A Comprehensive Report on Contaminated Site and Waste Remediation

This report examines various remedial technologies used for contaminated site and waste remediation. It details three primary technologies: in situ oxidation, pump and treat, and multi-vapor extraction. In situ oxidation is presented as a method for removing organic contaminants by injecting oxidizing compounds. The pump and treat technology is explained for removing both organic and non-organic contaminants from groundwater. Multi-vapor extraction, which combines liquid and gas extraction, is described for removing biodegradable and semi-volatile organic compounds. The report includes a table summarizing the contaminants, location, geological cross-section, risk assessment, primary and secondary sources, mode of transport, exposure pathways, and exposed populations. The study also references the application of these technologies in specific scenarios, such as contaminated storage tanks and waste lagoons, providing a comprehensive overview of remediation strategies.

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CONTAMINATED SITE AND WASTE REMEDIATION
By Name
Course
Instructor
Institution
Location
Date

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REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES
In Situ Oxidation
The technology is mainly applied in the removal of organic contaminants such as Toluene, Ethyl
benzene, Benzene and Xylene.
The oxidising compound is usually injected into the source of the contaminant. .The chemical
reactions of the oxidising agent destroys the contaminants. The technology is designed in a
way to enable the extraction of the excess oxidiser compound and the oxidised contaminants
through the usage of the water treatment zone. In most cases hydrogen peroxide has been
used as an oxidising agent (Reible, D., 2013 p 28).
The technology which is mainly based on the chemical principles of the robust oxidising
agent to destroy the contaminants in their sources can be used to control the spread of the
pollutants in the storage tank by the use of ground water as a media.
The diagram below clearly shows on how the technology is used.
Process diagram for in situ oxidation

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Pump and treat remedial technology.
The technology is applied in removal of both organic and non-organic contaminants in the
ground water. The contaminated ground water is pumped from the subsurface and the treated
before it is discharged hence the name Pump and treat technology. It one of the most
common used redial technology in the ground water.
In the cases where the contaminant is not dissolved it can not cause any effect to the quality
of the ground water. In the cases where the main contaminant source is not previously
removed, the remediation technology can be very expensive and time consuming. This
remediation technology is usually affected by the ground water hydraulics because of the
abatement which are generated when there is a constant flow (Reible, D., 2013 p 164).
The main benefit of this remedial technology is that it provides both the ground water
restoration and the hydraulic interception of the barrier and also provides protection of the
potential receptors this technology can be used in the lagoon for the removal of the
contaminants. The diagram bellow is an illustration on Pump and treat remedial technology
works.

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Multi-vapour Extraction remedial technology
This remedial technology is the combined processes of extraction of liquid and gases from
the underground. This processes takes place in two forms.
This remedial technology can be applicable in the removal of the biodegradable and semi
volatile organic compounds which are in the unsaturated zones, the sites which have
recoverable non-aqueous phase liquid.
This technology was to be used in the storage stank and use ground water as the media.
Dual phase extraction where by separate pumps/conduits conveys liquid and gas from the
extraction well. The diagram below illustrates on how the dual phase extraction.

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The two-phase extraction process involves the same conduit /pumps to convey gas and liquid
from the slurping which is the extraction well.
The technology was chosen because.
To be used to enhance the extraction of soil gas in order to achieve bioventing.
To enhance the process of accomplishment of free recovery which is also referred to as bio
slurping (Sarsby, R. W., 2017.).
The technology was also used to increase the output of water production from the low-yield
aquifers.

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The contaminants in soil and ground water.
Location Contaminants available
ground water
Toluene
Lead
Nickel
Barium
Soil Chromium
Toluene.
Geologica cross-section

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Risk assessment
Primary
sources
Secondary
sources
Mode of
transport
Exposure
pathways
Exposed population
Sludge by-
products from
waste water
treatment
plant(buried
near
manufacturing
building and
sludge
lagoons)
Impacted
shallow
aquifer in
total
Percolation through
soil and groundwater
transport
Ingestion (impact
of recreational
fishing areas,
wetlands and
portable water
wells.
 Resident(portable
well)
 Community(fishing)
 Ecological
(wetland)
 Crystal river
Impacted
subsurface
soils beneath
waste
lagoons and
immediate
surroundings
Percolation through
soil and groundwater
transport Soil
ingestion/dermal
Workers onsite.
Impacted
surficial
soils
Wind erosion and
atmospheric
dispersion
Inhalation
 Workers onsite
 Local residents
 Ecological
receptors.
Impact of Ingestion(eventual  Resident(portable

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Former above
ground
storage tank
adjacent
manufacturing
building
containing
gasoline
surficial
soils
Surface/stormwater
Run-off
run-off into
reactional fishing
area and wetland)
well)
 Ecological
(wetland)
 Crystal river
Impacted
subsurface
soil beneath
AST
Volatilisation Inhalation
Workers onsite.
Impacted
shallow
aquifer-
dissolved
plumes
Leaching/groundwater
Transport.
Ingestion
 Workers onsite
 Local residents
 Ecological
receptors.
 Crystal river
References.