Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry: Global Trends and Factors

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary travel and tourism industry, examining key factors in its development, including environmental, socio-economic, historical, and cultural influences. It explores the different elements of the tourism industry, such as geographical aspects, tourism industry components, and transportation, while also delving into factors that shape tourist behavior, including place of origin, education, and social influences. Furthermore, the report evaluates various motivation models, such as the ERG theory, and their impact on consumer decision-making in travel. It also highlights emerging trends and patterns in the international travel and tourism industry, offering insights into the sector's growth and challenges. The analysis considers the context of the Cosmos company, an online travel provider, to illustrate these concepts.

Contemporary Travel
and Tourism Industry

INTRODUCTION
Tourisms industry is defined to be one of very the important service sector which
focuses on providing services related to accommodating and entertaining services to its guests.
Tourism is a motivation for the human being to have a new experience and adventure. In the
modern times, tourism is an important for the development of global and regional environment.
Under this report there will be discussion about various aspect of tourism industry which include
the development and improvement of travel industry. In the context of cosmos company,
tourism industry is discussed (Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier, 2015). This company is an
online travel company offer the most affordable travel packages to the world most captivating
place in the world. Cosmos includes various packages like transportation, sightseeing, meal,
accommodation and guidance for the travel and tourism purpose. Evaluated various facets about
the tourism and travel industry and see how consumer change their decision making about the
company.
LO 1:
P1 Explain the key factors in the development of the travel and tourism industry and the
factors that have shaped them.
The following factor affect the growth of the industry and have shaped them to grow are
as discussed as follows and similarly Cosmos company evaluated over the period of time:
Environment factors: Under this, various facts will be examine which will effects the
growth of the travel industry such as good climate and beautiful places . With the references of
Cosmos , this factors is very important for the growth of their travel business in the various
countries (Teoman, 2017).
Good climates: This is great place of tourist in the environment which provide pleasant
climate for its customer. Like, some of the good places is located in warmer places in the UK
and people from summer climate like to visit colder places in their vacation period.
Beautiful scenery: Tourism provide beautiful spots for the tourist, which attract more
customer and helps to improve the shape of industry growth for the longer period of time.
Socio-economic factors: Under this factors, development of tourism is affected in larger
term and are shaped in better ways. This is important factor in the growth of the travel industry
as it has a various factors which can increase the businesses of travel and tourism industry.

Accessibility:Here customer wants to access available mode of transport. Which
increase the business view by connecting customer from different mode of connectivity (Survila,
Mikėnas and Žuromskaitė, 2019).
Accommodation: This factors provide to reach out to the more consumer by providing
better accommodation in the market. Their are various accommodation present depending on the
living standard of the consumer. Their are various choose available for the consumer like from
7star hotels to the guest house present in the market. With the reference of Cosmos , company
provide good accommodation to its consumer which helps company to increase the number of
customer in this industry.
Amenities: The growth of tourism is also influenced by the amenities factors such as
activities such as roping, paragliding,rowing, safari adventure. Their has been a growth from
ancient times in activities preferred by the customer. Nowdays, customer wants to experiencer
the different adventures activities(Morakabati and Beavis, 2017).
Ancillary services: To attract more customer , they provide good facilities like financing
their travel packages and connecting them with telecommunication. Services.
Historical And cultural factors: Under this factors, tourist people are attracted to
historical cultural for the places. Where people likes to explore different destination places such
as old living places of the kings and forts like Taj mahal.
Religious factors: This factors helps to increase the tourist due to beliefs of the people
in the gods place. Costumer go to such places to change their mode and seek blessing from the
god. Tourist visit different temples across the country to get knowledge about various culture.
Other factors: Various things helps in improving the travel&tourism industry such as
conducting research activities like finding various adventures for the consumer and finding
different places for its consumer.
P2 Provide the different element of tourism industry and explain the interrelate among
these element:
The different elements of the travel and tourism industry can be Geographical elements
and tourist industry which includes intangible services, providing good hospitality services ,
giving freedom of choice to its consumer and all these elements helps in creating good tourist
experience. In the context of Cosmos limited, company uses these elements to improve the travel

industry and attract more customer for the travel agencies to increase the profits in long
run(Haque and Haque, 2018).
Geographical elements: Under this element of tourism industry which can be useful to
increase the performance industry by providing good quality of work and services to its target
market. This elements have a three main geographical element like traveller, tourist destination
and transit. Under traveller target market(TGR) elements, industry practices push force to
motivates and stimulate the customer to increase the number of customer. Here tourist want to
know about the important information, check for reservation and departure in-out information.
This information is related to the different types of travelling experience. Further the tourist
destination region( TDR) here full description about the destinations activates are given to the
traveller. At last transit route region (TRR) Provide information about the beautiful place which
can be visited in the short period of time.
Tourism Industry: Here industrialist look for the better places in the industry to
generates more profits by introducing new places to the customer. This provide various business
ideas to the organisation to attract more consumer and gain money in return. (Hamadeh and
Bassil, 2017.)
Transportation: This include the movement of consumer from one place to another
destination . it also include a wide variety of different types of travel and included different mode
of transportation.
Airline industry: Under this elements, airline is one of the main tourists chosen mode of
transportation to reach their destination. Consumer can schedule their flights according to their
needs and wants.
Car rental: Here customer can use car on the rental bases for lesser time period . This
services provide consumer to reach their destination on first place. Customer can use such
facilities to explore the different areas around the destination.
Water transport: consumer use water transportation to reach their destination and tries to
explore the cruise ships for the travel experience.
Coach services: consumer tires to use coach services to reach their chosen destination in
efficient ways.

LO 2:
P3: Explain the different factors which changes tourism behaviour.
The following are various things that affects the tourist mindset.
Place of origin: Tourist behaviour change according to the place of their origin,
consumer tries to follow their own culture framework. Sometimes consumer also want to explore
different culture so they want to travel to different places in the counties(Deepa and
Jayaraman, 2017).
Education of tourist:The more educated consumer wants to explore more place as they
have more curiosity and knowledge about the different place . For example tourist who have
good knowledge about the place will have more existing experience in adventure.
Geographical factors: consumer belonging to different geographical factors which
changes the tourism behaviour. Consumer have a different opinions about the different places so
some of the consumer wants to explore the different places and know more about country culture
and geographical factors. For example, people having different geographical areas which can
effect their travelling the different areas.
Social factors: These are social factor that effect the behaviour of the consumer for
visiting the other country places. Social networking can alter a person decision regarding the
visiting a particular place and have different opinion about the culture. One can experience a
social and culture of different areas so that they can be more informed person about the
country(Boniface, Cooper and Cooper, 2016). for example, people who have different social
background references different social travelling packages.
Tourism destinations: consumer are attracted to different destination which provide
basic things like electricity, water, clean surrounding and good amenities and have its own
signification which can attract different tourist.
Intrinsic behaviour
 This behaviour provide higher levels of
satification and enjoyment about the
different types of activities for the
individual.
 They enjoy every activates to their full
Extrinsic behaviour
 This type of individual have lesser
enjoyment as their go thought not so
existing tour as compared to other
consumers.
 They maiming focus on passing the

abilities so that times passes very fast in
the tour .
 They have a higher level of enjoyment
as there are existed throughout the tour.
 They are always motivates to have
more tour so that they have different
experience about the countire3s.
time instead of enjoying the tour. This
is their inheritance in their nature .
 They are tensed for the performance
and could not enjoy their vacation to
their fullest levels.
 They generally have same experience
for visited same place for shorter
period of time.
P4 Evaluated different model of motivation and there influence on decision of consumer.
This part, we will be discussing the motivation theories and how this theory can change
the consumer decision making about the travelling and visiting various places .
ERG theory: Alderfer distinguished three needs of the any individuals into existence,
relatedness and growth. we will discusses various needs of ERG in the context of Cosmos
limited and see how these theory affects the decision-making of the consumer( Baumert, 2017).
Existence needs: It has influence of necessary needs of travellers like air, water and
food, affection and safety. This motivation fulfil the basic needs of the consumer by providing
existence needs which helps in attracting more tourist to the company.
Relatedness needs: This need is related to the individual significant relationship with the
family , superiors and peers. Here cosmos try to reach the public fame and make sure that people
are recognising their service provided in the target market. Here tourist feels secure and feels
that they belong to the group of tourist in the company((Bassil, Saleh and Anwar, 2019).
Growth needs: Under this needs, all the consumer feels that need of self -development,
personal growth and advancement in the group. Here tourist are more creative and productive on
improving their decision and making best use of the environment.
Even every person have different priority of needs depending according to concreteness.
Existence needs has very strong concrete whereas relatedness are less in term of strong bond.
And growth needs are least concreted in their specific policies and it has a very depended
factors on the unique of each person.

This motivation theories provide clear picture about the needs and wants of the consumer which
make different purpose for every customer, here consumer make decision about the which travel
to be chosen and which will be benefit for the consumer. Here consumer wants to maximum the
travelling experience by following the ERG theories which changes the decision process of the
tourist from time to time.
LO3
P5: Give emerging and least patterns and show trends on the international pathform
industry.
Travel is considered as the largest sector across world wise but it is based on vacation
as well as leisure. As within world the travel and tourism is enhancing in about 10% of overall
GDP as well as constantly develops at around 5% over predictable future. Respective sector at
international level is desired to develop in future as this shows both challenges as well as
opportunities at certain time duration. The opportunity into travel and tourism sector is to invest
as well as develop job quality where as the challenge is to be with desired development for
attaining the sustainability as well as competitiveness of 5 essential tourism area such as Asia,
Africa, Europe, America and others(( Abbasian, 2018).
Recent Trends in International T&T Industry
Some recent trends that respective organisation identified into global travel and tourism
are discussed below: Tourist prefer new destination: According to the survey of year 2018, in about 22%
travellers likes to visit new place from list. The new destination involves Spain, USA,
Latin America and so on. It develop issues for those places that facilitates whole facilities
and services in context of accommodation, hotel and others in appropriate way.
 Booking at last minute are enhancing: As per the tourism survey that is performed in
year 2018, around 39% of individuals do booking at last hours (Travel trends that will
drive the tourism industry in 2019, 2019). The person books its destination within one to
three hours before of its journey. So, Cosmos is also facing few issues as this is tough for
them to plan employees as well as resources in advance and few depends upon climate.
The marketing, partnership as well as live availability are considered as techniques for off
setting such issues.

Explaining the trends patterns at the international travel and tourism industry .
Technology plays crucial role into respective sector as various person utilises online
mode in order to book tickets, hotel, resorts and others. This is vital for them to adapt that
technology in its enterprises. Few of them are discussed underneath: Robotics: Such technology ideas have represented as period ago within T&T sector. This
is utilised for various intent to facilitate assistance to its clients in most effective way.
Such as Cosmos utilises pre-screening, generating waiting times to be productive for
them. It is updated technology utilised through large enterprises. The facilities as well as
services will be developed within T&T Industry for optimistic results.
 Virtual reality: It is exploded at current times as enhancement into virtual reality
availability for goods or services. This concentrates upon enterprises, marketers, usages
of technology and others. It permit to do transportation in digitalised way to recreation of
virtual of specific areas (7 Technology Trends in the Travel Industry, 2019). Moreover,
this facilitates opportunity to hotel for showing its rooms, reception areas at websites for
enhancing booking. The chosen company have to adapt this technology in its enterprises
for encouraging individuals to take services.
P6 : Discussing the factors which changes the destination places for the consumer:
Global destination is regarded as an energetic and experienced for tourism facilitator
which concentrate upon providing standard quality services to its clients in efficacious and
effectual way. It is considered as areas which basically facilitates better class services as well as
possess lower chances for mistakes. The several kinds of components which impact profit, brand
reputation and others of international destination. Travel and tourism sector have to facilitate
effective quality of services to its clients. Few factors that impact international destination
popularity are discussed underneath: Special offers and discounts: At the time of formulating plans for travelling, the
travellers are concern regarding travel cost incurred for specific packages. They seeks for
some offers as well as discounts that aids them to make the trip cost effective. Respective
organisation also facilitates some offer to its users so that they may avail its services. This
is essential for accommodation facilitators to give special discounts at their websites as
well as on apps.

 Closeness to destination: Various travellers likes to visit those destination that do not
take so many days as well as are accessible in easier way. The chosen organisation have
to concentrate upon regional clients who may simply reached at destination. This is so
much vital to facilitate to travellers an effective places, time, cost and other and
consequently plans are formulated (5 Factors Influencing Tourist Destination and
Tourism, 2019). Recommendation from friends and relatives: The review represented through family as
well as relatives aids to various global destination popularity. Respective organisation
have to provide effective services to its clients that allows them to write good reviews
regarding areas in effectual and efficacious way. Social media campaign assist them in
encouraging person for sharing memories and experiences at the time of visit or after
that.
 Appropriate online information: The survey conducted through individuals drives
towards enhancing effectiveness of that destinations or areas. Respective organsition
includes whole effective information by online sources related to its offers, services,
packages and others so that individuals may formulate plans as well as visit international
places. There are many kinds of person as well as required various information before
developing any types of plans in respect of visiting places. In addition to this, the travel
and tourism sector needs effective online presence as person are utilising so much online
mode in comparison to offline mode.
Thus, the above mentioned factors impact international destination popularity. This is
crucial to undertake overall factors through travel and tourism sector so that more outputs can be
attained and profitability margins get enhanced.
Conclusion
As per the above report, we have presented development of travels and tourism in the context of
Cosmos company. Discussed various factors which will affects the various element present in the
organisation. ERG theory is discussed with the decision making of the consumer about their
travelling and tourism packages. Tourist are taking their decision about evaluating the various
factors which can effect their travelling decision.

REFERENCES :
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