Analysis of the Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry - Unit 1

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary travel and tourism industry, focusing on key milestones, components, and emerging trends. It examines the evolution of the industry, highlighting factors such as technology, globalization, and changing consumer demands. The report explores the interrelation of various components like accommodation, attractions, and accessibility in creating tourist experiences. It also delves into the diverse factors that influence tourism behavior, including push and pull factors, models of motivation (like Dann's), and their impact on consumer decision-making. Furthermore, the report discusses recent patterns and trends in international travel and tourism, along with factors affecting the popularity of global destinations, offering insights into the industry's challenges and opportunities. The report uses Cosmos, a UK-based independent tourism company, as a case study throughout the analysis.

Unit 1: The
Contemporary Travel
and Tourism Industry

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Examine key milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry & how they have
shaped the travel as well as tourism industry.....................................................................................3
P2 Analyse several components of travel/ tourism industry and explore how they interrelate to
create tourist experience....................................................................................................................4
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................5
P3 Analyse diverse factors that impacts tourism behaviour...............................................................5
P4 Examine models of motivation & how they influence consumer decision making process..........6
TASK 3.................................................................................................................................................7
P5 Discuss recent and emerging patterns and trends in international travel and tourism industry.....7
P6 Examine factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations..................................8
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................11
Books & Journal:.............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism sector has been involving within period of time and they are
making life of people easier and convenient to move from one place to another. With
changing period of time this sector is growing at rapid scale with more facilities and
alternative options to public and individuals (Amerta, 2018). Cosmos, independent tourism
company headquartered in UK. This company provides different packages related to tourism
and travelling. Main aim of this report is to understanding sector of travel and tourism
industry in this contemporary market. This report comprises of different milestones in
development of travel and tourism industry, components of tourism industry, factors
affecting tourism behaviour, models of motivation, emerging patterns and trends in
international travel and elements impacting upon popularity of global destinations.
TASK 1
P1 Examine key milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry & how they
have shaped the travel as well as tourism industry
The development of travel as well as tourism industry has been evolving and
changing from past decades. Moreover different milestones and time scale in development of
this industry is discussed below-
Time scale of tourism industry in shaping development-
PERIOD For what purpose
individuals travel
Travel agent usual
distance travel
Destination
1990
In this era, main
purpose of travelling
was mostly for
business related
work and exploring
new places and
having entertainment
zone (Çelik, 2019).
Yes In this period people
used to travel
through steamboats
canal roads and other
way of travelling.
2000
As time changes
people start travelling
in this period for
work, fun, meeting
up with new people
etc.
Yes To reach to
destination travelling
was done through
trains, aeroplanes,
self-rides etc.
2012
In this year of 2012,
many people use to
travel for destination
weddings, exploring
new places and many
more.
Yes People used to travel
through personal
vehicles, rental cars,
etc.

2019
Travelling was done
in this period for
work, establishing of
business, weddings
etc.
Yes With the evolving of
time, people change
to their ways of
travelling to
destination suggest
helicopter, flying
choppers, ships,
cruise etc.
Growth of tourism & travel industry-
The growth of his contemporary travel and tourism industry has been mainly because
of different areas such as transfer of technology infrastructure globalisation and consumer
changing demand from time to time. These factors have helped this industry to grow at rapid
scale and with new market. Use of technology has been changed and it is well equipped with
high end security as well as computerized systems (Çelik, 2019). Globalisation as well as
consumer demands are impacting in both positive as well as negative way tourism and travel
sector as because due to frequent changes decisions has to be made again.
Challenges faced-
The sector also faces many challenges in market suggest of tourism and travel
industry depends upon economic market of a country in which they operate. As Cosmos
operates their activities in UK and other countries the economic factor of other countries
which have unstable economy impact upon business. Other challenges which are faced by
this industry are political factors such environmental law labour law has affected business
sector at larger scale and makes it difficult for them to operate at global level with proper
considerations. Environmental law in many countries limits the reach of a particular tourist to
a destination so that surroundings are does not get affected.
Structure of tourism & travel sector-
The structure of given industry has also enlarging with increase of demand and
supply. For example there are various types of sectors within this industry such as
accommodation services visitor attractions events and conference and wedding destination
management services tourist information, etc. (Drolet, 2019). The explained matter shows the
given industry is developing from years to years and they are shaping and giving a new
business opportunity to travel and tourism. Moreover with this flexible structure of tourism
many small medium and large enterprises are presented which provide services related to the
sector in most appropriate manner.
P2 Analyse several components of travel/ tourism industry and explore how they interrelate
to create tourist experience
There are different types of components of travel and tourism industry which are
important and are responsible for creating a tourist experience better. This type of
components are discussed below-

Accommodation- It is an essential element of this industry has because it directly has
an impact on tourism as well as experience of customer. Customers often find and or search
for accommodation services at affordable prices and quality of foods. Most of hotels provide
accommodation and depends upon customers’ needs to select their appropriate one. While
searching for accommodation services, tourists access to destinations reviews and nearby
places so that it is easier for them to find appropriate accommodation.
Attraction- It is also another essential element which is to be considered within
tourism sector as because it depends upon the customer to select a particular definition
depending upon their budget experience attraction. So it can be said that it develop tourism
experience (Joo, 2019).
Accessibility- In this component of travel and tourism industry, it is essential to be
aware about destination chosen by customer as an appropriate reach ability e through
different types of transportation services. In relevance of Cosmos, they provide easy and
convenient accessibility to customers and tourist.
All the stated elements are integrated with creation of tourist experience as because
accommodation attraction and accessibility are three important things which are first focused
by customers when searching for travelling.
TASK 2
P3 Analyse diverse factors that impacts tourism behaviour
The diverse factors that increase tourism area are essential to be properly examined so
that disease related to this industry is undertaken in proper manner. Tourism is crucial that is
essential for the overall development and growth of a country. There are several factors
which affect number of visitors within a nation that are mentioned as under:
Push factors-
Push factors are those in which tourist push themselves to travel to a destination to get
relief from their daily life or escape from the activities. There are various types of factors in
this which are discussed below-
Escape- The type of push factor in which tourist travel to a destination and motivate
their mind tablet escape from the dull or daily routine. It shows motivation of a particular
individual (Kim, 2019).
Relaxation- It is another important push factor which drives tourist behaviour for
example and individual travel to a destination to get relaxed and chill for some time to mind
fresh. It is something which a particular person looks for in daily life.
Social interaction- Tourist behaviour is also impacted by social interaction factor in
which an individual always looks for social interaction with strangers or other people and

develop a sense of belongingness. It is another reason for which a person travels to a
particular destination.
Pull factors-
Desirability- A person behaviour change label according to their needs and wants. In
context of tourism industry, there are many destinations which attract customers a lot and
stimulate their desire to visit. It directly affects their behaviour and pulls them towards your
destination.
Social Interaction: it refers to the interaction between people of different countries.
People represent the culture, values of their nation. The ways they interact with tourist also
affect number of visitors within country. If the behavior of individuals is helpful and
interactive then more visitors are likely to visit that particular country that will enhance
promote tourism industry of a nation (Lin, 2017).
Culture: Culture is an important element which grabs the attention of visitors and
motivates them to visit particular country overtime. It is analyzed that different countries
have different culture that comprises rituals, values; morals as well as principles of
individuals reside in nation. It helps to differentiate a country from another and helps to
attract number of visitors. It is monitored that tourism and culture both are interrelated with
each other. Further, it also helps to enhance the attractiveness of a particular destination and
put higher impact over global audience. Nowadays creative approaches are being used by
countries in order to enhance their culture and make the country as favorable tourism
destination for travellers (Luo, 2018).
Hospitality: Here, it is essential to provide better services to traveller in order to
satisfy them. For this, hotels play a major role in travel industry. As, travellers come and stay
in other countries for a particular period of time. Thus, it is significant to provide better
services and facilities to them in order to make a better image of country at global level.
Here, effective front office and housekeeping facilities are provided to visitors to retain and
to make country as the most preferred destination for visitors.
After a brief analysis of above matter it has been seen that these specified push and
pull factors are essential to be examined so that it is easier to analyse behaviour of tourism
properly. Moreover, it depends upon particular person that which factors drive them and
change their mind set to visit a destination or not.
P4 Examine models of motivation & how they influence consumer decision making process
Motivation is necessary as because it has a direct impact upon the decision making
process and which also shows weather customers will purchase the product or service or not.
It is necessary to motivate a person so that actions are created and developed in correct way.
In context of tourism sector there are various types of models as well as philosophies which
shoes process of motivation in such areas and are reflected below-

Dann (1977) - Models of motivation (TOURISM)
According to Dann, he has released theory on the basis of which he states that to
conceptualizations on this is of which motivation is carried out which are anomie and eco
enhancement (Patterson, 2018).
Anomie It reflects the desire to examine feeling of isolation which is achieved in in
day to day life. According to this factor it motivates a particular individual to travel to
another destination to get away from busy life. It is a crucial factor which is being considered
by person and which motivates them to visitor place to get idle time (Miloradov, 2018).
Eco-enhancement- It is another important factor which is proposed by Dann in which
he states that tourist shows opposite end of spectrum in which they are excited to visit a place
as a tourist for the first time. It shows their ego enhancement as they are visiting and
travelling for a first time to a particular destination which also reflects their desire and need.
Both these are the factors of tourism motivation are necessary to be focused and
examined by industry so that it is easier for them to analyse reason to motivate a particular
individual. This motivation model influence consumer decision making process at higher
level and it is necessary to focus on these are stated needs so that they are fulfilled by tourism
and travel industry in most effective manner. Also, these factors derived directly affects
consumer decision at wider scale and it is necessary for them to understand this motivation
model of tourism properly.
Tourism and travel industry, it is necessary to understand the behaviour of consumers
towards particular destinations so that it is easier for service providers to deliver total
satisfaction to an individual.
TASK 3
P5 Discuss recent and emerging patterns and trends in international travel and tourism
industry
Patterns and trends in international travel as well as tourism industry is necessary to
be identified so that decision related to the sector by an individual is made in proper manner.
Moreover there are various types of patterns and techniques which are discussed below-
Techniques for analysing patterns-
Quantitative data- It is one of the best technique of determining patterns of tourism
and traveling industry as because through proper market research and using reports of past
years of customers it is easier to consider tourist travel pattern.
Current pattern-
Tourism arrivals and receipts- It is another pattern of tourism and travel as he in
this current tourist arrivals of the tourist to a particular destination is measured and read

receipts of bills are given to them of their every activity. By considering these two decisions
are made by tourist to travel of destination and within a particular order.
Emerging patterns-
Emerging & developing destinations- It is another growing pattern with in tourism
and traveling sector which is focus by customers. As with changing demands and status of
particular individual destinations pricing and areas are also developing. This reflects pattern
behaviour of tourist to reach to destination. For example many e hidden gems in particular
countries are presented who are being renovated and converting themselves as a tourist place
to increase attraction and viewpoint (Siregar, 2020).
Key trends-
Impact of digital technology- It is important to trend of hospitality sector in which
the rise of digital technology is affecting on consumer decisions because people are now well
aware about using of technology and can I access to information of particular destination as
well as places through internet. Also it reduces the brand interaction with consumers in
physical way and reduces the opportunity for tourist operators earn benefit (Sofronov, 2018).
Impact of changing lifestyle- It is another key trend with another with in a given
industry as because there are many e types of destinations and a place which focuses on a
particular specialist market for example adventures tourism, sports tourism, agro tourism and
many more. The changing lifestyle of people is being at emerging point which makes it
difficult for hospitality sector to fulfil all the needs of consumers and generate benefit.
Future trends-
Robot technology- With this increasing use of technology, many businesses have
been evolving with it at large level. For example there are many enterprises that will by using
robotic technology in future trend tourism services which will help them to attract more
tourists to their destination places.
Therefore from above paragraph it has a specified that international travel as well as
tourism changes and patterns are examined by them on the basis of which they provide
services to customers and individuals. The techniques of determining patterns within tourism
industry need to be used in such a way that information is gained in most effective way
P6 Examine factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations
In market both external and internal factor are presented which affects business and
other field at wider level. So, there are different types of elements that it impact the
popularity of global destinations and are described below-
Nation economy- It is important factor in which the growth of tourism and travel
industry depends upon the nation's economy whether it is at stable level or not. For example
in United Kingdom economy of a country is stable and it has a large tourism operators

services and other businesses as well as consumers are also willing to pay higher prices to
reach to destination.
Environment- This factor focuses on climate change pollution floods and uncertain
changes within a particular environment of a destination. It has been seen that if a destination
which has high rate of distracted environment the tourist attraction rate will be lower in that
area. With fast changing of environment climate, it has become essential to follow all the
rules and regulations and have practitioner's to destinations so that it is easier to increase
popularity of a particular place (Amerta, 2018).
Technology- It is another element which affect the popularity of a destination because
with high use of technology and advanced features every destination is filled up with internet
services globally. So, tourist also considers this factor while visiting to a particular
destination.
Historical importance- In this element it shows that popularity of a particular
destination also get affected by its historical importance and history (Çelik, 2019), It is a
main mission on the basis of which individual visit to a place to recall the history and old
information. So, it is necessary to safeguard the historical importance of a destination of a
particular country.
From the above stated paragraph it is seen that popularity of a range of global
destinations are being analysed and properly examined by tourist prior to visiting. The
respective industry shows that these factors are properly analysed on the basis of which it is
easy to attract tourist to a place.

CONCLUSION
After brief analysis of above report it has been stated that tourism and travelling
industry has been changed. This report gives brief information about contemporary business
of tourism sector. Show discussions has been about time scale of tourism sector, elements of
tourism industry, factors affecting behaviour of tourism, models of motivation, recent and
emerging tourism patterns and factors impacting popularity of a global destinations. So, it has
been also evaluated that it is necessary to be aware about market it and emerging changes so
that objectives are achieved in proper manner. The intensity of competition level in this
industry has made it difficult for many service providers to gain a competitive benefit and
attract tourist to a particular place. Moreover it is necessary to be aware about contemporary
situations so that goals and objectives are accomplished in appropriate way

REFERENCES
Books & Journal:
Amerta, 2018. Sustainable tourism development. International research journal of
management, IT and social sciences,5(2), pp.248-254.
Çelik, 2019. Psychological factors affecting the behavioral intention of the tourist visiting
Southeastern Anatolia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights.
Drolet, 2019. The influence of aging on consumer decision‐making. Consumer Psychology
Review,2(1), pp.3-16.
Joo, 2019. Economic impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on the Republic of Korea's
tourism-related industries. Health security,17(2), pp.100-108.
Kim, 2019. A hedonic motivation model in virtual reality tourism: Comparing visitors and
non-visitors. International Journal of Information Management,46, pp.236-249.
Lin, 2017. Changes in tourist personal values: Impact of experiencing tourism products and
services. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,22(2), pp.173-186.
Luo, 2018. Changing travel patterns in China and ‘carbon footprint’implications for a
domestic tourist destination. Tourism Management,65, pp.1-13.
Miloradov, 2018. An efficient strategy for the development of tourism at regional level.
Patterson, 2018. Continuing and Emerging Trends of Senior Tourism: A Review of the
Literature. Journal of Population Ageing, pp.1-15.
Siregar, 2020. Social media for tourism marketing. Journal of Environmental Treatment
Techniques,8(1), pp.262-264.
Sofronov, 2018. The Development of the Travel and Tourism Industry in the World. Annals
of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series,18(4), pp.123-137.
Tussyadiah, 2018. Shareable tourism: tourism marketing in the sharing economy.
Xu, 2016. A new nature-based tourism motivation model: Testing the moderating effects of
the push motivation. Tourism Management Perspectives,18, pp.107-110.