Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry Report - [University Name]

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary travel and tourism industry. It begins by outlining key milestones in the industry's development and explores the various elements that create the tourist experience, including travel agents, tour operators, accommodation, transportation, and tourist attractions. The report then delves into the factors affecting tourism behavior, such as safety, personal budget, and the influence of the internet and social media. It also examines models of motivation, specifically Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and how they influence consumer decision-making. Furthermore, the report identifies recent patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry. Finally, it examines factors affecting the popularity of global destinations, providing a well-rounded overview of the industry's current state and future direction.

CONTEMPORARY
TRAVEL AND
TOURISM INDUSTRY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
P1 Key milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry and how they have
shaped the travel and tourism industry........................................................................................4
P2 Various elements of the travel and tourism industry and how they interrelate to create the
tourist experience........................................................................................................................6
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................8
P3 Determine the different factors affecting tourism behaviour.................................................8
P4 Explain models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making
process.........................................................................................................................................8
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................8
P5 Identification of Recent patterns and trends in international travel and tourism industry...8
TASK 4 ...........................................................................................................................................8
P6 Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations.....................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is concerned with movement of individual or groups from one place to another
for the purpose of leisure and recreation services. It comprises of transportation system,
accommodation, tours, adventure, insurance which are classified under tangible and intangible
components. Tourism is classified as winter, niche, health tourism and many more. The travel
and tourism industry is fastest growing sector in UK, major part profit is contributed towards
improvement and development of economy. This sector is largest and successful sector of
hospitality and service industry. In order to have proper understanding this report is going
discuss about key milestones for development and various elements of travel and tourism
industry. Also different factors, motivation model will be discussed to known about tourism
behaviour. It has been identified about recent trends and patterns in International Travel and
Tourism Industry. At last is has been examined about various factors which influence popularity
of global destinations. (Bærenholdt, 2016).
TASK 1
P1 Key milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry and how they have
shaped the travel and tourism industry.
The travel and tourism industry of hospitality sector is majorly responsible for
economic development and sustainable growth. Their have been major changes from last
decades and is emerging with fast pace. The major milestones for development of this industry
emerged form 16th century and still continuing. The important milestones concerned with
development of this sector are shown in table below:-

Key milestones in travel and tourism industry in different sector of time are as follows:
Period For what purpose
individuals travel
Travel agent usual
distance travel
Destination
1600 During this period of
time the purpose of
tourist was visit
religious places and
travel for business
work.
No At that point of time
people mainly prefer
to travel either through
sea ways or carts for
local area travels.
1800 People of this era use
to travel with the aim
to spend precious time
with family, friends
and relatives. And
their was also to visit
spiritual places.
No The people use to
travel with the help of
boat, house cart , ship
bullock carts and
many more.
1900 In this era the aim of
travel was for having
entertainment,explorin
g new and best places
and for business
expansion and related
work.
Yes In these years the
people started
travelling with the
help of billboards,
steamboats, canals,
roads, aeroplanes and
many more to travel
on both national and
international level
with the motive to
explore views.
2000 From this point of time Yes Now people started

the motive behind
travel was concerned
with spending quality
time with families,
relatives and friends.
Also for purpose of
business, visiting
temples and going
abroad for study
purpose.
travelling with trains,
aeroplanes, buses, cars
, ships and cruise.
Their are different sectors in this industry like transportation, food and beverages which are very
much important for higher satisfaction level. In order to have competitive advantage over rival
firms it is necessary to provide good quality services and products to tourists. Various factors
which have shaped travel and tourism industry are described below:-
1. Hotel Industry- There are more and more people travelling on overseas holidays as they
have more time for leisure, higher income level and rise in ownership of car which leads
to development of this industry. Along with this tourists must be provided be effective
and better amenities for accommodation and lodging.
2. Technological Developments- Due to technological advancements travel and tourism
industry is growing rapidly as there are developments in jet aircraft, and techniques of
working.
3. Food and beverages - This factor has shaped travel and tourism sector as there is more
exposure of television and other social media- platforms which motivates customer's to
travel in UK or international level. Also, food provided by hotels and restaurants should
be hygienic and healthy.
4. Product Development And Innovation- There is huge development in this sector because
of innovative products and services are offered to customer's. Their is introduction of
holidays package, camps, seaside resorts and various attractions which lead to increase in
demand and growth of this industry.

P2 Various elements of the travel and tourism industry and how they interrelate to create the
tourist experience.
Their are various components of travel and tourism sector which are concerned
with developing and creating experience of tourists as they are interrelated to each other. As the
main objective of this business is to grab attention of more and more travellers and visitors
emphasising upon rendering them with wonderful and memorable experience. Inbound tourism
is refereed to as activities of visitors who travel beyond their usual environment for not more
than 1 year or 24 years whereas outbound tourism includes activities carried by residents of
given country who travel and stay outside resident country for leisure and business purpose and
domestic tourism is concerned with travelling only resident country by its residents. Therefore
different elements which are interconnected for developing best experience for tourists are
described below:-
(Source: Components of Tourism Industry, 2012)
Illustration 1: Components of Tourism Industry

 Travel Agent- These individuals provides information to visitors regarding different
destinations, packages as per their needs, offers and proper plan for their travel. They are
responsible for selling products related to travel such as insurance, cars on rent, currency
exchange etc. they are interconnected with experience of tourist as they mainly focuses
on providing each and every necessary information which is concerned with tourism.
 Tour Operator- They are intermediaries between tourists and agent. These operators are
responsible to provide detailed information which includes how to travel, where to stay,
and other necessary services. Also this comprises of pick and drop facility, excursions,
sightseeing and many more. If services provided by tour operators are as per customer
expectation and needs which will provide them with amazing experience.
 Accommodation- This is most important element for both tourist as well as travel agent.
The information regarding lodging and catering can be included in packages or marketed
to individual and tour groups. When customer's stay in complex, resorts, holiday village,
and hotels forms part of primary accommodation whereas secondary accommodation
consist of farm houses, sleeper trains, holiday centres and hostels. The quality and price
of accommodation are interrelated with experience of tourists so it must be maintained
effectively.
 Transportation services - There are various modes of transport which can be operated
for purpose of travel and tourism. These modes can be cruise lines, rail companies,
airlines and car rentals. It is interconnected with experience of tourist as choice of
transport depends upon tourists budget, time, purpose, convenience and destination.
 Information And Guiding- This is concerned with informative services which includes
communication channel, banking services, tour guides, ticket agents, insurance and
recreational activities. If proper information and guidance not provided tourist or visitor
will have bad experience as their expectations are not fulfilled.
 Tourist Attractions- To attract more and more visitors package must include famous
attractions which can be museum, educational centre, gallery and theme parks. So to
provide wonderful experience to tourist countries and industries must focus on promotion
of famous attractions as this might help to grab attention of potential tourist and visitors.

TASK 2
P3 Determine the different factors affecting tourism behaviour.
Tourism industry is one of leading and successful industry in world because many people
are associated with it and contributes to national income for economic development. Their are
many factors by which behaviour of tourist get affected. Some of them are listed below:-
 Safety and security : One of the most major factor which effect behaviour of tourists
and customer's. Every person love to travel and enjoy their holidays but with proper
safety and security measures. So, places with less safety and high degree of risk than
least customer's are attracted and more customer's get attracted where safety and security
is maintained.
 Personal Budget- People with worst economy also want to travel and have wonderful
time. Tourists plan to travel according to their budget and prices of airlines, packages,
services and many more. If there is increase in some charges than less tourists will be
attracted and when there are offers and discounts than more will be attracted as they will
be influenced in positive manner (Novelli, 2016).
 Internet and Social Media- Now tourists are well aware about every necessary
information. They have prompt access to reviews and opinions related to
accommodation, agencies, services, airline industries. Also, tourist take help of social
media to know and examine about particular destination, service or company. Therefore,
social media and internet influence behaviour of tourist.
P4 Explain models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making process.
For motivating customer's of travel and tourism sector it is essential for companies to
identify and analyse needs , expectations of them so that it would be easy to provide products
and services in such a way that customer's get maximum satisfaction and experience (Smith,
2015). For this purpose various theories of motivation can be used for influencing decision-
making process of customer's. In context of this industry Maslow's need hierarchy theory is
discussed below:-

Illustration 2:Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
(Source: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 2017)
 Physiological Needs- These are basic needs which customer's want to get fulfilled and
change their behaviour in positive aspects. Various basic needs are food, air, water,
clothing and shelter.
 Safety Needs- The place where customers are travelling for holiday want to remain safe
and secure. If the place is risky than this factor influence decision of tourists.
 Social Belongingness Needs- It is essential for companies to design and develop such
holidays for their customer's so that they get complete love and affection by feeling
special. This is concerned with happiness and satisfaction so there decision changes as
per their level of expectation.
 Esteem Needs- This need is associated with respect and esteem. This include needs like
achievement, knowledge, confidence and independence. In case of tourists decision get
influenced as per their needs and wants (Vogel, 2016).
 Self-actualisation Needs- This is highest level of need which is concerned with realizing
potential, growth, creativity and self-fulfilment. As per this need decision gets affected of
tourists when they want some extreme adventure and enjoyment in their holiday package.

TASK 3
P5 Identification of Recent patterns and trends in international travel and tourism industry.
Their are many recent trends for travel and tourism industry at international level are
listed below:-
 Increase In Last Minute Booking- Now-a-days tourists prefer to book tickets at last
moment as sudden plans are made by them to go on holiday. The major drawback of this
is that tour operators are unable to plan resources and activities for providing amazing
experience to tourists (Battour and Ismail, 2016).
 Travellers Visiting New Destination- Their is rise in demand by travellers to visit new
and unexplored destination which are full of adventure and fun. The new destinations
being preferred by tourists includes USA, Spain, and UK.
 Ecological And Educational Tours More In Demand- Tourists are now focusing on
funding for forests, ecological projects, animal restoration so there is increase in demand
for ecological projects. Also, people want to increase their knowledge and experience so
educational tours are in demand.
TASK 4
P6 Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations.
The popularity of various global destination is affected by different factors in travel and
tourism industry. The destinations selected by travel agent or operator must be attractive as this
would provide maximum satisfaction. Some of different factors which are affecting popularity of
destination are as follows:-
 Cultural importance- the popularity of particular place or destination gets affected due to
historical and cultural importance to great extent. Their can be rise in number of tourists
if their packages include such destinations having attractive culture and amazing history.
As now customers are curious to learn about culture and history than they would like to
visit sculpture, castles and forts. Their will be more number of tourists for that destination
which shows both culture and historical importance (Bærenholdt, 2016).
 Terrorism- This factor has negative impact popularity of destination among tourists. As
people visit various destinations with purpose of leisure and enjoyment. Also they want
that their journey is safe and secure. Their will be decline in number of tourists because

of terrorist attack develop fear amongst them as they feel unsafe at that particular
destination (Fang, 2016). Some of destinations which tourists avoid to travel includes
New Zealand and Sri Lanka.
 Environment- The destination for travel becomes popular among the tourists because of
soothing environment and climate. Their is negative impact on the tourism as many
uncertainties rise such as cyclones, drought, extreme hot climate and floods. The
destination which have proper climate and weather than that country will be more
popular among tourists. Some of popular destinations because of environment are France,
Italy, Paris and many more (Boniface, 2016).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be suggested that there is tremendous growth of travel and
tourism industry and also contributes in economic development of country, this report helps in
understanding that this sector has high degree of growth potential. Also, there are various factors
which affect decisions of tourists and are interrelated with each other. Along with this it has been
analysed that national and international economy will foster because of travel and tourism sector.
Lastly it can be said that there are factors lay down either positive or negative impact on
popularity of global destination.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bærenholdt, J. O., Haldrup, M. and Urry, J., 2017. Performing tourist places. Routledge.
Battour, M. and Ismail, M. N., 2016. Halal tourism: Concepts, practises, challenges and
future. Tourism management perspectives. 19. pp.150-154.
Boniface, B., Cooper, R. and Cooper, C., 2016. Worldwide destinations: The geography of travel
and tourism. Routledge.
Fang, B., Ye, Q. and Law, R., 2016. Effect of sharing economy on tourism industry
employment. Annals of Tourism Research. 57(3). pp.264-267.
Giaoutzi, M., 2017. Tourism and regional development: New pathways. Routledge.
Holden, A., 2016. Environment and tourism. Routledge.
Mason, P., 2015. Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge.
Moutinho, L. and Vargas-Sanchez, A. eds., 2018. Strategic Management in Tourism, CABI
Tourism Texts. Cabi.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and
new tourism in the third world. Routledge.
Novelli, M., Morgan, N., Mitchell, G. and Ivanov, K., 2016. Travel philanthropy and sustainable
development: the case of the Plymouth–Banjul Challenge. Journal of Sustainable Tourism.24(6).
pp.824-845.
Smith, M. K., 2015. Issues in cultural tourism studies. Routledge.
Vogel, H. L., 2016. Travel industry economics: a guide for financial analysis. Springer.
Online source
Components of Tourism Industry. 2012. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.technofunc.com/index.php/domain-knowledge/travel-and-tourism-
domain/item/components-of-tourism-industry>.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. 2017 [Online]. Available through:
<https://damienfremont.com/2017/11/11/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-for-software-
developers/ >