Construction Technology Report: Hotel Building Project near UK Airport

Desklib provides past papers and solved assignments for students. This report details hotel construction, focusing on sustainable practices and civil engineering.

Unit 2 Construction Technology
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Contents
Introduction:...............................................................................................................................3
LO1: Explain the terminology used in construction technology...............................................4
P1: Describe the differences between residential, commercial and industrial buildings.......4
P2: Explain how the functional characteristics and design selection criteria are informed by
proposed building use............................................................................................................6
P3: Discuss the ways in which sustainability can be promoted in building projects.............7
M1: Apply the terminology used in construction technology to a given building
construction technology to a given building construction project.........................................8
LO2: Describe the different techniques used to construct a range of substructures and
superstructures, including their function and design selection criteria......................................9
P4: Describe the pre-design studies carried out and types of information collected for a
given construction site............................................................................................................9
P5: Explain the functional characteristics and design criteria for primary and secondary
elements of a building substructure and superstructure.......................................................10
M2: Analyze how site conditions impact on the design of foundations..............................11
M3: Illustrate how the component parts of an element allow it to fulfil its function..........12
LO3 Identify the different types of civil engineering/infrastructure technology used in support
of buildings...............................................................................................................................13
P6 Describe techniques used for remediating the site prior to construction commencing. .13
P7 Describe the types of substructure works carried out by civil engineers........................15
M4 Compare different types of structural frame used to carry the primary and secondary
elements of the superstructure..............................................................................................17
LO4 Illustrate the supply and distribution of a range of building services and how they are
accommodated within the building..........................................................................................18
P8 Describe the supply arrangements for primary services.................................................18
P9 Explain the distribution arrangements for primary services...........................................19
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M5 Demonstrate the elements of the superstructure used to facilitate the primary services
..............................................................................................................................................20
Conclusion................................................................................................................................21
References:...............................................................................................................................22
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Introduction:
Construction technology refers to the study of different methods and equipment that used
builds the different structure of buildings. Current assignment is to create a report about the
construction of a hotel building that is near an international airport in the UK. In this report,
the Student will learn about different types of building and their purposes. Next, they will
study the impact of sustainable materials and that they should be used instead of regular
building materials.
The student will also learn the importance of buildings and what are the functions it should
have. The student will gain deep knowledge about different terminologies used in
construction, also, different types of structures used in building construction like
superstructure, substructure, primary and secondary elements. It will be able to learn about
foundations, their types, and which foundation should be used in what site. They will also
learn about waste management materials and the different services required in the
construction of the building.
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LO1: Explain the terminology used in construction technology
P1: Describe the differences between residential, commercial and industrial
buildings
Industrial building: Buildings which are responsible for production and exportation of
goods are called Industrial buildings such as constructing factories, electrical and civil
methods. Industrial buildings are often located at a distance from the areas provided for
residents. These regions are indefinitely called Industrial areas. These buildings could not be
categorised as stylish buildings, they are only built for fulfilling their purposes. Also,
industrial buildings are designed in such a way that they can support equipment which is
large in size.
Commercial Buildings: Buildings, for example, office structures, various kinds of factories,
commercial buildings like malls, etc. All these buildings are used to serve a commercial
purpose and always have a common goal which is to gain some kind of profit from them.
These buildings do not provide any kind of facility for residence purpose; they are not built
for keeping people as resident. Commercial buildings are built on a large scale and are pretty
big project. Commercial buildings require proper planning and designing before being built.
Also, such large projects require much efforts and time and investment. In addition,
commercial buildings require much more safety measures and facilities to be included while
planning. There are certain standards and code of permits which needs to be fulfilled before
building such large scale buildings. Various facilities, for example, stairs, elevators, fire exits,
escalators, etc. need to be included in commercial buildings. Commercial industries require
skilled workers in order to be able to operate heavy machinery. Also, there should be a
mutual understanding between the architect and the worker; the workflow should be in the
correct manner.
Residential building: These are the type of building which is built for the purpose of
keeping and providing shelter to the residents. Examples of these buildings are apartments,
villas, mansion, condos, and all the building which build for the sole purpose of providing the
place to residents. Unlike, commercial buildings, these buildings are not building to gain any
kind of profit; neither are they built on a large scale compared to the commercial building.
Motels and Hotels of all kinds also come under the residential category, since; they are also
places which are built to keep residents inside. There are certain functionalities which need to
be kept in mind before designing the residential buildings. Also, these buildings need to be
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built closer to public transportation areas or places where all the resources are close. These
buildings are situated far from industrial buildings (The Civil ART, 2005).
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P2: Explain how the functional characteristics and design selection criteria are
informed by proposed building use
1) There are various parameters to estimate the cost which is required to construct a
building. The building should be cost effective and should last for a long time.
Because the construction and maintenance cost of the building is much more, so once
an investment is done, then the building should last for a lifetime. Cost of the building
might also depend on the owner’s choice and what kind of purpose they want the
building to fulfil. The whole cost of the building should include initial cost and
maintenance throughout life.
2) It is vital to know that all the functionalities which were required, the sole purpose for
which the building was built should be fulfilled. In such a situation, the building is
called fully functional. For example, a library build should be able to serve its
purpose, similarly, a hotel should be able to reside people and provide them with all
the comforts. Such a building is called a functional building.
3) Materials used should be environment-friendly. Also, sustainable materials should be
deployed in the construction of the building. A sustainable building makes sure that
the user needs are fulfilled and is sensitive towards it. Sustainable building should be
resilient towards natural calamities and should be able to withstand them.
4) Last, the safety of the people should be the most important task which needs to be
taken care of. Risk should be reduced, for all the citizens and people residing outside.
The building should be safe from any internal or external damage. Proper fire escape,
staircase, rooms for protection should be included in the building (Ghassin, 2016).
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P3: Discuss the ways in which sustainability can be promoted in building
projects.
There are various methods and standards which can be used to make sure sustainability is
present in the buildings before designing them. Some of these are mentioned below:
 Green materials could be deployed to make buildings more eco-friendly. Green
materials help by making the buildings more efficient and fill them up with more
energy. It also helps by performing better and protects the environment.
 Technologies based on resources which are renewable in nature could be used instead
of technologies which require non-renewable resources. Certain technologies could be
implemented in the building which uses solar energy or wind energy for the
production of electricity. For example, solar panels above rooftop could be used,
street lights within the society could be off of solar energy, heat pumps based on
wind-source could be implemented, and also biomass boilers could be deployed in the
building projects.
 Pollution should be minimized. The working environment should be kept clean and
nice so that the workers do not face any kind of problem while working. Smoking
should be prohibited at the working site, also consumption of illegal substances
should not be allowed. Recycling containers could be provided at the site of
construction and the workers and everyone else should be advised to use them instead
of throwing garbage everywhere.
 There should be proper management to treat the waste products generated during the
construction site. Certain hauliers could be hired. Their job is to divide the trash into
different categories. Then the products which could be recycled again, say, concrete
can be crushed, and used again in building the foundations. Also, concrete and waste
stones could be used in aggregate parking lots.
 Also, trash production could be minimized at the construction site. If the generation of
trash would be reduced then there would be minimal garbage to treat. Also,
minimizing the use of different materials would help in minimizing water production
(Lynch, 2017).
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M1: Apply the terminology used in construction technology to a given building
construction technology to a given building construction project
 Insulation: Material designed completely to trap the heat inside and provide warmth
within the building naturally. It can be placed anywhere, such as the floor, inside the
walls, or ceiling.
 Concrete: It is a material used in the construction of building components; it can be
used to build walls, slabs, columns, etc. of a building. Cement after being hardened
becomes concrete. It is a combination of cement mixed with water and sand.
 Building Information modelling: also known as BIM is used to design digital designs
of a building in a computer. All the intrinsic details could be added while designing
the structure of the building at an early stage.
 Floor plan: layout design made out of section which is horizontally present in the
building is called a floor plan. It is made to properly define connections present in the
various regions and the space present between them.
 Reinforced concrete: It is a strengthen concrete whose strength has been increased by
adding additional materials.
 Beams and Columns: they are used in the construction of a building to provide
support to the building. The construction is built on the basis of columns and beams.
They are generally made up of cement, steel and other (Tammen, 2018).
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LO2: Describe the different techniques used to construct a range of
substructures and superstructures, including their function and design
selection criteria
P4: Describe the pre-design studies carried out and types of information collected
for a given construction site
It is mandatory to collect all the necessary information about the construction site. It helps in
understanding different aspects better, also, it helps in properly planning and taking several
steps which may be important to use for the construction area. Some of these are:
 Agreements between two parties: Contract agreement is the foremost part between
two different parties which includes the contracting officer and the other party owner.
It is a valid document and proof about the particular construction site.
 Statement: The work must be divided into different categories and proper stages must
be well defined in order to understand how much work there is and later, it should
contain how much work has been done and how much has been left to complete.
 Terms and Conditions should be discussed: all the conditions regarding the
construction should be well discussed before the actual construction begins. Cost and
billing should be discussed with the client beforehand, any modifications, entitlement,
all these things require to be mentioned to the client and must be completed before.
 Resource list: a list should be prepared before the construction work begins; it must
contain all the resources, equipment, materials, which will be required in the later
construction work.
 Sketches: proper sketch must be prepared and shown to the client, if he/she approves
then only the work should proceed, if they mention any kind of modification, then that
must be prepared first and then final submission must be done.
 Insurances: all types of insurance which might be needed or the building should be
filed for and must be done before. It is to note that it must cover all the important files
and must provide proper protection against all odds (Team, 2017).
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P5: Explain the functional characteristics and design criteria for primary and
secondary elements of a building substructure and superstructure
Building components could be majorly categorized into two different parts:
 Superstructure
 Substructure
a) Superstructure: It is structured on either above or on the ground level. It commonly
consists of walls, columns, lintel, drip course, parapet, floor, doors and windows, roof,
sunshade, etc.
b) Substructure: Structure which is used to carry the load of the building falls under this
category. It usually works to carry the whole load of the building. It has the capacity
to bear the soil. It is constructed with the help reinforced cement, which is pretty
tensile and strong and can bear the load easily. To make the bottom part, it includes
cement, bricks, stones, etc.
Further, building components could be again distinguished on the basis of functionality
which they have, there are again two categories to describe them, which are primary and
secondary elements of a building.
Primary: It refers to all the components of the building which helps the building to stand and
without which the load of the building won’t be managed. It commonly consists, columns,
beams, structures made out of reinforced steel, and all the heavy and strong structures which
carries the load and helps transfer the heavy load to the ground level. It refers to all the
crucial parts without which the implementation and construction of the whole building will
not be possible.
Secondary: All the rest of the components which helps in maintaining the structure of the
building which is above the ground surface, but does not play any major role in providing any
kind of integrity to the structure is called as a secondary element. Façade is an example of a
secondary element of the building (Afsar, 2014).
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M2: Analyze how site conditions impact on the design of foundations
There are different factors which affect the foundation of the building. All these factors are
important to understand and note before designing the foundations of the building. Few have
been mentioned below:
a) Inclined construction sites: Surfaces which are either inclined or shallow always put a
huge obstacle in the construction of foundations. Areas which are closer to water
bodies have soil which is loose and prevents the foundations to be built upon them.
b) Importance of ground: Surface selection is the most important part of any
construction. There are various reasons which describe why the ground should be
perfect. Regions should be tested and well-studied so to provide better building
options. Such regions which are prone to earthquake and heavy rainfall should require
the different structure of the building and different materials.
c) Types of foundation: According to surface and type of soil, it is required to select to
perfect foundation to construct a building (Rock, 2017).
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