Analysis of the Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry: A Report

This report provides a detailed analysis of the contemporary travel and tourism industry, focusing on the operations of Titan Tours. It begins by discussing key milestones in the industry's development, highlighting their impact on the current landscape. The report then identifies and explores the various elements of the travel and tourism industry, examining their interrelationships in shaping the tourist experience. Furthermore, it delves into the factors influencing tourist behavior, including the impact of the internet, safety considerations, and pricing strategies. Models of motivation and their influence on consumer decision-making are also explained. The report concludes by identifying recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry, along with an examination of factors affecting the popularity of global destinations.

The Contemporary
Travel and Tourism
Industry

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 ..........................................................................................................................................3
P1 Discuss key milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry and how they
have shaped the travel and tourism industry...............................................................................3
Key milestones in travel and tourism industry in different sector of time are as follows: ........4
..........................................................................................................6
P2 Identify the different elements of the travel and tourism industry and explore how they
interrelate to create the tourist experience..................................................................................6
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................8
P3 Determine the different factors that affect tourism behaviour...............................................8
P4 Explain models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making
process.........................................................................................................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P5 Identify recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism
industry........................................................................................................................................9
TASK 4 ....................................................................................................................................11
P6 Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations...................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
The term tourism refers to short-term and temporary movement of individuals moving
from their workplace or living area. The travel and tourism industry at large scale forms part of
hospitality industry. This is growing with fast pace in today's competitive marketplace. This
present report is based on Titan tour company founded in 1978 situated at Titan House, Cross
Oak Lane, Redhill. It is escorted holiday company which provides holidays, tour packages and
covers almost all continents with planned itineraries which comprises of cruises, rail journeys,
adventure activities for small groups and trips specially for solo travellers. This report explains
about the development of travel and tourism industry along with different elements for tourism
experience. It also describes factors driving the tourist behaviour. Also, current patterns and
trends in travel and tourism are discussed. Lastly, it includes various factors affecting popularity
for different global destinations (Bærenholdt, Haldrup and Urry, 2017).
TASK 1
P1 Discuss key milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry and how they
have shaped the travel and tourism industry.
The travel and tourism industry is becoming important part for the economy of the
country as it contributes towards economic development and long term growth (Battour, and
Ismail, 2016). This sector has gone through vast changes over the years and decades and is
emerging simultaneously by offering their products and services. The major and key milestones
in this industry have emerged in 19th , 20th and 21st century which is developed travel and
tourism sector in significant manner which is discussed in the table below:-

Key milestones in travel and tourism industry in different sector of time are as follows:
Period For what purpose
individuals travel
Travel agent usual
distance travel
Destination
1600 During this period of
time the purpose of
tourist was visit
religious places and
travel for business
work.
No At that point of time
people mainly prefer
to travel either through
sea ways or carts for
local area travels.
1800 People of this era use
to travel with the aim
to spend precious time
with family, friends
and relatives. And
their was also to visit
spiritual places.
No The people use to
travel with the help of
boat, house cart , ship
bullock carts and
many more.
1900 In this era the aim of
travel was for having
entertainment,explorin
g new and best places
and for business
expansion and related
work.
Yes In these years the
people started
travelling with the
help of billboards,
steamboats, canals,
roads, aeroplanes and
many more to travel
on both national and
international level
with the motive to
explore views.
2000 From this point of time
the motive behind
Yes Now people started
travelling with trains,

travel was concerned
with spending quality
time with families,
relatives and friends.
Also for purpose of
business, visiting
temples and going
abroad for study
purpose.
aeroplanes, buses, cars
, ships and cruise.
From the above it has been examined that their were various sectors such as
accommodation, food and beverages, transportation and other tourism sector. Their are essential
components which fulfil the customer's expectations so that there is no bad image in the minds
of consumers (Boniface, Cooper and Cooper, 2016). So in order to gain competitive advantage
they are required to provide better quality of services and products to ultimate and prospective
clients. Apart from this there are different sector which are described below:

Hence, the above drawn visual communication depicts various sectors of travel and tourism
industry that are required at the time of travel and providing them with maximum satisfaction in
efficient manner. Their has been major development in the field of travel and tourism industry
from the past records it can be seen that travellers were travelling only for the purpose of
business or work. Now-a-days people have started travelling for leisure, entertainment, fun and
business work. Also, because of technological advancements the ease of tourists have been
increased which help them to do effective planning before travelling for specific purpose. Along
with this it is important to have proper coordination between every sector of travel and tourism
industry as without this it would be difficult to provide maximum satisfaction to tourists and
guests.
P2 Identify the different elements of the travel and tourism industry and explore how they
interrelate to create the tourist experience.
Tourism and travel is the business of companies with the objective to attract more visitors
and fulfil their needs and wants as per their expectations (Fang, Ye and Law, 2016). Therefore
there are many elements related to travel and tourism industry which are interconnected with
each other and renders tourists with wonderful experience. Following is the overview of major
elements of travel and tourism industry:-
Different sectors
Accommodation
It is related to the accommodation facilities
such as resorts, guest-houses,
holiday villages and many more.
TRANSPORTATION
It is concerned with the various modes of
transportation which are trains,
buses and aeroplanes. .
Entertainment
As per this it comprises of
various leisure activities,
games, casinos and so on.
Informational
This aspect is concerned providing
Proper and complete information
For travel plan.

1. Travel Agent: They are the individual providing information to the prospective clients
related to various travel destinations, advising them for the availability of attractive
holiday packages as per their preferences and affordability and prepare their travel plan.
They basically delivers the products associated with travel such as car rentals, insurance,
currency exchange, information and guide and many more. They are interrelated as they
focus on each and every detail and information related to travel plan.
2. Tour Operator: These are the intermediaries involved in the travel and tour plan. They
majorly emphasis on offering complete holiday packages including every detail related to
how tourists have to travel, where will be accommodation like hotels, apartments, guest
house and resorts, and what other services will be rendered to tourists which can include
sightseeing, excursions, airport pick and drop etc.
3. Accommodation: This element is basic requirement for every tourist so proper care must
be taken while selecting for the accommodation. The marketing for accommodation
facilities can be either done individually or included in the tour package. These are
mainly of two types primary and secondary accommodations. Primary accommodation
comprises of hotels, complexes, heritage hotels, resorts and holiday villages. On the other
hand secondary accommodation includes youth hostels, farm houses, caravans, sleeper
trains, motels and holiday centres (Giaoutzi, 2017).
4. Transportation: This component is concerned with the how tourist will reach their
destinations or attractions. The tour operator provides various transportation facilities
such as cars on rent, airlines, cruise and train facilities. The choice of tourist depends on
the cost, time period, purpose of tour and convenience from the viewpoint of destination.
5. Amenities: It refers to basic facilities being furnished to tourist for their destination.
These are further classified as natural and man-made amenities. These consist of beaches,
fishing activities, trekking opportunities, sea bathing which forms part of natural
amenities. On the other hand man made amenities includes different entertainment types
and certain facilities to cater the needs of tourist (Holden,2016).
6. Tourist Attractions: This is known as place of interest where they wants to visit and gain
experience for the culture value, natural beauty or amusement opportunities. The
attractions are confined to climates, mountains, beaches, landscapes, theme parks,
museums, cultural centres and ancient monuments.

From the above elements of travel and tourism industry it is important for Titan Travel company
to have effective collaboration and interrelatedness with each and every elements as this leads to
generate profits by providing viable and complete information related to travel plan and
destination. This interconnection with every element helps tourists to maximise their satisfaction
level to the fullest. It can be analysed from above discussion that all elements of Travel and
tourism industry are interlinked and interconnected with each other. If managers of Titan travel
want to have long term growth profitability than their must be proper coordination and
cooperation with each other. This leads to provide tourists and guests with maximum satisfaction
by fulfilling needs, wants and specifications of them. If there is lack of coordination and
cohesion between various components of Titan Travel.
TASK 2
P3 Determine the different factors that affect tourism behaviour.
Tourism sector is one of the biggest industry of the world, as they use to deal with ample
number of people. But the performance of them also depends on the behaviour of their
customers, and there are ample number of factors that have power to affect the behaviour of
tourists (Mason, 2015). Some of these factors are explained beneath :-
Web : As web is said to internet, and it is one of the biggest factor in modern era, which
have power to affect the behaviour of an individual against each and every thing. Travel and
tourism is a industry where a person use to spend lot on their holidays, as therefore they always
thunk to spend it where they can get best results from it. Internet is a platform which help them
in getting detail about the place which they are planning for their holidays. As this help them in
getting the pictures of there and also help them in collecting information about the weather
conditions of that place. This all play an important role in change in behaviour of that individual.
Safety and mature consumers : Along with internet, major factor that affect the
behaviour of customers in tourism industry is safety of customers at that place. As every one in
the world love to for holidays at place where they are safe and also can enjoy all the activities of
that place. Therefore, places with most risks are not able to attract huge number of guests

towards them, and place with less risks are able to attract huge number of customer towards
them.
Pricing and other studies : For each and every individual, it is very much important for
them to fulfil their needs according to their budget. As this is the biggest factor that can affect
behaviour of an individual. As if a person have budget low and the costing of tour is higher as
compared to it, then it become very tough for them go on tour. Therefore for each and every
individual it is very much important to check that how much they can spend on their tour and
what is the budget of them, so that they can plan travelling according to it only (Moutinho, and
Vargas-Sanchez, eds., 2018).
P4 Explain models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making process.
As for motivating the customers in tourism sector, it is very much important for an organizations
like Titan Travel to understand the needs of their customers, so that they can provide them
products and services according to them. As this will help them in attracting ample number of
customers towards the products and services of them. Along with this, they can use different
motivational theories, which can help them in influencing the decision-making of their customers
(Mowforth, and Munt, 2015). In this Maslow's theory and Alderfer's ERG theory of motivation
is explained below :-
1. Physiological need : In this, the needs related to basics are considered like, water, air,
food, shelter and other. This help customers in changing their decisions in positive
manner, so that they can avail the benefits of services.
2. Safety need : Along with this basic needs, customer always need that they must remain
safe at the place where they are going for holidays. As place which is unsafe is not able to
motivate and change decision of their customers.
3. Love and need of belonging : Along with this, it is very much important for organization
to design holiday for their customers to the place, which can give them some affection
and make them feel like special. This is also known as feeling of love, and it can attract
and change decision of customers in positive manner.
4. Self Esteem needs : It is related to the happiness of own, as in this people love to go on
tours which are according to their needs and demands. Also, it is very much important for
them to avail them facilities which help them in improving their experience and also help

them in getting fun which they want. As these all help customers in getting motivated and
change their behaviour positive towards the products and service of tourism.
5. The need for self actualisation : Also, many people in the world love to go destination
which is give them feeling of satisfaction. As this help them in improving their
experience and also help them in increasing the level of self actualisation. This all help
tourism service providers in motivating ample number of customers towards the products
and services offered to them (Novelli, and et. al., 2016).
Alderfer's ERG theory
This theory of motivation was given by Clayton Alderfer in 1969 which is extension of
Maslow's need hierarchy theory. The Maslow's five needs are categorized into three Existence,
Relatedness and growth needs. In context of Titan Travel this theory is discussed below:-
 Existence Needs- These needs are refer to as material needs and requirement which are
necessary for survival in market for long term. Their is major influence on decision-
making of consumers when they don't get their basic expectations and needs fulfilled.
 Relatedness Needs- These needs refer to important relationship where there is direct
involvement of customer's. Managers of Titan Travel are advised to focus on developing
friendly and cordial relations with employees and guests as this their can be negative
impact on goodwill and image by decisions of tourists and guests.
 Growth Needs- it refer to need of individuals to be creative and productive at the time of
requirement of personal development and achievement. The managers of Titan Travel
must emphasis on developing development plans for employees with the aim to have
positive influence on decision making of tourists and guests.
TASK 3
P5 Identify recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism
industry.
In modern era, the change in trend has become very common for each and every industry
of the world. As customers of the world love to enjoy things which give them unique experience

and also help them in getting luxury touch. Some of the current and emerging trends in
international travel and tourism industry is as follow :-
1. Last minute booking : In today's world, number of last minute booking is increasing with
a huge speed, this all is because of facilities on booking provided by internet. This allow
customers to make booking via online medium, so that they can complete their work in
just few seconds without and problem. Also, this help them in getting knowledge the
popularity and quality of the products and services which hotel and other use to provide.
For an instance, if a person have to make booking of any service, then they can make it
by verifying the services of them and so that they can get information about the quality
which they will get (Smith, 2015).
2. Ecological and educational tours : As in today's world, people love to enjoy those tours
which are related to environment and also which are able to give them some knowledge.
For example, Herein, Edinburgh is one of the most beautiful place of the world and
people use to go there get opportunity to lean ample number of things related to
environment. Therefore, it is one of the most visited places of the world.
3. Solo Traveller : This is considered as one of the most biggest change in current trend of
current behaviour of customers in travel and tourism industry. As now a days people love
to go lonely on tours, as this help them in enjoying their tour with peace. Also, this help
them in getting break, so that they come out from depression and also get relaxed from
their hampered busy schedule. Also, this is becoming popular because people of modern
era are very keen for travelling and these type of people love to go alone on tours, so that
they can enjoy the tour on their needs and also can explore each and every thing of the
tour.

TASK 4
P6 Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations.
Every company related to travel and tourism industry has major impact on the success
and growth factor. The tourist destinations selected either by tour operator or traveller should be
popular and attractive which would furnish them with maximum satisfaction. Their are various
factors affecting the popularity among the travellers for the variety of global destinations which
are described below:-
 Cultural importance- The popularity is affected because of culture and historical
importance of the destination to very large extent. Their is increase in customer base for
Titan Travel as the tours prepared by the company includes various destinations having
cultural and historical importance because customers are eager and curious to know about
history and like to visit monument, castles, sculptures, caves and forts. For instance, the
famous destinations which depicts both cultural and historical significance such as
Stonehenge, Edinburgh Castle ( Scotland), Romans Bath (England ) and many more.
 Technology- This factor plays very important role which affects the popularity of
destination among the travellers. Internet is now available all over the world which
provides benefits to tourists to have complete knowledge about the destination. Also, this
helps Titan Travel company to increase their business by adopting latest technology and
social media platforms. The tourists after experiencing the destination are able to share
their views either on social media or website of the company which leads to generate
opinions and viewpoints for prospective customers. To create and increase awareness
among the existing and potential tourists the promotion can be done by the managers of
Titan Travel through websites, online advertisements, pop-ups on social media such as
Facebook, Snapchat and so on (Vogel, 2016).
 Environment- The destination for travel becomes popular among the tourists because of
environment and climate. Their is negative impact on the tourism because of
uncertainties such as cyclones, drought, extreme hot climate and floods. For instance, the
company Titan Travel lays down concern towards environment so it uses vehicles which
emits less pollution and are environment friendly. This leads to develop the curiosity in
the market and attracts more and more tourists. Also, during summer season the trips
planned by Titan Travel majorly focuses on cold regions like hill stations to travel.

CONCLUSION
From the above summarised report, it can be concluded that travel and tourism industry
lays down major part in the economic development of the country. This shows that it has high
growth potential with availability of trends for future development of the organisation. Also,
there are various elements which are interrelated to each other which further develops experience
of tourist. It has been analysed that travel and tourism sector has foster national economy in
positive manner. Also, there are many factors which have impact on the popularity for the
variety of global destinations. Their are various important milestones which are responsible for
growth and development of travel and tourism industry.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bærenholdt, J. O., Haldrup, M. and Urry, J., 2017. Performing tourist places. Routledge.
Battour, M. and Ismail, M. N., 2016. Halal tourism: Concepts, practises, challenges and
future. Tourism management perspectives. 19. pp.150-154.
Boniface, B., Cooper, R. and Cooper, C., 2016. Worldwide destinations: The geography of travel
and tourism. Routledge.

Fang, B., Ye, Q. and Law, R., 2016. Effect of sharing economy on tourism industry
employment. Annals of Tourism Research. 57(3). pp.264-267.
Giaoutzi, M., 2017. Tourism and regional development: New pathways. Routledge.
Holden, A., 2016. Environment and tourism. Routledge.
Mason, P., 2015. Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge.
Moutinho, L. and Vargas-Sanchez, A. eds., 2018. Strategic Management in Tourism, CABI
Tourism Texts. Cabi.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and
new tourism in the third world. Routledge.
Novelli, M., Morgan, N., Mitchell, G. and Ivanov, K., 2016. Travel philanthropy and sustainable
development: the case of the Plymouth–Banjul Challenge. Journal of Sustainable Tourism.24(6).
pp.824-845.
Smith, M. K., 2015. Issues in cultural tourism studies. Routledge.
Vogel, H. L., 2016. Travel industry economics: a guide for financial analysis. Springer.

1

2

3

4