HNC/HND Civil Engineering Project: Construction Safety & Regulation

This project report delves into the critical issues of regulation and safety within construction projects. It identifies the significance of these issues, highlighting the potential dangers faced by civil engineers and construction workers, and the importance of adhering to regulations and safety protocols. The report investigates the role of the Occupational Safety and Regulation Administration (OSHA) and explores various research methods and feasibility studies related to construction safety. Furthermore, it analyzes project management techniques, including project initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, and closure, illustrating the use of Gantt charts and Work Breakdown Structures (WBS). The report also examines project management tools such as bar charts and network techniques, focusing on Gantt charts and the Critical Path Method (CPM) to manage project timelines, budgets, and resource allocation effectively. The project's scope includes an outline specification for project management solutions, alongside an evaluation of the project's impact on resources, time, investments, and stakeholders, making it a comprehensive resource for understanding and improving construction safety practices.

THE INFLUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION METHOD ON
PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY
1

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Task 1...........................................................................................................................................3
Task 2...........................................................................................................................................6
Task 3.........................................................................................................................................11
Task 4.........................................................................................................................................12
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................16
References......................................................................................................................................17
2

Introduction
Civil engineers face several problems regarding regulation and safety in workplace. Civil
engineers are involved in constructing of numerous structures such as bridges, tunnels, dam,
airports, and corporate buildings as well as other treatment plants. In order to meet these project
goals, civil engineers need to compile some certain rules and regulations of regulation and safety
violation. Any construction defects can be dangerous for the people. The purpose of this study is
to provide a brief discussion of regulation and safety issues in construction projects and find out
a possible project management solution regarding this issue. This study also selects a project that
aims to approach related with identified issue in civil engineering project. In addition, the study
produces an outline specification that is required for project management solution for certain
issue. On the other side, the study also evaluates the project scope and its impact on resource of
time, investments as well as stakeholders. In this project, the researchers have also prepared the
project management plan and working plan by using Gantt chart and CPM method. These
techniques help in meeting all timescale, specifications and documentations of overall process.
Task 1
(A) Project identification
Construction projects are facing several issues while working in projects. Regulation and safety
issue has become a trending issue that is a major concern for engineers as well as workers in a
construction project (Wu et al. 2014, p. 65). In construction project, civil engineers are mainly
working in dangerous conditions. Therefore, regulation and safety measurement are required for
starting a construction project. It has been seen that many workers lost their lives due to poor
management of regulation and safety within workplace. According to Occupational Safety and
Regulation Administration (OSHA), approximately, 26% people die while working in
construction project in UK1. The workers have faced several accidents, which are related to
machines and equipments of construction. It is primary duty of all civil engineers to check the
construction machine and equipments such as scaffolding, stairs, ladders as well as bulldozers
1 Brauer, R.L., 2016. Safety and regulation for engineers. John Wiley & Sons.
3

and other related equipments. On the other side, it has been noticed that the rate of accidents in
construction project has been increased about 6% in last 10 years in UK. In addition, the civil
engineers on a construction site need to be well trained for using any type of construction
equipments and machine. In order to avoid certain accidents in construction project, the civil
engineers need to implement a suitable and possible regulation and safety program that can
ensure the safety of workers and other stakeholders2. With the help of safety program, civil
engineers can be able to avoid the defects in infrastructure project. Civil engineers are often
involved in construction of buildings that accommodate huge people. If any construction defects
are found in building construction, it can result in building failure and harmful incidents for
surrounding populations.
Figure 1: Fire caught in buildings
2 Zhou, Z., Goh, Y.M. and Li, Q., 2015. Overview and analysis of safety management studies in
the construction industry.Safety science, 72, pp.337-350.
4

(B) Research methods
The Occupational Safety and Regulation Administration (OSHA) is built for protecting
regulation and safety of workers, engineers as well as other stakeholders in order to construction
project in US. Based on the report of World Regulation Organisation, OSHA is working closely
with several groups that help in managing safety in workplace. The several groups include
unions of workers, trade organisation and other community based organisations. These groups
can be able to provide proper resources and information of regulation and safety to the workers
while working in construction project3. By working with OSHA, these groups are committed in
preventing illness, injuries and other harmful activities within the workplace. In addition, OSHA
helps in providing information to civil engineers and workers for concerning the rights and
responsibilities towards minimizing the regulation and safety issues.
(c) Feasibilities studies
As regulation and safety issue is major concern in construction project, civil engineers need to
follow potential rules and regulation of Occupational Safety and Regulation Act. In order to
maintain the regulation and safety acts, the civil engineers need to follow some effective ways
such as-
Training and education
All the workers need to be well trained before staring a construction project. The civil engineers
need to provide all information to their workers in order to handle construction equipments
safely. On the other side, education can play a major role in concerning workers about safety in
workplace .By providing proper education, the civil engineers can be able to make their workers
more responsible towards maintaining safety and risk management while working in
construction.
Better communication with employees
3 Dodo, M., 2014. The application of regulation and safety plan in Nigerian construction
firms. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 159(3175), pp.1-7.
5

Another important task is better communication while working in a group. Better communication
can help in mitigating any type issue in workplace. Civil engineers need to maintain better
communication with their colleagues and workers. Effective communication can help in raising
awareness on workers of regulation and safety (Li et al. 2015. P. 110). Meeting and conference
need to be held in a week that helps in focusing rules and regulations of Regulation and Safety
act in UK. In addition, well communication strategy can help in extracting best practices while
working in construction project.
Keeping update of rules and regulations of regulation and safety act
This is another important job for civil engineers to keep update their employees or workers about
new rule and regulation of Regulation and Safety act for construction project. It can improve the
sustainability and safety within workplace. The civil engineers need to encourage their workers
in order to participate in improving safety in workplace. Civil engineers need to make sure that
all employees or workers are informed about rules of safety according to Safety and Regulation
Act 2001. Therefore, it can help the workers to meet the goals and opportunities within
workplace.
Task 2
Civil engineers follows and implements several project management techniques in order to
minimize the potential issues within the workplace. These techniques help in meeting all
timescale, specifications and documentations of overall process. In order to meet the challenging
issue, the civil engineers need to develop project management that provides skills, methods and
knowledge in order to achieve all specifications and objectives4. Project management has a
certain deliverables which are constrained to certain timescale and budgets. It has been noticed
that the project management has five processes such as project initiating, project planning,
project execution, project monitoring and controlling as well as closure of project.
4 Hardison, D., Behm, M., Hallowell, M.R. and Fonooni, H., 2014. Identifying construction
supervisor competencies for effective site safety. Safety science, 65, pp.45-53.
6

Figure 2: process of project management
(Source: Created by learner)
Project initiation
Project initiation can be described as a starting point of any project. In this process, all project
activities are prepared. The civil engineers need to prepare a chart of all activities that need to be
achieved. In this project management, the activities need to be developed by engineers according
to regulation and safety. The main activities of this process are-
 Determining pre-scale period
 Gathering project requirements
7
Project initiation
Planning of project
Project execution
Monitoring and controlling of
project
Closure of project

List of resources
Planning of project
This process is considered as one of the main project management processes. Proper planning is
essential for starting the project. Planning is required for addressing all the project requirements
such as budgets, scope as well as timelines. The civil engineers need to develop a project
schedule with the help of project planning5. In this project, both engineers and workers need to
be engaged in deriving proper project planning. In this phase, the potential activities are-
 Identifying project scope
 Setting project timelines
 Allocating project resources or budgets
Project execution
In this process, the civil engineers need to execute the project in order to address all the project
objectives. The objectives include implementing regulation and safety program, providing safety
awareness to the workers and introducing risk measurement tools within workplace. In the
execution process, all the workers need to carry out their responsibilities within given timeline.
The activities in this process are-
 Developing project schedule
5 Hollnagel, E., 2018. Safety-I and safety-II: the past and future of safety management. CRC
press.
8

 Implementing risk management tools
 Providing tasks and responsibilities to workers
Monitoring and controlling of project
In this phase, all project activities are monitored and controlled. This process is important task
for responsible project managers to check the on-going process. The project activities are
controlled by some protocols, which are made by project managers. In addition, the project
manager needs to check the validation of all project activities6. In this phase, the project manager
needs to use adequate and essential measurements in order to control all the activities. The main
activities of this project are:
 Maintaining protocol for project activities
 Monitoring all the activities
 Checking validation of all project activities and deliverables
Figure 1: Gantt chart
(Source: Created by researcher)
6 Demirkesen, S. and Arditi, D., 2015. Construction safety personnel's perceptions of safety
training practices.International Journal of Project Management, 33(5), pp.1160-1169.
9

Figure 2: Work Breakdown structure
(Source: Created by researcher)
Closure of project
After completing all project activities, the project manager needs to implement a system in order
to close the project. In this phase, the manager checks all the activities are met. After closing the
project, the project deliverables are handed over to clients. Moreover, the project evaluation
process takes place after closing the project. In this evaluation process, the validation of all
activities, project deliverables as well as timelines are checked by the service provider. In this
phase, the activities are-
 Implementing system for closing project
 Evaluation of project deliverables
Project activities Budget Timelines
Project initiation $ 10000 2 weeks
Project planning $ 5000 4 weeks
Project execution $25000 6 weeks
Monitoring and controlling $ 13000 2 weeks
Closure of project $ 2000 1 weeks
10

Table 1: Project activities, timelines and budgets
(Source: Created by learner)
Task 3
Project management techniques are not only used for drawing project planning but these
techniques are also used for projecting the impact of deviations to analyse measurements. The
project management techniques are classified into two categories such as- bar charts and
networks.
Bar chart or Gantt chart
Bar chart is mainly used for provide pictorial presentation of different activities, which are
performed in order to accomplish the project. Gantt chart is the form of bar charts that are
developed for scheduling the project and specifying the timeline for each and every activities of
the project7. With the help of Gantt chart, the project timeline and allocation of budget are
determined. On the other side, it has been stated that Gantt chart measures the timeline according
to the project activities regarding regulation had safety issue. It develops a work breakdown
structure that helps in understanding basic costs and timelines of project activities.
Network technique
The network technique can be described as logical extension of Gantt chart. For network
analysis, there are two popular techniques such as Programme Evaluation and review Technique
(PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM). With the help of these techniques, the civil engineers
can be able to schedule, research and develop suitable and possible activities. By using these
techniques, the civil engineers can be involved in preventing illness, injuries and other harmful
activities within the workplace.
7 Reyes, J.P., San-José, J.T., Cuadrado, J. and Sancibrian, R., 2014. Regulation & Safety criteria
for determining the sustainable value of construction projects. Safety science, 62, pp.221-232.
11

Network Diagram
Task 4
Introduction
Construction projects are facing several issues while working in projects. Civil engineers follows
and implements several project management techniques in order to minimize the potential issues
within the workplace. The purpose of this study is to provide a brief discussion of regulation and
12

safety issues in construction projects and find out a possible project management solution
regarding this issue. This study also selects a project that aims to approach related with identified
issue in civil engineering project. On the other side, the study also evaluates the project scope
and its impact on resource of time, investments as well as stakeholders. In this project, the
researchers have also prepared the project management plan and working plan by using Gantt
chart and CPM method. In addition, the study produces an outline specification that is required
for project management solution for certain issue.
Identified issues
Civil engineers are involved in constructing of numerous structures such as bridges, tunnels,
dam, airports, and corporate buildings as well as other treatment plants. In order to meet these
project goals, civil engineers need to compile some certain rules and regulations of regulation
and safety violation. In construction project, civil engineers are mainly working in dangerous
conditions. Therefore, regulation and safety measurement are required for starting a construction
project. It has been seen that many workers lost their lives due to poor management of regulation
and safety within workplace. In addition, the civil engineers on a construction site need to be
well trained for using any type of construction equipments and machine. In order to avoid certain
accidents in construction project, the civil engineers need to implement a suitable and possible
regulation and safety program that can ensure the safety of workers and other stakeholders.
According to occupational Safety and Regulation Administration (OSHA), approximately, 26%
people die while working in construction project in UK8. On the other side, it has been noticed
that the rate of accidents in construction project has been increased about 6% in last 10 years in
UK. With the help of safety program, civil engineers can be able to avoid the defects in
infrastructure project.
Solution for identified issue
The Occupational Safety and Regulation Administration (OSHA) is built for protecting
regulation and safety of workers, engineers as well as other stakeholders in order to construction
8 Zhang, S., Sulankivi, K., Kiviniemi, M., Romo, I., Eastman, C.M. and Teizer, J., 2015. BIM-
based fall hazard identification and prevention in construction safety planning. Safety science,72,
pp.31-45.
13

project. By working with OSHA, civil engineers are committed in preventing illness, injuries and
other harmful activities within the workplace. OSHA helps in providing proper resources and
information of regulation and safety to the workers while working in construction project.
Processes of project management
Project initiation
Project initiation can be described as a starting point of any project. In this process, all project
activities are prepared. The civil engineers need to prepare a chart of all activities that need to be
achieved. In this project management, the activities need to be developed by engineers according
to regulation and safety. The main activities of this process are-
 Determining pre-scale period
 Gathering project requirements
Planning of project
This process is considered as one of the main project management processes. Proper planning is
essential for starting the project. Planning is required for addressing all the project requirements
such as budgets, scope as well as timelines9. The civil engineers need to develop a project
schedule with the help of project planning. In this project, both engineers and workers need to be
engaged in deriving proper project planning. In this phase, the potential activities are-
 Identifying project scope
 Setting project timelines
 Allocating project resources or budgets
Project execution
In this process, the civil engineers need to execute the project in order to address all the project
objectives. The objectives include implementing regulation and safety program, providing safety
awareness to the workers and introducing risk measurement tools within workplace. In the
9 Li, H., Lu, M., Hsu, S.C., Gray, M. and Huang, T., 2015. Proactive behavior-based safety
management for construction safety improvement. Safety science, 75, pp.107-117.
14

execution process, all the workers need to carry out their responsibilities within given timeline.
The activities in this process are-
 Developing project schedule
 Implementing risk management tools
 Providing tasks and responsibilities to workers
Monitoring and controlling of project
In this phase, all project activities are monitored and controlled. This process is important task
for responsible project managers to check the ongoing process. The project activities are
controlled by some protocols, which are made by project managers. In addition, the project
manager needs to check the validation of all project activities. In this phase, the project manager
needs to use adequate and essential measurements in order to control all the activities. The main
activities of this project are-
 Maintaining protocol for project activities
 Monitoring all the activities
 Checking validation of all project activities and deliverables
Closure of project
After completing all project activities, the project manager needs to implement a system in order
to close the project. In this phase, the manager checks all the activities are met. After closing the
project, the project deliverables are handed over to clients10. Moreover, the project evaluation
process takes place after closing the project. In this evaluation process, the validation of all
activities, project deliverables as well as timelines are checked by the service provider. In this
phase, the activities are-
 Implementing system for closing project
 Evaluation of project deliverables
Recommendation
10 Zhang, S., Boukamp, F. and Teizer, J., 2015. Ontology-based semantic modeling of
construction safety knowledge: Towards automated safety planning for job hazard analysis
(JHA).Automation in Construction, 52, pp.29-41.
15

Provision of training
All the workers need to be well trained before staring a construction project. The civil engineers
need to provide all information to their workers in order to handle construction equipments
safely. On the other side, education can play a major role in concerning workers about safety in
workplace. By providing proper education, the civil engineers can be able to make their workers
more responsible towards maintaining safety and risk management while working in
construction.
Keeping concern about regulation and safety
This is another important job for civil engineers to keep update their employees or workers about
new rule and regulation of Regulation and Safety act for construction project. It can improve the
sustainability and safety within workplace. The civil engineers need to encourage their workers
in order to participate in improving safety in workplace11. Civil engineers need to make sure that
all employees or workers are informed about rules of safety according to Safety and Regulation
Act 200112. Therefore, it can help the workers to meet the goals and opportunities within
workplace.
Introducing well communication strategy
Another important task is better communication while working in a group. Better communication
can help in mitigating any type issue in workplace. Civil engineers need to maintain better
communication with their colleagues and workers. Effective communication can help in raising
awareness on workers of regulation and safety. Meeting and conference need to be held in a
week that helps in focusing rules and regulations of Regulation and Safety act in UK. In addition,
well communication strategy can help in extracting best practices while working in construction
project.
11 Ganah, A. and John, G.A., 2015. Integrating building information modeling and regulation and
safety for onsite construction. Safety and regulation at work, 6(1), pp.39-45.
12 Manage.gov.in (2019). Introduction to Project Management. Available at:
https://www.manage.gov.in/studymaterial/PM.pdf [Accessed on 20 July 2019]
16

Conclusion
It can be concluded from the above study that regulation and safety issue is major concern for all
construction project in UK. The study has also stated that suitable solution can minimise the
problems regarding regulation and safety. In addition, the civil engineers on a construction site
need to be well trained for using any type of construction equipments and machine. In order to
avoid certain accidents in construction project, the civil engineers need to implement a suitable
and possible regulation and safety program that can ensure the safety of workers and other
stakeholders. The study has stated that project management and its activities need to done in a
respective manner that helps in avoiding certain issue in construction project.
17

References
[1] Brauer, R.L., 2016. Safety and regulation for engineers. John Wiley & Sons.
[2] Demirkesen, S. and Arditi, D., 2015. Construction safety personnel's perceptions of safety
training practices.International Journal of Project Management, 33(5), pp.1160-1169.
[3] Dodo, M., 2014. The application of regulation and safety plan in Nigerian construction
firms. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 159(3175), pp.1-7.
[4] Ganah, A. and John, G.A., 2015. Integrating building information modeling and regulation
and safety for onsite construction. Safety and regulation at work, 6(1), pp.39-45.
[5] Hardison, D., Behm, M., Hallowell, M.R. and Fonooni, H., 2014. Identifying construction
supervisor competencies for effective site safety. Safety science, 65, pp.45-53.
[6] Hollnagel, E., 2018. Safety-I and safety-II: the past and future of safety management. CRC
press.
[7] Le, Q.T., Lee, D.Y. and Park, C.S., 2014. A social network system for sharing construction
safety and regulation knowledge.Automation in Construction, 46, pp.30-37.
[8] Li, H., Lu, M., Hsu, S.C., Gray, M. and Huang, T., 2015. Proactive behavior-based safety
management for construction safety improvement. Safety science, 75, pp.107-117.
[9] Manage.gov.in (2019). Introduction to Project Management. Available at:
https://www.manage.gov.in/studymaterial/PM.pdf [Accessed on 20 July 2019]
[10] Pellicer, E., Carvajal, G.I., Rubio, M.C. and Catalá, J., 2014. A method to estimate
occupational regulation and safety costs in construction projects. KSCE journal of civil
engineering, 18(7), pp.1955-1965.
[11] Reyes, J P., San-José, J.T., Cuadrado, J. and Sancibrian, R., 2014. Regulation & Safety
criteria for determining the sustainable value of construction projects. Safety science, 62, pp.221-
232.
18

[12] Wu, M.S., Kwong, M.V., Lam, M.T.T. and Yiu-kuen, M.K., 2014. Measurement of safety
performance.
[13] Zhang, S., Boukamp, F. and Teizer, J., 2015. Ontology-based semantic modeling of
construction safety knowledge: Towards automated safety planning for job hazard analysis
(JHA).Automation in Construction, 52, pp.29-41.
[14] Zhang, S., Sulankivi, K., Kiviniemi, M., Romo, I., Eastman, C.M. and Teizer, J., 2015.
BIM-based fall hazard identification and prevention in construction safety planning. Safety
science,72, pp.31-45.
[15] Zhou, Z., Goh, Y.M. and Li, Q., 2015. Overview and analysis of safety management studies
in the construction industry.Safety science, 72, pp.337-350.
19