about factories along with
space covered by each building. This layout must be discussed with contractor by
designer or engineer.
(c) Analysis of different tenders and use of a particular tender for given aspect.
An offer to do research or to deliver products at a set price may be considered a tender. Initiation
of a tendering mechanism in which eligible contractors are encouraged to apply sealed tender for
the construction or supply of relevant, specifically identified products or services within a
prescribed timeline. There are different types of contractual work tendered by contractors such
as:
 Open tender- The important tendering methods used by both the régime and the
commercial segment are exposed tendering. The company advertises in the local
newspaper the tender bargain offering details and essential facts regarding the strategic
works and inspiring possible contractors to apply.
 Selective tender- The selective tendering procedure for building projects is a before the-
selection of vendors to accept proposals depending on the documents and quantity survey

of the project if offered (Ghaffar, Burman and Braimah, 2020). The planner is then met
with an appraisal report to determine which contractor to hire.
 Negotiated tender- The employer obtains negotiated tenders allowing a contractor of
his/her choosing to offer rates for a project. It is typically for advanced tasks, or where
new equipment is required as an expansion to ongoing activities, or for more research
during a prior deal.
From above tenders, in the context of given scenario negotiated tender can be applied. This is so
because under this tender, owner will have range of alternatives of contractor along with their
prices. It will help in choosing an effective contractor to client for given scenario.
(d) Analyze of construction sectors’ development in context of structure and work.
The construction industry has been industrialized in accordance of structure of companies. This
change became in industry year by year. In the starting phase, majority of tasks of a project were
performed by an individual without considering structure of company. In regards to above
scenario, the structure of company should be functional organizational structure. The rationale
behind choosing this structure is that project is larger that consists preparation of 20 buildings. In
this aspect above structure will be suitable in order to breakdown the tasks of project in sub tasks
that will reduce complexity.
(e) Evolution of ways in which construction sector has been developed?
In recent time period, construction companies have industrialized their arrangement and business
philosophy which is impacting construction projects in a positive manner. Due to a systematic
structure, this becomes easier for companies to assign different tasks of project to individuals in
accordance of their skills and competencies. In the context of given scenario, proposed structure
is functional structure that will impact the project in an effective manner. By help of this
managed structure, it will be easier for client to understand progress of each tasks and activity as

well this will contribute to contractor to deal with obstacles that may occur during project
compilation.
Task 2
(a) Analysis of various kinds of construction companies.
There are a range of construction companies in the market which operates on various kinds of
projects. It depends on nature and size of project in order to select a company. Underneath some
construction companies are mentioned such as:
 Civil Engineering Company- The mechanical constituents such as base, structural steel,
concrete desks are constructed by a civil engineering company. While a construction firm
simply builds a structural engineering constructed framework. A civil engineering
business will normally only have engineering and observing services.
 Construction contracting company- A general contractor, primary contractor or main
contractor company is liable for the day-to-day operation of a worksite, the
administration of contractors and trades, and the exchange of details to all parties
concerned in a building project (Gransberg and Rueda, 2020). This type of company
involves preparation of larger construction sites.
 Heavy engineering and construction company- This type of company is chosen for social
and government projects. Such as preparation of road, highways, bridge etc. are taken by
such companies.
 Industrial infrastructure companies- Industrial Infrastructure companies includes
construction of house, office complex, water dock, waterfront or port services, structures,
machinery, equipment and related amenities and many more.
In the aspect of above scenario, construction contracting company is suitable. This is so because
by these companies are purely tailor made for preparing large construction sites such as building
factories, industries. Thus, client of above project should go with this company.
(b) Analysis of link between different business working on construction sites.

There is a connection between different corporations which are involved in working on
construction projects. Below this is explained in such manner:
 Relationship between civil Engineering Company & heavy engineering and construction
company- There is great relationship between these two companies as both are involved
in preparing those projects which are related to civil aspect. These companies do not
construct project like industrial building preparation, house building etc.
 Relationship between construction contracting company & industrial infrastructure
companies- The main relation between these both companies is that they are tend to take
large construction projects. These companies do not consider any small project such as
housing project. They take project like construction of bridges, roads and highways.
(c) Analyze the connection which attaches construction businesses.
The link among different types of construction companies is that all are involved in constructing
any project that can be larger or smaller. The key aspect that makes these companies interrelated
is that all of them try to complete the project in a particular time period and cost. Though, these
companies are different in terms of taking project that can be of industrial, government etc. but
all are focused on building or renovating construction projects.
(d) Comparison between tenders and construction businesses.
There are a range of factors that create differentiation between construction company contracts
and tenders (Shojaei and Haeri, 2019). The difference between these is related to consideration
of type of project, size of project etc. In construction company contracts, the contracts can be
larger in size while tenders are released of a small construction. In addition, construction
company contracts are released by private companies mostly while tenders are released by
government companies.
Task 3
a) Analysis of modern construction procedure.

Construction practices have undergone substantial facelift in recent years with the effective
usage of emerging technology to boost the construction's efficiency rating. Underneath some
processes are mentioned such as:
 3D Volumetric Construction- Using this modular design system, 3D systems are executed
utilizing appropriate design and building resources in managed factory settings.
Assembled systems are shipped to site for installation in various packages, simple
structural frames or final touched-up systems with all the facilities added. Blocks may be
easily installed at the site and structural assets such as flame retardant, sound resistivity,
solar heating etc. are maintained.
 Pre-cast foundation technique- Fundamentals may be designed from precast concrete
modules that are assembled in a manufacturing plant which can be of good standard
(Owusu, Chan and Shan, 2019). The power is given by intertwined concrete piles to the

foundation-related building materials. This method makes construction work even in
extreme weather and reduces mining operation.
 Hybrid concrete building technique- This technique speeds up building time by
combining the benefits of tangible pre-casting with the in-situ building. Performance
advances, while building costs plummet. Hybrid concrete frameworks are simple to
install, efficient in design and with good efficiency.

In the context of above scenario, they can use pre-cast foundation process. This is so
because it is less costly and efficient method for construction. In addition, another reason
for applying this technique is that it is suitable for large projects and in above scenario
there is huge project of building 20 industrial factories.
(b) Description of various techniques used in construction projects.
There are different kinds of planning techniques which are used in micro and macro projects.
Mainly there are four types of techniques that are as follows:
 Brainstorming technique- Brainstorming, is the name that a group of people gathers when
they meet to create new ideas around a certain field of interest. Regulations to remove
barriers enable people to reflect more openly, and to expand into new aspects of
knowledge. In the aspect of project management, this technique is used in order to gather
new ideas and opinions for construction.

 Cause and effect diagram- This is also known as why-why diagram under it the issue
statement is typically placed at the head of the graph used to chart the source of the issue.
The issues are often seen as the goal to be achieved. The issue statement defines the
underlying factors by questioning "why." A specific declaration of problems that have
several root causes, and is put on every fishbone in the graph until it is complete.
 Critical path method- The crucial path of project management is the series of project
networking operations that continue for the longest time, irrespective of whether the
maximum span of time is floating or not.
 Gantt chart- The information related to different aspects of a project, is physically
conveyed in Gantt maps. They explain and identify the timeframes of all the activities
involved in a project. It becomes easier for managers to know about estimated time
period for each activity.
From above mentioned techniques, in the context of given scenario Gantt chart method can be
used. This is so because, it will breakdown all activities of above project. As well as given
scenario is related to constructing 20 factories than there will be more activities. By help of this
method, all activities will be breakdown with estimated time period to complete.
(c) Analyze of effect of BIM on construction businesses.
BIM (Building information model) has so far recognized to be the pivot of the construction
sector and has simplified and facilitated the effective operations of the design, the construction
and facilities management. BIM allows it easy for engineers to plan and control their jobs,
measure cost and take charge of activities in general (Chen and Lu, 2019). In todays’
environment it's not so easy to build a project, there's a range of goes behind constructing one
part. A project needs a thorough review process and a quick and correct decision-making process
which offers the best outcomes for a program to be completed. Many teams and divisions share
in the planning and implementation of one building program that might cost a corporation a
whole project by neglecting a single group. In order to directly solve the issue, BIM plays an
important part to promoting collaboration and streamlining the operation while ensuring vendors

and project managers meet their goals. In the context of current scenario BIM can contribute in
an effective manner in order to complete the project of building 20 industries. This can become
possible because of proper communication and collaboration among team members for project.
(d) Analyze of ways in which construction sector have been evolved.
In recent time period, construction industry has been developed in an effective manner which is
contributing as effective compilation of projects. This becomes possible because of BIM
because, it ensures that all tasks and activities are progressing in a planned manner. As well as it
suggests to contractors that which method they should implement in process of construction.
Such as in the context of above scenario, connection between construction activities and BIM
can benefit to client as well as contractors. This is so because of implementation of more
innovative and latest technologies in order to broad the project in given time period and cost.
Task 4
(a) Analysis of link between safety acts and construction procedures.
Safety and health are major problems in all British sectors, but they are especially relevant in the
construction industry because in this sector, there are four times more chances of accident on
sites (Ortiz, Pellicer and Molenaar, 2019). Below some reasons are mentioned that states that
demonstrates link between safety acts and construction procedures:
 Working on heights- In the last 5 years, working at heights caused nearly 50% of deaths
at the construction industry. It involves the possibility of continuing to work on railings,
which would be a major risk factor for a building site.
 Equipment and tools- Machinery and tools are offering labors three times more problems
on building sites. Due to larger tools, there become possibility of higher risk of accident
and deaths.
So these are some key reasons due to which health & safety has now become a combined portion
of the construction procedure. The main objective is to protect employees’ health and safety at
work place.

(b) Description of government rules that are benchmarked of health act in construction sectors.
For any construction activity health and welfare is an essential factor. Not only to maintain the
labor force secure, but also to comply with legislation. There are different kinds of government
legislation which are mentioned below in such manner:
 Health and safety at work act 1974- The Act specifies overall roles for directors,
workforce, retailers, builders of resources and amenities for usage of the work, entities of
care of labor amenities, and others who work and retain them, as well as citizens in
general. The main objective of this act is to ensure proper security of employees who
work at construction sites.
 Health and safety (First Aid) regulation act 1981- This act is related to provide adequate
first aid services to employees at work place. It states that this is the responsibility of an
employer to make proper availability of all essential things for labors that can be helpful
in the case of injury or accident on site.
(c) Importance of communication in assuring protective work place.
The importance of collaboration and communication is crucial for assuring safe working
practices. Below some key role are mentioned in such manner:
 Better transparency- There will be a clearer construction business by facilitating
cooperation and open communication (Fayek, 2020). This corresponds to laying the
foundation of confidence and transparency among the group. With that transparency there
will be better interactions and earnings. Like in the above scenario, there can be better
transparency among workers which can become possible by effective collaboration and
communication.
 Improved emergency response- Good coordination among staff in emergency situations
makes for quicker response times. When managers can easily share the message
employees can greatly prevent accidents and defeats. Such as in above construction

project, effective communication and collaboration can be useful in order to overcome
from emergency services in a quick manner.
(d) Analysis of ways in which construction sector gets benefits by variations in health & safety
act.
The construction industry has been enhanced due to change in legislation related to health and
safety. There are a range of new legislation which contribute in an effective manner to protect
health of employees (Lu, Bao and Zetkulic, 2019). These rules are not only beneficial for
employees but also employers are also get benefited by changes in legislations.
(e) Analysis of health & safety act along with its merits and demerits on construction businesses.
Due to health & safety legislations, construction industry has affected in positive manner, though
there some negative aspects too which need to be overcome (Voordijk and Vahdatikhaki, 2020).
The positive aspect is that by help of these legislations, it becomes easier for employers to keep
their employees protected and secure from risks on sites. The negative aspect is that there is lack
of inspection about implementation of correct legislation in construction sites due to which many
obstacles occurs.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of above project report, this can be concluded that construction industry has
been developed in an effective manner since some years. There are new and advanced
technology which are making construction projects easier and successful. In the market, there are
a range of companies related to construction which are applied as per the nature of project.
Along with availability of construction processes and methods is giving option to clients to
choose the best process for their project. The end part of report concludes that health & safety
legislation are giving security to employees and reducing risk of accidents on sites.

REFERENCES
Books and journal:
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pp.167-175.
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construction management. John Wiley & Sons.
Meng, X., 2019. Lean management in the context of construction supply chains. International
Journal of Production Research, 57(11), pp.3784-3798.
Ghaffar, S.H., Burman, M. and Braimah, N., 2020. Pathways to circular construction: An
integrated management of construction and demolition waste for resource
recovery. Journal of Cleaner Production, 244, p.118710.
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estimators, and owners. CRC Press.
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for construction projects: A grounded theory approach. Computers & Industrial
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Owusu, E.K., Chan, A.P. and Shan, M., 2019. Causal factors of corruption in construction
project management: An overview. Science and engineering ethics, 25(1), pp.1-31.
Chen, K. and Lu, W., 2019. Bridging BIM and building (BBB) for information management in
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p.04020064.
Lu, W., Chi, B., Bao, Z. and Zetkulic, A., 2019. Evaluating the effects of green building on
construction waste management: A comparative study of three green building rating
systems. Building and Environment, 155, pp.247-256.
Voordijk, H. and Vahdatikhaki, F., 2020. Virtual Reality learning environments and
technological mediation in construction practice. European Journal of Engineering
Education, pp.1-15.