Overcoming Failures in Construction Project Deliveries: A Study

This report investigates the failures in construction project deliveries and proposes strategies for overcoming them. The introduction outlines the research's background, rationale, aims, objectives, and research questions, setting the stage for an in-depth analysis. The literature review explores the concept of construction project deliveries, identifies the reasons for project failures (including inadequate planning, poor communication, and risk management issues), and discusses potential solutions. The research methodology section details the use of primary and secondary sources, a qualitative research method, and a questionnaire-based data collection approach involving 50 respondents. The data analysis and interpretation sections analyze the collected data to identify the key factors contributing to project failures and to evaluate the effectiveness of various mitigation strategies. The findings highlight the importance of proper planning, effective communication, and a proactive approach in ensuring project success. The conclusion summarizes the research findings and offers recommendations for project managers to improve project outcomes. The report emphasizes the need for clear project plans, risk management, and good relations among stakeholders to overcome challenges and achieve successful construction project deliveries. This report offers valuable insights for construction professionals aiming to improve project outcomes and ensure project success.

The failure in the
Construction Project
Delivery

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Overview of topic...................................................................................................................1
Background of the research....................................................................................................1
Rationale of research..............................................................................................................2
Research aim..........................................................................................................................2
Research objectives................................................................................................................2
Research questions.................................................................................................................2
Conceptual framework of research:........................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................5
Concept of construction project deliveries.............................................................................5
Reasons for failure of construction project deliveries............................................................8
Ways through which possibilities of failure in construction project deliveries can be reduced
................................................................................................................................................9
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................12
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION...........................................................................18
Data analysis.........................................................................................................................18
Data interpretation................................................................................................................21
FINDINDGS..................................................................................................................................23
CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION.....................................................................................32
Conclusion............................................................................................................................32
Recommendations................................................................................................................33
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................34
Appendices.....................................................................................................................................36

ABSTRACT
This research is conducted in order to understand reasons behind failure of construction
project and taking actions to manage it. There are some issues such as improper planning, lack of
experience to project manager, etc. which arise incompletion of construction project. In this
research, information is collected from primary and secondary sources and qualitative research
method is used. Number of respondents are 50 including employees at construction site and
project owners. Questionnaire is used to collect opinion and view of respondents. At last it is
analysed that with proper planning, communication technique, using pro- active approach it is
easy to complete project.

TITLE:
"The failures in construction project deliveries: how to overcome the failures and manage
them."
MAIN BODY OF DISSERTATION
INTRODUCTION
Overview of topic
Construction is a kind of work which is performed to build something such as building,
bridge, hall, etc. This is the way to transform land through clearing, excavating and grading to
build some structure or property, dam, road, etc. Construction requires different activities to get
positive outcome. It is important to understand relevance of each and every activity through
which construction can be best and effective (Ahiaga-Dagbui and Smith, 2014). In this research,
there is discussion about failures which are caused in construction projects and measures through
which it can be resolved. In addition, construction projects introduce as the organized effort to
build or construct a building or other organised structure in the area of architecture and civil
engineering, construction projects include the process or activity that belongs to tangibly
assembling a building or infrastructure. It incorporates different number of mini-projects because
it not an individual activity.
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Background of the research
Construction projects in large scale require human multitasking and sufficient amount of
capital. This dissertation is based on the failures in construction project deliveries and identify
different ways through which failure can be managed effectively. There are different reasons for
failure of construction projects, including, inadequate planning, failure to communicate, scope
creep & change orders, productivity problems & delays, poor management, risk management
gone wrong, no accountability, lack of visibility, ignoring red flags and many other. All these are
considered biggest issues in delivering of construction project which will impact on construction
industry in negative manner (Alzahrani and Emsley, 2013). Therefore, in order to overcome all
these failures of construction project, different ways should be followed by project manager such
as; review time cards and labour productivity, complete daily reports for job site visibility and
effective document control procedures. Thus, with the help of above ways impact of failure in
constriction project can be overcome and managed by the project manager.
Rationale of research
By conducting this research, it is easy for researcher to understand reasons of failure of
construction project. This area is of researcher's interest so this makes research more innovative
and creative. These days, there are many construction projects which gets failed because of
improper planning regarding activities and resources, so with this research, researcher is able to
understand reasons of construction project failure and to avoid them in near future. Therefore,
main reason behind selecting this topic or research is to identify the failures in construction
project deliveries and ways through which failure can be overcome and managed effectively. It is
a biggest topic that help an investigator to enhance their literature review skills, data analysis
knowledge and data collection skills (Dadfar, Brege and Sarah Ebadzadeh Semnani, 2013). Thus,
it will help them in its personal as well as professional development and growth. Along with this,
through this research, an investigator can easily increase awareness about the failure in
construction project amongst construction project manager in all over the world.
Research aim
“To evaluate the failures caused in construction project deliveries and ways to
overcome the failures and manage them.”
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Research objectives
 To understand the concept of construction project deliveries.
 To determine the reasons for failure of construction project deliveries.
 To ascertain the ways through which possibilities of failure in construction project
deliveries can be reduced.
Research questions
 Do you understand the concept of construction project deliveries?
 What are the reasons for failure of construction project deliveries?
 What are the ways through which possibilities of failure in construction project deliveries
can be reduced?
Conceptual framework of research:
It is most essential part of research which will help an investigator to identify structure or
framework of dissertation. In order to complete each activity of dissertation, different chapters
should be following by researcher. Important chapter for completion of dissertation are explain
as under:
Chapter 1: Introduction: It is a first chapter which includes accurate details about the
project. In this chapter, different number of sub-sections will be included such as; overview of
the research, background of the research, research aim, research questions and objectives,
rational of the research etc. Therefore, all these are considered main part of researcher, which
will help a researcher to do next chapter in effective and systematic manner (Forcada and et. al.,
2013).
Chapter 2: Literature Review: This is another main chapter for identifying accurate and
in-depth information about the failure in delivering of constriction project and also ways through
which failure can be reduced or managed effectively. In this chapter, different articles related to
the topic will be used by researcher with purpose to identifying gaps or conflict in previous
study.
Chapter 3: Methodology: For doing this section, various number of methods will be
needed by researcher such as primary and secondary research, qualitative and qualitative
research, sampling method, data collection tools etc. All these are considered essential methods
because with the help of this, they can easily collect reliable and valid data about the study
(Hwang and Ng, 2013).
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Chapter 4: Data analysis and interpretation: In this chapter, questionnaire will be made
by researcher in order to identifying main reason behind failure in construction project. With the
help of data analysis, an investigator can easily know response of respondents about the impact
of failure in construction project. Along with this, interpretation will be done with the help of
questionnaire. Thus, it is important chapter for completing research activities in systematic and
proper manner.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendation: It is a last chapter of dissertation which
will help a researcher in identifying main issues in construction project and ways related to
overcoming failure easily. In this section, some recommendation will be provided to project
manager about how to overcome failure in construction project.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review is the study of research objectives with the help of some author's point
of view and collect it in summarise form. It is a scholarly paper which covers the actual
understanding about substantive findings as well as methodological and theoretical contribution
to a specific area of research (Love, Lopez and Edwards, 2013).
Concept of construction project deliveries
Project delivery refers to the process of contracting and biding for construction. Project
delivery method is system used by individuals or owners for organising, financing and designing
construction and maintenance function of any structure. There are some terms and conditions
which is agreed by contractor and contracted under construction contract agreement.
Construction is long time process. There are different activities which has to be followed by
construction manager to get positive outcome. There are different types of construction project
delivery such as Design Bid Build, design build, build operate transfer, general contractor,
integrated project delivery, etc. These projects have their own plans and policies. So, in this case,
policies are required to be clear to parties of construction. It is important for project managers to
properly analyse factors and maintain some risk factor to get positive outcome. According to
Grace Elis, 2017, there are some factors such as budget, design, risk, schedule, owner expertise
which has to be considered by managers while planning for construction project. With
considering these points, possibilities of project failure are less and project is completed within
specified time and budget.
With managing projects in better and manner, it is easy to complete construction project
within specified time and budget. Construction work continues for longer period of time, so in
this case there are possibilities that resources gets affected. This affects working progress rate of
construction in negative manner so project might complete with imperfection. There are different
methods through which project can be planned. These are the ways in which some terms and
conditions on which project manager and contracted both agrees (Lock, 2016). Some methods of
project management are discussed as under-
Design- Bid- Build (DBB)- This is the oldest method which is used to create separation
between design and construction process. In this method, there is bidding of lowest construction
price. In this method initially, architect or engineer are hired for the purpose of making schedule
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and develop cost estimation. Cost is finalised through bidding and this finalise contractor for the
project. Engineer is responsible to select best bid and then with contract among constructor and
opposite party is done. This is the legal document which contains all the terms and conditions
about construction project and establish legal relations among contractor and contractee. In this
project, there are possibilities of increase in cost because of difference in budget set by engineer
and constructability in field. While bidding, if lowest price is quoted, then there are possibilities
of decrease in quality of project. So, this budget is best for the projects which are simple and
have limited budget with no time boundation.
Design Build (DB)- This is the method which is beneficial for projects which has less
time to be completed. Hence in this case party hires an individual or group of individuals in order
to complete project within specified time. In this project start and end date of project are clear in
advance to contractor. Hence it is responsibility of constructor or group of people to design and
finish construction work within time. Contractee has to divide proper roles and responsibilities
among them.
Construction manager at Risk (CMAR)- This is the method in which construction
manager is hired by individual for the purpose of construction, planning and responsible for risk
associate with project such as quality, proven track record, etc. Hence contractor is liable in case
of any damage. Cost of this project is generally high because risk, construction work and design
work are charged separately. These projects are charged with cost plus fixed fee structure and
cost of labour is pass on to contactee (Harrison and Lock, 2017). This contract method is used by
individual with trusted contactors because it is tough to set price in this type of project.
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)- In this method, there is joint collaboration between
architecture, contractor and contractee. So, they jointly conduct operations after setting aims and
objectives. In this method, there are more possibilities of getting efficiency because of team work
and risk gets reduced. This project management method is best for complex project planned by
private entities within specified time.
With the help of these project plans it is easy to make clear roles and responsibilities
which is specific for achieving aims and objectives. In construction project it is important that
there are good relations among contractee. This is crucial and relevant for understanding changes
which are taking place in components of project.
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According to Tyler Riddell, 2019 there are some steps which help to get correct and
positive outcome with construction project.
Project conception and initiation- This is the first step of construction project. In this
step, individual makes an overview of construction. They gather and analyse all the resources
such as expertise knowledge, designing, etc. It is important to collect information from the
trusted sources because construction project continues for longer time. There are two ways in
which evaluation of project can be done i.e. through feasibility study and business case
document. In feasibility study, analysis of goals, cost, time, etc. is done. While in business case
document, there is discussion about reason for starting project, financial advantage, etc. After
analysing all the factors, it is easy to understand clearly and in case project is impossible, then
idea gets cancel and proper planning has to be done.
Project Definition/ Planning- After approval of project, planning is done related to
resources required to conduct project. In this stage, there is legal contract which provide
information of type of project construction project, etc. This makes contract registered under
legal norms, so terms and policies are clear and understood by both the parties. Hence
possibilities of conflicts become nil. In this stage analysis is done regarding sources which are
required to complete project. In case of any issue, it has to be resolved in this stage such as time
to complete project, etc.
Project Launch/ execution- This is the one major step in construction project. In this
step, execution for conducting project activities has to be done. Contractor starts construction
work in this stage with consent of owner and joint efforts of team mates. In this stage it is
responsibility of project manager to make clear workers about their roles and responsibilities, so
duplication of activities is low and constructor has to regularly check growth rate of project and
quality of working.
Project Performance/ control- This is the stage in which evaluation of project is done.
There are possibilities of two outcome either positive or negative. In case of negative outcome,
reasons have to be identified and corrective actions has to be taken. There are possibilities of
change in external policies of society, so in this case it responsibility of project managers to
analyse its impact on research project and take corrective actions to avoid negative influence.
Project close- At last, after proper evaluation and control, projects gets complete within
specified time and budget. With following above all the steps, project manager can give
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satisfaction to owner. There is proper meeting among parties of project in which evaluation
details are explored which provides clear information about issues which arise while conducting
construction project.
Reasons for failure of construction project deliveries
Project failure is one of the major issues which arise while conducting project in
construction sector. There are some issues which are the reasons of construction project failure.
Due to these reasons project fails and result in wastage of financial as well human resources.
There are possibilities that dissatisfaction of client arises possibilities of disputes. According to
Michelle Symonds, 2019 some reasons are discussed which affects performance of project such
as lack of effective communication, no formal tools and strategies, improper distribution of
work, ineffective leadership, lack of experience and training, improper planning for risk
management, etc. These are the reasons due to which construction project may get failed.
Project manager, contractor, engineer, owner, team, mates, etc. are parties which are
directly related with construction project, so in this case in case of lack of their participation,
project may get fail. Apart from this project conducts in society, so there are some external
sources as well which affects project completion stages. According to Rosanne Lim, 2018 there
are some issues which results in failure of research project.
Poor preparation- In case of improper preparation there are some uncertainties arise
while conducting construction project which results in failure of project. For instance: while
conducting project, supplier of raw material, increase their price. This affects progress rate of
construction and it may lead to stoppage of work or exceed time deadline.
Bad Leadership- Construction project can be completed with the help of group of people.
There is requirement of number of labourers who conduct activities for completion of
construction project. So, it is important that they are guided. Engineer makes design of the
structure. For instance: engineer makes design for building house and labour and contractor does
not have knowledge about direction of room, hall, etc. Then project may get delay or structure
may get diluted with results in wastage of resources.
Inexperienced project manager- If project manager is inexperienced, then project cannot
complete with specified time and with good quality services. This increases failure of project. If
project manager does not have knowledge about resources required to conduct project, then
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individual is not able to set budget. Project manager does not have good relations with suppliers
which affects project completion rate.
Lack of communication- Communication is the key while conducting construction
project. In case of improper communication among Owner, engineer, project manager, etc. then
project might get fail. For instance: there is change in direction of room as per astrology and this
change does not communicated to project manager, building structure gets in wrong direction
and project might get fail.
Inappropriate documentation and tracking- Construction project runs for longer
duration of time, so documentation of terms and condition, resources, etc. affects completion of
project. If there is no clear documentation registered under legal norms, then project gets fail
because there is no legal enforcement in case of default.
Cultural and ethical misalignment- There are some cultural and ethical aspects which
has to be kept in mind by project manager. There is difference in cultural, ethical values of
individuals. So, it has to be valued. This makes everyone valuable for successful completion of
project. So, in case contractor does not give value to various cultural and ethical aspects, then
project may get fail.
While conducting risk, scope, cost, quality, resources, budget, schedule, etc. are
considered. If these factors are too considered, then project may get fail. Construction project
will be conducted for longer period of time, so in this case external changes takes place. If
constructor does analyse and accept those alterations, then this arises possibilities of failure of
project. There is requirement of good amount of finance to make building, house, dam, road,
bridge. In case there is lack of financial resources, then this might result in failure of project or it
gets delayed. There are possibilities that workers left work in between because of strike, lock out,
etc. Trade union are not ready to work, so this affects progress rate of construction project.
Quality of raw material which used to construct project so possibilities of project fail risk gets
lower.
Ways through which possibilities of failure in construction project deliveries can be reduced
In order to get positive impact on construction project. There are some techniques such as
proper planning which is important to get correct outcome. Construction project is time and cost
consuming, so project managers has to plan activities proper and communicate to workforce to
get positive outcome. According to Tyler Riddell, 2019 proper communication, planning,
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resources allocation, risk management, etc. are some strategies which helps to conduct project in
best manner. With these strategies, there are less possibilities of getting negative outcome.
Managers of construction site has to perform research with resources which are available with
them. There must be proper knowledge to work force through which they can perform activities
in best and relevant manner (Shehu, Endut and Akintoye, 2014). There are different types of
construction, so plans and policies related to project policies must be communicated with client
and then deliveries must be up to time. This reduces possibilities of failures of construction
project.
There is requirement of time and cost to construction project. So, it is important to plan
activities through which failure of project can be reduced. Construction is done of dam, well,
building, house, etc. So, in this case quality is one major aspect which makes project successful.
According to Rob Prinzo, 2019 there are some measures such as set realistic time, align work
stream, etc. which helps to reduce possibilities of project failure. Some of them are discussed as
under-
Identify the real issues- There are different issues which arise while conducting
construction project such as issue of legal aspect, worker's problems, etc. When such issues
arise., then actual reason behind it has to be analysed. When actual cause which creates hurdle is
clear then, it is easy to resolve with it. This makes project to complete within budget time and
cost successfully.
Set realistic time frame- There are different activities conducted while construction
project. So, to get positive results, it is responsibility of project manager to allot different time
frame to each activity. With allotting time to each activity, it is easy for workers to achieve it and
project manager can also analyse achievement of not. Hence in case any negative outcome, it can
resolve.
Setting small goals- Small objectives has to be set by contractor which are clear to
workers. With achieving these goals and objectives, it is easy to deduct errors and rectify it.
When small objectives are assigned to individuals, they are satisfied because they are evaluated
with regular interviews and possibilities of error is less.
Regular tracking project's progress- Engineer designs outlay of construction project,
then contractor plan to execute actions, so in this case there is regular tracking of operations of
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engineer. So, set benchmarks can be achieved. This also helps to provide satisfaction to owner,
that project is conducting in right direction.
Time is one of the major aspects which has to be kept in mind by project managers while
constructing project. So, strategies have to be formulated in order to complete task within
specified time. According to Rachel Novotny, 2019 there are five tips with the help of which
project will be completed within specified time.
Contract- Contract is the agreement between contractor and contractee. With this terms
and policies, type of contract, time period, etc. are clear. So, it is important to make clear about
time and budget listed in contract. This motivates to achieve aims and objectives within specified
target.
Scheduling- Construction has to be conducted after making proper schedule of activities.
This has to be done in planning stage. It is important to make workers clear about their roles and
responsibilities and authority to which they have to report. This reduces wastage of time and
duplication of activities.
Review the schedule- Schedule has to be reviewed if project activities are achieved
within specified time. With revising schedule at regular interview, progress rate of construction
project can be known and it boosts performance of team.
Procedures and Training- There are different procedures which has to be followed by
construction team. There is use of latest technology at construction, so it is important to provide
training to workers. This helps them to conduct construction work. With training to workers, it is
easy to create synchronisation in construction activities. This reduces possibilities of failure of
construction project.
Documentation - There are different documents such as contract agreement and
contracts, bill of quantities, drawings, statement of work, etc. requirement to make construction
project reliable. With proper documentation, it is easy to provide information to related parties.
With considering above mentioned tips, time of budget can be maintained, so it helps to
reduce possibilities of failure of construction project.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research is the process in which investigation about research topic is done to collect and
enhance brief knowledge about research topic. In order to identity appropriate research technique
“Research Onion” is studied under research methodology. So, research methodology is
collection of techniques required to conduct research for achieving aims and objectives (Owolabi
and et. al., 2014). This is the way through which researcher can convey information to reader
about relevant techniques which helps to conduct research by achieving aims and objectives in
best and relevant manner. Research onion for this research is discussed as under-
Research philosophy: This is a belief about the way in which data should be gathered
and then analysed. In this there is three type which is explained below:
 Positivism philosophy is philosophical approach of natural scientist which is based on
observable social entity. This used highly structured in state to facilitate the hypothesis.
 Interpretive philosophy is focused on the difference between human as social factors.
This is the approach which is based on social life world and social science deal with the
individual’s action.
 Pragmatist philosophy stand in the middle between positivist and research philosophy.
This research philosophy become a contending philosophy that researcher considers as
alternative. This provide the depth knowledge of study.
In this research, pragmatist philosophy is used because it provides information from
relevant and authentic sources to get in- depth knowledge about failure of construction project.
Research approach- This is considered as the plan process which consists step of broad
assumptions to detailed method of data collection (Olaniran and et. al., 2015). This approach of
data collection and analysis is methodical but allow for greater flexibility than in a quantitative
research. In this there is three type of approaches which is explain below:
 Deductive research follows different path that is theory, hypothesis, observation and
confirmation or rejection. This are following hypotheses which developed in order to
assess the effect of labour migration.
 Inductive research approach does not involve formulation of hypotheses. This research
follows various routes such as observation, pattern and theory.
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Deductive research approach is used because with this researcher is able to justify
reason behind specific opinion about failure of construction project.
Research method- This is the method which is used for collect the information and data
for the purpose of making business decision. This research includes publication research,
interview, survey and many other research techniques. This research is based on two method
which quantitative and qualitative this both are explain below:
 Quantitative research is the method which is focus on objective measurement and
statistical mathematical. This is the numerical analysis of data collected through
questionnaire, survey or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational
techniques (Wilkinson and et. al., 2016).
 Qualitative research is based on primary exploratory research. This research is used for
understand the fundamental reason, opinions and motivation. This research help in
develop the ideas and hypotheses for potential quantitative.
Qualitative research method is used in this research because this is the method provides
complete information with reason “Why” behind specific view, hence it is easy for researcher to
justify view which is given in research of failure of construction project.
Source of data- Source of data is define as from which an author get knowledge. There
are two methods to collect information about research topic i.e. primary and secondary sources
 Primary data: '' Data which is gathered originally for a certain period is define as
primary data’ ‘primary data collected directly from first-hand experience. This is data
which gathered particularly with the end goal of researcher venture. Disadvantage of this
is data is that this is costly to get hold. This data called as raw material. Primary source is
used to collect information from respondents about research topic (Park and et. al., 2013).
Primary data can be collected with the help of different source such as questionnaire,
interview etc. In this there is set of questions which a researcher asks to number of participants in
order to collect the answer related to the research i.e. failure of construction project. Interview
this is also known as the source of primary data in which personally meet with informants and
ask necessary questions regarding the subject enquiry. Mail. In this type of source, data is
collected from the respondent who are located at long distance and don't have any
communication facility. For collecting the information in primary data questionnaire will be
taken. Questionnaire is designed by considering all the aspects of construction and
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communicating with other team mates. Questionnaire is distributed in person with
communicating with workers and project manners and collected within 10 days by investigator.
While collecting views from workers there is requirement to make clear about questions to them.
Responses are received from employees and project managers as well within specified time. Data
is collection process occurs for 18 days varying from 5/6/2018- 26/06/2018.
 Secondary data: This is the data which is collected by a party not related to the research
party but collected for some other purpose. Secondary method provides information from
online sources, books, journals, etc. In this research both the sources are used from which
investigator collects authentic knowledge. This is classified in term of internal and
external data. Internal which is in house or external data which obtained from outside
sources. In this investigation, both primary and secondary sources of information are used
because these makes investigation more relevant and valid covering all the aspects.
Research design: This is the plan of research. This is the method used to implemented
that plan. This research design and method is used to implement the plan. Good research designs
the data which obtain answer to all research question effectively (Badiru and Osisanya, 2016).
 Exploratory research design this is describe as investigate a problem which is not clear
and not clearly defined. This research is developed to have better understanding for the
existing problem. For this kind of research, a researcher is start with general ideas and
apply the research as medium to identify issues.
 Descriptive research this is the research which involved the observation and describe the
behaviour of a subject without influence it in any way. This is also useful where it is not
possible to test and measure the large number of samples needed for more quantitative
type of experimentation. Experimental research design - This is the wider factor for establishing relationship
between cause and effect. This is the process of cause effect relationship is as per
desirability.
Descriptive research design is used through which complete structured form research is
presented to reader (Pinto, 2013). This helps to get complete information about failure of
construction project.
Sampling- This is defined as the group of people, object, items that are taken from the
heavy population of measurement.
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 Random sampling: this sampling is defined as the in which individual choose entirely
by chance and each member have equal chance. This is allowing the sampling error to be
calculated and reduces selection bias.
 In this total number respondent are 50 individuals out of which 40 are employee working
at construction sites and 10 are project owner. These project owners are selected from
well renowned organisations who have large construction projects, while employees are
selected from near by construction project.
 Non-random sampling: This is the method in which samples are gathered in a process
that not give all the individual in the population balanced chances of being selected (Son
and Kim, 2015).
Random sampling is used to collect information from primary sources because it
provides data which is free from biasness.
Research ethics: There are some ethics which has to be considered by investigator in
order to make research authentic and realistic. Research includes primary research. Research
ethics is applied to ensure that the research result is considered to be relevant. This research
includes informed consent and confidentiality. This report is based on true data. There is proper
consent of respondents related to research topic about their opinion, so this research is under
ethical values. In anonymity, the detail of participant of the primary research not included of
primary research result.
Research limitation: In the research, there is a limitation of time and cost. Limitation of
the study is the time for completed of the work. In this the ability of the researcher to consider a
wider size of sample for the primary research. In this there is the time for completion the
research. Researcher was limited timing guidelines for the completion of the dissertation with all
parts. The study should be completed and includes within the given time of period for
dissertation work. researcher have the ability to includes a larger size of sample for the primary
research. In this research, there is limitation of time so information is not collected with more
sources of this investigation. The researcher was similarly affected by the identification of the
questionnaire. Respondent and the convenience sampling approach provided a reduction to the
issue (Hu and et. al., 2018).
Research reliability and validity: The reliability of the research is founded on the
executing of the test instrument which is the survey questionnaire. This was piloted across many
15

different potential respondents to assure that understanding of the questionnaire was accordant
across different respondent. The questionnaire is revised to analysis the problem in the questions
that were not be understand or not by the respondent in the pilot of the questionnaire. This is
also focus on the validity. In this there is the term of reducing the issues in relations to test the
validity. The questionnaire is design as a close ended questionnaire thereby and response of
respondent is positive or it may be negative. The validity of the questionnaire is accepted as a
result of the approach as the basis of the response is perspective of the respondent. This is budget
justification and the representation of expenses associated with the proposal project.
Research budget: The research is mostly excited direct desktop research with the
primary research consider as the element with the heavy cost implication. This research is
completed within around 450 £.
Time scale: In order to conduct research successfully there are some activities which has
to be followed such as introduction, setting aim and objectives, literature review etc. are
conducted. So, Gantt Chart is the technique which is used by researcher to identity time to
complete research.
The first Gantt chart was devised in the mid-1890s by Karol Adamiecki. Gantt chat is
type of bar chart that is illustrate a project schedule (Chen, 2015). This chart is usually created
initially using an early start time approach. In this each task is scheduled to start immediately
when its requisite is completed. This method increases the float time available for all task. This is
one of the most popular method and useful way of showing task which is displayed against the
time. This research will be completed within 9.2 weeks approximately.
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DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Data analysis
Data analysis refers to the process through which inspection, transformation, and
modelling of data is collected. This helps to take proper decision making which is effective and
relevant in case of change in plans and policies. Thematic approach is used in this research. As
per this method, brief introduction about research questions are provided under thematic
approach. This helps reader to understand changes which are taking place in external
environment.
Questionnaire
Q1. Do you have knowledge about construction project deliveries? Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
Q2. Which parties have important role in construction projects? Frequency
a) Contractor 16
b) Owner 15
c) Legal parties 9
d) Employees 10
Q3. Which type of construction projects are best? Frequency
a) Design- Bid- Build (DBB) 20
b) Design Build (DB) 13
c) Construction manager at Risk (CMAR) 17
Q4. What are the reasons which cause failure of construction
project?
Frequency
a) Improper planning 22
b) Unclear terms and conditions 18
c) Lack of proper documentation 10
19

Q5. Which components have to be considered while planning for
construction projects?
Frequency
a) Budget and time 25
b) Type of contract 12
c) Risk management plan 13
Q6. What are the factors which makes construction project reliable
and authentic?
Frequency
a) Planning 12
b) Team motivation 22
c) Skilled and cheap labour 16
Q7. What are the issues which arise while conducting construction
project deliveries?
Frequency
a) Change in sated aims and objectives 18
b) Lack of communication 22
c) Lack of accountability 10
Q8. Does participation of workforce play crucial role in successful
completion of construction project?
Frequency
a) Yes 36
b) No 14
Q9. What are the ways through which possibilities of failure of
construction project become less?
Frequency
a) Adopting pro- active approach 26
b) Creating dynamic environment 18
c) Avoid unrealistic expectations 6
20

Q10. Recommendations which project manager has to undertake to
get positive outcome from construction project?
21

Data interpretation
Questionnaire
Q1. Do you have knowledge about construction project deliveries? Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
Q2. Which parties have important role in construction projects? Frequency
a) Contractor 16
b) Owner 15
c) Legal parties 9
d) Employees 10
Q3. Which type of construction projects are best? Frequency
a) Design- Bid- Build (DBB) 20
b) Design Build (DB) 13
c) Construction manager at Risk (CMAR) 17
Q4. What are the reasons which cause failure of construction
project?
Frequency
a) Improper planning 22
b) Unclear terms and conditions 18
c) Lack of proper documentation 10
Q5. Which components have to be considered while planning for
construction projects?
Frequency
a) Budget and time 25
b) Type of contract 12
c) Risk management plan 13
Q6. What are the factors which makes construction project reliable Frequency
22

and authentic?
a) Planning 12
b) Team motivation 22
c) Skilled and cheap labour 16
Q7. What are the issues which arise while conducting construction
project deliveries?
Frequency
a) Change in sated aims and objectives 18
b) Lack of communication 22
c) Lack of accountability 10
Q8. Does participation of workforce play crucial role in successful
completion of construction project?
Frequency
a) Yes 36
b) No 14
Q9. What are the ways through which possibilities of failure of
construction project become less?
Frequency
a) Adopting pro- active approach 26
b) Creating dynamic environment 18
c) Avoid unrealistic expectations 6
Q12. Recommendations which project manager has to undertake to
get positive outcome from construction project?
23

FINDINDGS
Theme 1: Knowledge about construction project deliveries
Q1. Do you have knowledge about construction project
deliveries?
Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
Interpretation: As per above information, it is clear that out of 50 candidates, 40 have
knowledge about construction projects and policies related to it. While remaining 10 individuals
are not aware bout construction projects. So, it is interpreted that it is easy to create awareness
about reasons of failure of construction projects and take measures to manage them because
majority of people have knowledge about it.
Theme 2: Parties involved in construction project deliveries
Q2. Which parties have important role in construction Frequency
24
a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
40
10
Frequency

projects?
a) Contractor 16
b) Owner 15
c) Legal parties 9
d) Employees 10
Interpretation: From the picture, it is identified that there are some parties which are
related to construction project. As per view of 16 individuals’ contractors plays crucial role, 15
respondents say project owner is important, 9 candidates say legal parties are important. While
remaining 10 candidates says employees are important. So, it is interpreted that contractors and
owner are important because they are the people who frames strategies for conducting
construction work. So, in case of any change in plans and policies, they must have information
about it. There are some legal parties also involves such as Quantity surveyor, advocate in case
of any legal case and other personnel.
Theme 3: Types of construction project
Q3. Which type of construction projects are best? Frequency
25
a) Contractor b) Owner c) Legal parties d) Employees
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
16
15
9
10
Frequency

a) Design- Bid- Build (DBB) 20
b) Design Build (DB) 13
c) Construction manager at Risk (CMAR) 17
Interpretation: There are different types of contract under which construction project is
registered such as design- bid- build, design build, construction manager at risk, etc. As per view
of 20 individuals design bid build is the best type for contracting for construction project. As per
opinion of 13 candidates deign bid is the best to get best outcome in specified budget. While
remaining 17 candidates have view that construction manager at risk is best because in this all
the liability is of construction manager, so project will be completed on time within specified
budget. Hence it is interpreted that design bid build contract is best because this is the best way
to deal with futuristic contingencies arise while construction. Constructor can properly analyse
and make strategies to deal with contingent strategies.
Theme 4: Reasons of failure of construction project
26
a) Design- Bid- Build (DBB)
b) Design Build (DB)
c) Construction manager at Risk (CMAR)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
20
13
17
Frequency

Q4. What are the reasons which cause failure of
construction project?
Frequency
a) Improper planning 22
b) Unclear terms and conditions 18
c) Lack of proper documentation 10
Interpretation: Construction is long time process, there are different reasons due to
which it gets failed. As per view of 22 individuals, improper planning is one of the major reasons
of failure of construction project. 18 individuals say that if terms and conditions of contract are
not clear then in this case there is negative impact on construction. As per view of 10 candidates
lack of proper documentation may also be the reason for failure of construction project. Hence it
is interpreted that main reason of failure of construction project is improper planning, so it is
responsibility of project manager to conduct proper planning and communicated to parties
associated with construction project.
27
a) Improper planning
b) Unclear terms and conditions
c) Lack of proper documentation
0
5
10
15
20
25 22
18
10 Frequency

Theme 5: Components to be considered while planning for construction project
Q5. Which components have to be considered while
planning for construction projects?
Frequency
a) Budget and time 25
b) Type of contract 12
c) Risk management plan 13
Interpretation: As per view of respondents, there are some components while planning
for construction work. As per view of 25 individuals, budget and time for construction project is
analysed. According to 12 candidates, type of contract under which it is registered. It is
important because on the basis of which, it is easy to under terms and conditions and then plan to
work accordingly. While remaining 13 individuals have view that risk management plan has to
be considered. So, it is interpreted that cost and time of completion of project is major
component which has to be considered. This reduces possibilities of failure of construction
project. With consideration of budget and time, contractor is able to complete project within
specified budget.
28
a) Budget and time b) Type of contract c) Risk management plan
0
5
10
15
20
25
25
12 13
Frequency

Theme 6: Factors which makes construction project reliable and authentic
Q6. What are the factors which makes construction project
reliable and authentic?
Frequency
a) Planning 12
b) Team motivation 22
c) Skilled and cheap labour 16
Interpretation: There are some factors which has to be considered by managers of
construction projects to reduce possibilities of negative outcome. According to 12 individuals,
planning has to be done in proper and effective manner. 22 candidates say that team motivation
plays crucial role. Remaining 16 candidates have view that killed and cheap labour are required.
This is the way through which information positive outcome can be achieved with conducting
research project. It is interpreted that as construction project will be done in team, so it is
important to motivate teams to get positive outcome and regular performance review is
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a) Planning
b) Team motivation
c) Skilled and cheap labour
0
5
10
15
20
25
12
22
16
Frequency

important. With motivation either in monetary and non monetary terms, workers give their best
because their personal aims and objectives are achieved.
Theme 7: Issues arise while conducting construction project deliveries
Q7. What are the issues which arise while conducting
construction project deliveries?
Frequency
a) Change in sated aims and objectives 18
b) Lack of communication 22
c) Lack of accountability 10
Interpretation: Construction project deliveries are conducted for longer period of time.
So, there are some issues which arise while conducting these projects. As per view of 18
candidates, change in settled aims and objectives, 22 have view that lack of communication is
main prospect, while remaining 10 says that their lack of accountability. So, it is interpreted that
because of improper communication. There is issue in working style of individuals. This affects
30
a) Change in setted aims and objectives
b) Lack of communication
c) Lack of accountability
0
5
10
15
20
25
18
22
10 Frequency

performance of whole project. When individuals are aware about their accountability, then
possibilities of duplication of activities and project may get failed.
Theme 8: Participation of workforce
Q8. Does participation of workforce play crucial role in
successful completion of construction project?
Frequency
a) Yes 36
b) No 14
Interpretation: Workforce is one of the important components which has to be
considered by project manager of construction site. So as per view of 36 individuals out of 50,
participation of workers is important. While remaining 14 candidates says that employees does
not give good impression. So it is clear that majority of employees i.e. 36 candidates favours that
major role is of workers because they have knowledge about working style and their efforts are
fruitful for successful completion of construction project.
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a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40 36
14
Frequency

Theme 9: Ways to reduce failure of construction project
Q9. What are the ways through which possibilities of failure
of construction project become less?
Frequency
a) Adopting pro- active approach 26
b) Creating dynamic environment 18
c) Avoid unrealistic expectations 6
Interpretation: Failure of construction projects sounds to be wastage of resources and
time. So, in this case, there are some ways through which possibilities of construction project
failure is less. According to view of 26 individuals, managers has to adopt pro- active approaches
because construction project requires planning in future. 18 candidates say that working
environment at construction sites has to be dynamic. While remaining 6 individuals says that
unrealistic expectation of owner has to be avoided because this makes project manager to set
unrealistic gaols for employees and then possibilities of failure of project. So, it is interpreted
that with creating proactive approaches it is easy to plan for future and deal with it. With
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a) Adopting pro- active approach
b) Creating dynamic environment
c) Avoid unrealistic expectations
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 26
18
6
Frequency

dynamic working environment working policies can be flexible and this assist in deal with future
contingencies. Hence project can be completed considering external environmental factors.
33

CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
From the above primary data, it is concluded that out of 50 individuals, 40 have
knowledge about construction project deliveries. So, it is easy to overcome issues of failure of
project. Contractor and owner of construction project plays crucial role in getting positive impact
on construction of project. Design bid build is best contract because in this all the contingencies
are considered. Improper planning is the main reason of failure of construction project, so it is
important to analysis it. While conducting construction project, budget and cost is one of the
major components which has to be considered because it helps to analyse what is budget and
how much time is allotted to it.
As per view of 22 individuals, team working is the component which makes project more
appropriate in term of completing within specified time and cost. Lack of communication is
major issue which is faced by majority of individuals. As there are many individuals working
while construction project, so it is important that they are able to communicate with majority of
individuals. According to 36 candidates, employees are the main components in making
construction project successful because they perform activities, so their motivation is essential.
At last it is concluded that in order to reduce possibilities of project failure, there must be pro-
active approach through which changes taking place in external environment can be faced by
project manager by planning corrective measures to deal with them.
Information collected from secondary information shows that there are different types of
construction projects such as Design Bid Build, design build, build operate transfer, etc. There is
contract between owner and contactors registered under any of them. There is some process
which has to be followed in order to get positive outcome. Bad leadership, improper planning,
lack of experience to project manager, lack of communication, etc. are the reason due to which
construction project may get fail. So, in order to deal with it, there are some ways which helps to
reduce possibilities of failure of project such as identification of real issues, set realistic time
frame, setting small objectives, etc. With this it is easy to reduce possibilities of failure of
construction projects.
Hence from the above discussion, it is clear that aims and objectives of this investigation
is achieved. There is discussion about concept of construction project deliveries. There is
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information about different types of construction project and best among them. Issue related to
construction project such as improper planning, poor leadership, inexperience project manager,
improper communication, etc. affects completion in negative manner. This also provides
information about construction project can be done in better and effective manner such as
identification of issue, setting realistic objectives, regular tracking of project process, etc. Hence
these are the aspects which are mentioned under objective of reaserch and achieved with
completion of project and collecting information from primary and secondary information.
Recommendations
There are some issues which arise while conducting construction projects, while arise
possibilities of failure of project. Some recommendations are under-
 There must be clear goals and objectives communicated to individuals. Employees must
be aware about their roles and responsibilities and to whom they are accountable. This
reduces possibilities of delay in working.
 In case of change in any working style or project activity, then it must be communicated
to all workers. This helps to create synchronisation in project activities of workers.
 While taking any decision worker's participation must be there because they are people
who works to complete construction projects. Their views must be evaluated, so in case
any good idea is provided, then it must be evaluated.
 Objectives which are slated for employees must be short and clear. Project manager must
regularly evaluate performance of workers, so possibilities of getting best outcome is
more.
 There must be proper planning related to risk management plan because construction
project is long time process so external factors might get change.
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