Construction and Practice Management: A Comprehensive Report

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Construction and Practice Management
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Table of Contents
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................3
LO1.............................................................................................................................................................4
P1............................................................................................................................................................4
P2............................................................................................................................................................5
P3............................................................................................................................................................6
M1...........................................................................................................................................................7
LO2.............................................................................................................................................................8
P4............................................................................................................................................................8
P5............................................................................................................................................................9
M2.........................................................................................................................................................10
LO3...........................................................................................................................................................11
P6..........................................................................................................................................................11
P7..........................................................................................................................................................12
P8..........................................................................................................................................................13
M3.........................................................................................................................................................14
LO4...........................................................................................................................................................15
P9..........................................................................................................................................................15
P10........................................................................................................................................................16
P11........................................................................................................................................................17
M4.........................................................................................................................................................18
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................19
References.............................................................................................................................................20
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Introduction
Construction industries are the largest industries after the agriculture industry. In this brief, we
are going to discuss how the school is constructed on a particular site which was previously a
furniture factory. We will come to know about how professionalism is developed in the
construction industries, how the development of structures of companies takes place, types of
construction companies and relationship between them, tendering process, contract planning
techniques used in the construction of the projects, impact of BIM in construction industries and
how collaboration is developed by the construction companies in achieving health and safety
measures. It also includes the role of CDM in the process of construction.
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LO1
P1
Professional is that person who performs various tasks and finishes them for a fee. There are
many professionals who are directed by various Professional institutes where hard rules and
strict regulations are set so that the behavior of professionals can be improved. Professionals are
those persons who are experts and best in their respective fields and have special knowledge.
Professionalism is developed in the construction industry so that the project can be built
successfully and the requirements of the client can be met within their respective time and
budget.
Professionalism in soil engineering has developed to identify the soil whether it is good for the
development of the school or not. As professionals in soil engineering can easily identify the
type of soil. Professionalism in structure engineering is developed so that the design and the
interior of the school can be designed perfectly and if any problem arises then it can be removed
easily. Professionalism in woodworkers has developed to identify which quality of wood should
be used in making the furniture of the school. (Mark, 2016)
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P2
Construction organization consists of various parties which are involved for completing a
particular project and these parties can be from any sector public or private. Parties such as client
or owner, engineer or architect and the general contractor are involved and there are many
agreements between these parties to complete the project.
Once the owner gets all the required approvals and the required money then the project is started.
The client communicates with the contractor regarding the necessary requirements of the project.
When there are medium size projects then client executes the work to the trade contract and
remaining work to the main contract.
When there is the main contract then the client communicates with the architect who is
responsible for the proper design and contractor who is responsible for construction. When the
turnkey contract arises the general contractor acts as both designer and constructor.
The contract between the client and contractor balances the relationship between both the parties
in main and turnkey.
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P3
Construction organization consists of various parties which are involved for completing a
particular project and these parties can be from any sector public or private. Parties such as client
or owner, engineer or architect and the general contractor are involved and there are many
agreements between these parties to complete the project.
Once the owner gets all the required approvals and the required money then the project is started.
The client communicates with the contractor regarding the necessary requirements of the project.
When there are medium size projects then client executes the work to the trade contract and
remaining work to the main contract.
When there is the main contract then the client communicates with the architect who is
responsible for the proper design and contractor who is responsible for construction. When the
turnkey contract arises the general contractor acts as both designer and constructor.
The contract between the client and contractor balances the relationship between both the parties
in main and turnkey.
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M1
The construction industry has developed soil engineering because soil engineering is the study of
the soil and it helps in identifying all the physical properties of the soil. It tells us about the soil
whether it is good for construction or not. Soil engineering in the construction industry helps in
overcoming the problems related to the soil and we can plan the finances accordingly.
The construction industry has developed structural engineering because it is associated with the
design and the interior of the large structures like tunnels, dams, and bridges. Structural
engineering helps in solving all the technical problems which arise during the execution of the
project. Structural engineering includes design, investigation, communication, training, and
management.
The construction industry has developed the use of wood as it is used in building the furniture of
the buildings and homes. In building the school there is a huge requirement of wood as tables
and chairs are made of wood. Wood is used in windows, doors, etc. (Nieves, 2017)
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LO2
P4
There are various types of construction companies:
Sole Trader
Sole Trader is that company that consists of only one liable person and that person owns the
whole of the business. This individual is responsible for holding the equity and liability of the
entire business.
Partnerships
These companies are the same as sole traders but the equity in the partnership companies is held
by two or more people. These companies have the rights to circulate the profits from the
business.
Unlimited Companies
These companies are also similar to the sole traders and partnership companies but the owner of
these companies doesn’t have any management in their business.
Limited Companies
Limited companies are those companies whose identities are separated from the shareholders.
They are of two types private and public.
Private Limited Companies
These companies are smaller than public companies and the holding of share is limited only to
members of a particular or same group.
Public Limited Companies
These companies are generally larger than private companies and the share of these companies
are traded openly across the world.
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Holding companies and conglomerates
Holding companies are those companies which have sub companies in related markets.
Conglomerates companies are those companies which have sub companies in unrelated markets.
P5
Relationship between the construction organization and the tendering process can be defined in
six stages:
 Preparation- It is the very first phase of the tendering process in which final drawings
are made and measurements are taken. Parties involved in this phase are generally
architect, engineers, clients, and project manager
 Approval to tender- In this phase decisions are made and discussion is held on the type
of tender to be used in the project. Parties involved are client, project manager, and
consultant.
 Tender documentation- It includes a letter of invitation to tender, letter of acceptance,
rate of schedules, etc.
 Invitation- tendering methods that are selected.
Open- they produce a notice of tender
Selective- contractors which are shortlisted are invited.
Negotiated- Finally, one contractor is selected.
 Processing- In this step tender is received which is submitted by the contractor and
evaluation of tender is done.
 Award contract- It consists of the award meeting with the constructors and tender form
is issued to the tenderer which is signed by the authorized officer.
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M2
Tender processes for the construction of the contract
Tender is basically a submission that is made by a supplier that is used for selecting the
particular contractor who executes the project.
Open tendering
In open tendering, anyone can deposit a tender to provide services and goods. Great competition
is achieved in this tendering. It consists of pre -qualification which provides a list of suppliers so
that tenders can be prepared.
Selective tendering
In this type of tendering tenders are deposited only through the invitation. It provides great
confidence to the clients and reduced the efforts. In this, a list is maintained by the clients where
the performance of the suppliers is marked and it decides which supplier should be removed
from the list.
Negotiated tendering
In this tendering, a single supplier or contractor is selected and it reduces the tendering cost and
it also allows the involvement of contractor at an early stage. (Udayan, 2018)
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LO3
P6
In the construction of modern school there are various concerns that should be included in the
tender while selecting the contractor.
 Invitation letter to tenders- In this letter, a formal invitation is sent to the suppliers so that
goods and services can be supplied. It consists of all the necessary equipment's used in
designing the school, design as suggested by the client, trade and work contractors, etc.
 Various forms of the tender such as open, selective and negotiated which is used in
selecting the particular contractor.
 Preliminaries- As we are planning to design the outside of the building which is made up
of brick which is framed of timber. So it includes all the information which the client
wants.
 Various forms of contracts such as general and consumer contracts.
 Pricing document of the tender- In this a standard is followed of the cost plan which was
developed and comparisons are done between the cost plan and the tenders.
 Schedule of drawing- It consists of the name of the project, purpose of the project, title,
formats, locations, scales, sizes and the other information which is required in
constructing the school.
 Specifications- It consists of all the materials which are required for constructing the
school. They don't include information about the cost, quantity or any other information
related to the drawing. (Puri & Tiwari, 2017)
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