Pearson BTEC HND Travel and Tourism: Contemporary Industry Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the contemporary travel and tourism industry, examining its key developments, elements, and the factors that influence tourism behavior. It delves into milestones in the industry's evolution, including the impact of globalization, technological advancements, and lifestyle changes. The report further analyzes the elements of the travel and tourism industry, such as transportation, attractions, safety, and accommodation. It also explores factors affecting tourism behavior, including destination appeal, social influences, culture, and technology, as well as models of motivation. The report also discusses recent and emerging patterns in the industry and the factors that affect the popularity of a destination, providing a detailed analysis of the UK's tourism landscape.

THE CONTEMPORARY
TRAVEL AND TOURISM
INDUSTRY

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Milestones in the key development of the travel and tourism industry............................3
P2 Elements of travel and tourism industry...........................................................................5
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................6
P3 Factors that affect tourism behaviour................................................................................6
P4 Models of motivation........................................................................................................7
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................8
P5 Recent and emerging patterns...........................................................................................8
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................9
P6 Factors affecting the popularity of a destination...............................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
Books and Journals...............................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is also known as traveling which can be for pleasure or business tours. The
countries which have a high tourist attraction must have good accommodation facilities and
tourist attraction spots so that the customers would want to visit such places if they wish to. The
places which are dependent on the tourism factors must make sure that the country's environment
is clean and the customers or tourists are having a comfortable stay in the country.
People travel because that relaxes them from the daily routine, and they get relaxed for
the next objective or aim they have to now focus on. Traveling makes the people very relaxed
and makes them focus and motivated to work on other things then. And the people who travel for
business tours also should get all the comfort so that they can achieve there objects for which
they had to travel so much.
United Kingdom has a high rate of tourism coming in the country for business and
pleasure travels and the country had 37.9 million of tourists which came in the country in 2018.
The country provides a comfortable stay and makes the tourists very comfortable in the country
because the country makes a good economy because of the tourism.
LO 1
P1 Milestones in the key development of the travel and tourism industry
There are a lot of milestones in the development of tourism and travel in United Kingdom
because that is making the economy of the country better and the country is getting to develop
themselves (Tan and et.al., 2017). The milestones the country has founded are as follows.
Development of tourism act 1969 (Globalization)
All the departments which provided the service to the tourists in the country or the
tourism should be given one voice so that the tourist are satisfied and comfortable with the
services. The tourism also created enough finds for the development of the hotels and
accommodations in the country. The development and tourism of Great Britain had to increase
therefore they had to make this Act, 1969 come into consideration.
Air passenger duty (APD) 1996 (Advances in transport)
The country put high taxation on the flights so that the citizens of the country could not
travel outside the country and the economy flights had lower taxation so that traveling within the

country was making the tourism grow. In 2006 the government increased the taxation even more
so that the government and the tourism department could make a profit in the country.
Disability discrimination act (DDA)
The government has put laws so that there is no discrimination between the customers or
the tourist in the country specially with those who have disabilities (Bellini and Pasquinelli,
2017). Everyone should be treated equally and the people should be satisfied and comfortable
with their travels so that the country could not just earn a good economy but also respect for the
step they have taken for the people who have disability
Package Holidays 1949
This package was for the people who traveled, and they wanted to make the entire trip be
planned out for them which included the stay and food and transport. The first package trip was
planned in 1949 which included the tourists every expense and the trip costed the tourist only
32.50 euro. In the 1970's this package trips became very popular because people did not have
time to plan there entire trip, and they wanted to travel new places and explore so this package
became a hit for the people in the world.
Technological Development 1990
The technology plays an important role in the tourism because it helps the people to book
the tickets and rooms because that is the requirement of the tourist. Technology is making the
process of booking everything so simple and the development in the technology is very
important because the more similar the process the more customers will want to travel.
Lifestyle changes (Infrastructure)
The lifestyle of the people of the country changes because of the tourist coming in the
country because the more the tourist the more the people of the country will get to know about
other cultures and that way the country will grow (Hsu and et.al., 2016). The adaption of other
culture could be positive and negative but the thinking process of the country's population will
increase and the growth of the individuals as people.
Effect of tourism on the GDP
There is a change in the economy patter of the country if there are more tourists traveling
in the country because the GDP of the country will increase. The country will be able to develop
themselves overall. There are new jobs opening in the country when there is more tourism in the
country and more employment will be provided to the people.

P2 Elements of travel and tourism industry
There are a lot of factors which a tourist considers when it comes to traveling in a certain
country and the factors will influence the tourist from traveling. The country must have factors
which will suit the conditions for the tourist to travel. The elements of the travel and tourism
company are many and the following are the major elements of them.
1. Transportation- The transportation in United Kingdom is very well build which adds up
to why the tourist must go to this country for vacations, business trips or any other
reason. There are buses, cab, metro, trains, etc which are well-connected in this country
and the transportation within the country is not much costly.
2. Attractions- There are a lot of attraction areas in the country like Big Ben, tower of
London, Coca-Cola London Eye, etc. There are a lot of historical areas too which the
tourists will be attracted to and there is a history of the country which is very attractive
and the people who are interested in history must go to United Kingdom.
3. Information Center- The country has information centre in the country especially for the
tourists so that they do not get lost and can visit all the sites in the country which are
worth visiting.
4. Safety and security- The tourist which travel across countries have to be given the safety
and security by the country's government or surety so that they can travel freely. The
government of United Kingdom makes sure of that factor to the tourism so that the
people love to travel in the country (McWha and et.al., 2016). The tourist if they are not
safe and secure they will first not travel to that country and if they get that then they will
be able to travel freely.
5. Weather- The weather of a place also matters because if the weather is in the extremes
conditions then the people will not be able to travel to those places. The country having
extreme rainfall, summer or winter then the tourist will not be able to travel to those
places because they want a weather conditions which are pleasant so that the customers
are happy with there comfortable weather. The best time to visit United Kingdom is in
late march or early June and the other time to travel in United Kingdom is September to
November (Richards, 2015).
6. Accommodation- The countries have to make sure the tourists are getting proper place
where they can stay and that will make the country have a better name for themselves,

and they will have a respect of their own. The country gets more hotels and more
employment can take place in the country so that the GDP of the country can grow. There
are a lot of people who are getting employment if this industry is promoted in the world.
7. Historical and cultural factors- The country must have their own historical and culture of
their own because that is also a factor which will attract more customers and that will be
very good for the country. United Kingdom has its own culture and historical places
which the customers want to visit so that is a huge advantage for the country to attract
more tourist. It is very important for the countries to have these factors because when
tourist travel they want to visit such places because that is something which tells them
about the city or the country.
8. Communication system- The country, United Kingdom is having English as there most
spoken language which gives all the people to interact with the tourists which are coming
in the country. It is very easy for the tourist to find places and interact with everyone
because they have a language in common (Fennell, 2015).
LO 2
P3 Factors that affect tourism behaviour
There are a lot of factors which influence the tourism of a country. The country must be
situated in a nice place where the people have easy accessibility to things or should be liked by
the tourists so that the country will get tourism there. The countries which are dependent on
tourism for there economy they have to have good factors which will attract customers. The
factors which influence tourism are as follows.
1. Tourism Destination- There are a set of factors which are wanted by the tourist of a place
because that is there basic want when they travel to different countries. Like, water,
accommodations, accessibility, clean surroundings, etc. The tourists who are getting all
this in one place then that place becomes a destination for the tourists. There are a lot of
places which are not providing that to tourists and tourists are given fake promises which
will ave an impact on the other tourists who want to travel to that location.
2. Social factors- The country must have social network strong so that they can be direct
information about the country to the tourist who want to come in the country. Interact
with the tourist of the people of the country is very important because the tourist will get

to learn a lot and also will the locals get to know a lot from the tourist. This is a negative
approach as well for the tourist to travel for because it should come from within only then
they will enjoy the holiday.
3. Culture- Tourist get to learn the different culture and exchange of ideas can also take
place in this process. Culture exchange can give people knowledge and make the people
more aware of the different kind of thinking in the world (Bærenholdt, Haldrup and Urry,
2017). There is a lot of learning which is present in the tourist and the local areas of the
world which can lead to a better lifestyle and living for the people of the country.
4. Technological- Technology can be used to make the tourist aware of the offers which the
country is having to promote the tourism in United Kingdom. Technological has made it
so convenient for the tourists to book their books and transportation so that the tourists
can feel comfortable and promotes tourism in the country as well.
5. Unemployment- The GDP of the country is not growing because the tourism in the
country has developed and is giving a lot of people employment in the country which is a
very good factor for the people. This is providing the people with the right knowledge
and the skills to develop themselves and make a living out for themselves.
P4 Models of motivation
There is a need of motivation in the tourist for traveling because only then they will
willingly want to travel. The purpose of motivation so that there are more tourist in the country.
McIntosh, Goeldner and Ritchie have given their own motivation theory to explain the human
wants and needs so that if those get fulfilled then the tourist will travel more the country which is
serving the tourists with their needs (Haas, Fedler and Brooks, 2017).
McIntosh Motivation Theory
This theory was given by Geoldner and Ritchie in 1995 which is divided into four stages
which are physical motivator, cultural motivation, interpersonal motivator and status and prestige
motivators (Wu and et.al., 2016).
1. Physical Motivator- There is a need of motivation physically because there are so many
people who are not willing to travel because they do not find any motivation in doing that
since it costs a lot and it is not relaxing for many people (Prebensen, Chen and Uysal,
2018). People should consider near places if there is cost issues and if they are traveling

far then they should have a planned leave and no work pressure so that they can enjoy the
vacations.
2. Cultural motivator- There are a lot of cultures which are found in the entire world and the
people must appreciate those factors so that the people can learn more from that factor.
The lifestyle of people can improve and the way of thinking might get positive when they
see other cultures therefore there is a motivation for traveling required and culture is the
best way to motivate people for traveling. Exploring and getting to know more people
will help the tourists get wiser in nature and learn a lot which can be good for personal
growth. Cultural factors of people do attract a lot of tourists to travel from one people to
another so that they can gain a lot.
3. Interpersonal Motivator- There is a connection and meeting new people when a traveler
travels in the world. There are different experiences which are shared and people get to
know more about life. Customers get attracting to traveling because of their personal
experience gain by traveling to different locals all the time.
4. Status and Prestige Motivator- There is a personal growth when the people start traveling
and that helps them to make sure that there is a person who will gets the personal ego
boost up for the betterment of the personal lives. There are a lot of people who just travel
so that they can have a better name in the society and show the world that they have
enough money to travel. This is to places which they can get noticed in with a lot of
population so that they can meet more people and get more contacts for business growth
ideas.
LO 3
P5 Recent and emerging patterns
There are a lot of trends which can be noticed in the tourists and the countries who are
dependent on these factors must improve on these factors so that they can attract more tourists in
their country (Mostafanezhad and et.al., 2016). With the change in the needs and wants of the
tourist the people are changing there destination of visiting places too and to achieve that the
countries have to develop themselves so that the tourist want to travel to those places and the
country can increase there economy condition. The trends which people have taken are as
follows.

Solo Travel
There is a huge change which can be noticed because of the shift in the tourists who used
to travel for family leisure or business purpose. It is noticed recently that the youngsters want to
travel alone so that they can have their own time, find activities which would be interesting for
them pass time and also to find partners for themselves. This is a very good way of doing things
because they are independent, and they get to do more things than they would if the entire family
goes together. The country these people travel to can make huge profits if they understand the
wants and needs of these young crowd. United Kingdom has understood the importance of this
factor and is really helping the country to grow and increase there economy.
Local Experience
There is a lot one can learn from a local experience and now the tourists are also looking
for places where they can celebrate local festivals and holidays (Robinson and et.al., 2016).
United Kingdom has high taxation on the flights which are going across seas so that the people
can travel within the country so that they get to know their own culture and explore more in their
own country. The tourists who come from across seas also want to experience the local life
because that will tell them the culture of the country they are visiting.
Personalization
There are places which one searches for online and there are ads of the same city which
pop up in the notifications or the apps one uses. That is personalization of the travel trips one
would want to go for, this is more like marketing for the tourism department and attracting more
guests. In the present world the tourist want to experience those things which they have expected
in the country to happen and that is done by the personalization from the apps which can book
exactly what you want to do (Țîțu, Răulea and Țîțu, 2016). The more closely the experience will
be of the client the more they will want to visit again and again to the same city.
There are a lot of people who are getting influenced by digital technology in the traveling
and tourism department because the industry has made it so much easier for the customers to
book rooms and transportation online so that they have no worries when they are traveling and
will be a great advantage for the customers. The reason for this to happen is for the satisfaction
and comfort of the customers and that is very important in any industry therefore the customers
have been provided with the digital marketing purpose so that the customers can get everything
they need at their finger tips.

LO 4
P6 Factors affecting the popularity of a destination
There are a lot of factors which will influence a country's destination places because the
needs and wants of the human keep changing with the change in time. The tourism of a place
must never die because that will not make anyone gains any profits and the cities or the countries
must try there the best so that they can gain a profit from it. The factors that influence a
destination are as follows.
Recommendations
The recommendations can come from a friend or a relative if they have had a good time
in the particular place, and they make a huge difference for the people to go to those places. The
country like United Kingdom makes sure that the tourists that are coming in the country are
having a good time in the country because they must feel welcomed and must get the respect
they deserve everywhere they travel in the country (Radojevic, Stanisic and Stanic, 2015).
Customers or tourists who do not get that then the recommendations also get negative and the
other people who would want to travel to those places will not be able to. Word of mouth is even
a good source of promotions because those are more trusted and acceptable by the tourists.
Comprehensive information online
Traveling includes a lot of money which is involved in this process and the tourists who
are putting in there money for traveling they must get the full information of what they are going
to see in the country and what the tourists must be expecting out of the country. The tourist must
be given full information about what they are opting for because that will make them very
comfortable with the idea of traveling. United Kingdom has one company who deals with the
information about there country because they will not just guide the tourist properly but also give
the tourist the right and true situation of the country so that the tourist who are traveling to there
country will not expect too much and will not get disappointed later.
Availability of offers
There must be offers provided by the country so that they can make the tourism of their
country even more popular so that the people who are traveling are more willing to travel into
the country. United Kingdom has provided its tourist with special offer who are traveling
overseas because they want more people to come to United Kingdom and experience and have a

comfortable stay so that they can get more tourism in there country which will increase there
economy rates (Hughes, Weaver and Pforr, 2015).
SWOT
SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat. The swot of travel and
tourism is as follows-
The weather conditions of a place is a very important factor for the place to have tourism.
The workforce in this industry is very strong. Government can be the weakness of this industry
and management of the tourism destinations can be another weakness for this industry. There is a
scope of new market for tourism products and the industry is growing rapidly. Though the threats
for this industry are substitute of competition in the market and there will be an effect the oil
prices in the world.
PEST
PEST stands for political, social, economic and technological factors of an industry. The
pest of tourism industry is as follows-
There is no stability in the government of the world and the government has a huge play
in the tourism industry. The economic conditions of the countries who are having a huge tourism
can improve that factor and employment can be recovered in the country. The influence of media
on the social aspect is present therefore this industry can grow a lot. All the tourism industrial
factors are becoming technological friendly because technology is having a great influence on
this industry.
CONCLUSION
United Kingdom is a country which wants more and more tourism in their country
because they have experienced terrorism in the country which was in London, and they are ready
to give more safety and security to the tourist. The country is trying its best to provide the best of
facilities to the tourist so that they can make the country have a respect for themselves in the
entire world. United Kingdom is doing very well in their own ways, and they are willing to
increase there economy rates in the world so that they can make a better living of themselves.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bærenholdt, J.O., Haldrup, M. and Urry, J., 2017. Performing tourist places. Routledge.
Bellini, N. and Pasquinelli, C., 2017. Tourism in the City (No. DEMO-BOOK-2018-055).
Springer International Publishing.
Fennell, D.A., 2015. Ethics in tourism. In Education for sustainability in tourism (pp. 45-57).
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Haas, A.R., Fedler, T. and Brooks, E.J., 2017. The contemporary economic value of
elasmobranchs in The Bahamas: Reaping the rewards of 25 years of stewardship and
conservation. Biological conservation. 207. pp.55-63.
Hsu, A.Y.C and et.al., 2016. In-destination tour products and the disrupted tourism industry:
progress and prospects. Information Technology & Tourism. 16(4). pp.413-433.
Hughes, M., Weaver, D. and Pforr, C. eds., 2015. The practice of sustainable tourism: resolving
the paradox. Routledge.
McWha, M.R and et.al., 2016. Writing for the anti-tourist? Imagining the contemporary travel
magazine reader as an authentic experience seeker. Current Issues in Tourism. 19(1).
pp.85-99.
Mostafanezhad, M and et.al., 2016. Political ecology of tourism: Community, power and the
environment. Routledge.
Prebensen, N.K., Chen, J.S. and Uysal, M. eds., 2018. Creating experience value in tourism.
Cabi.
Radojevic, T., Stanisic, N. and Stanic, N., 2015. Ensuring positive feedback: Factors that
influence customer satisfaction in the contemporary hospitality industry. Tourism
Management. 51. pp.13-21.
Richards, G., 2015. The new global nomads: Youth travel in a globalizing world. Tourism
Recreation Research. 40(3). pp.340-352.
Robinson, P and et.al., 2016. Operations management in the travel industry. Cabi.
Tan, S.H and et.al., 2017. The impact of the dimensions of environmental performance on firm
performance in travel and tourism industry. Journal of environmental management. 203.
pp.603-611.
Țîțu, M.A., Răulea, A.S. and Țîțu, Ș., 2016. Measuring service quality in tourism
industry. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 221. pp.294-301.
Wu, C.H and et.al., 2016. An online niche-market tour identification system for the travel and
tourism industry. Internet Research. 26(1). pp.167-185.