Analysis of Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry - Unit 1 Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the contemporary travel and tourism industry. It begins by outlining key milestones in the industry's development and the different elements that combine to create a tourist experience. The report then delves into the factors that influence tourist behavior, e...Read More

Unit 1
The Contemporary Travel
And Tourism Industry
Vasile Cocuz

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Key milestones for development of travel and tourism industry and shaping....................................3
P2 Different elements of travel and tourism industry and creating experience......................................4
TASK 2 .....................................................................................................................................................5
P3 Different factors affect tourism behavior...........................................................................................5
P4 Models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making process....................6
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................................7
P5 Recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry..............7
P6 Factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations ....................................................8
CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism are very fast growing sector in country which assists in increasing
economic and gross domestic product of nation. These sectors have undertaken changes at large
scales which acknowledge economic impacts and development of tourism described in
appropriate manner. Here, will be discussing about development of travel and tourism and
elements combining to provide experience of tourism (Gladstone, 2013). There are various
factors which drive tourist behavior and models of motivation which influence consumer
decision making. Determining current pattern & key trends in travel and tourism and considering
factors affecting current levels of popularity of different global destinations.
TASK 1
P1 Key milestones for development of travel and tourism industry and shaping.
Key milestones for development of travel and tourism are as follow:
Period Why people
travel/purpose
Travel agent usual
distance of travel
Any Destination
1600 Traveling was for
religious and
enjoyment purpose.
Transportation facility
was not available.
In order to travel in
domestic city boats
and ships.

1800 In order to explore
new places.
Transportation system
was introduced but it
was less used as it was
much expensive.
People visit in their
own countries.
1900
Travelling was done
with business and
visiting purpose.
Service related with
travel and tourism
were introduced
2000 In order to click
pictures of attractive
places, individual visit
different places.
Package was given by
tour operators.
2018 To spend quality and
leisure time
Tourism organization
provide online
packages to visitors.

P2 Different elements of travel and tourism industry and creating experience
Travel and tourism are competitive and dynamic industry which requires ability for
adapting customers’ changing needs, want and desires. There are mainly two elements which
plays an important role in this sector namely direct and indirect element. Direct elements are
those areas of industry which come directly in contacts with tourists such as sales,
accommodations, transport, activities, attractions and ancillary services. Indirect elements are
also called support sectors which do not come in direct contact with tourists but without this
function cannot take place. It includes infrastructure, airports, roads, communications, sign,
building industry, public toilets, manufacturing, electricity, sewerage & waste disposal and water
supply (Long, 2013).
All these elements are interconnected for creating better experience to customers. Travel
agent provides information for destination as per their need and demand which help them for
choosing best place as per their target. Tour operators provide holiday package which comprise
Different sectors
Accommodation -Guest should be provided
With Good accommodation and
hotel facility as well as
Service
TRANSPORTATION -
Visitor should be provided good
And affordable transportation
Facility.
Entertainment
Services related with casinos,
social halls, sports helps in
Creating entertainment..
Informational
All information related with
Tour, facility and other should
Be given to them.

of travel through rail, air or water, accommodation at hotels, resorts and service such as pick &
drop, sightseeing etc. Similarly, information and guiding provide services such as recreational,
banking, insurance, tour guides. Tourist attraction establishes location such as gallery, museum,
building, education centers. These all elements are interconnected for travel and tourism which
should be provided to tourist, customers and visitors for creating good experience. It also creates
goodwill and image of that operators and place. As people prefer to travel best place at budget
and experience good things. All such required elements should be provided for positive result.
Through elements services also customers are attracted and make plan for tour.
An identification of key elements of the travel and tourism industry and how they relate to create
the tourist experience identification of the key elements of the travel and tourism
Inbound Tourism Outbound Tourism Domestic Tourism
It means resident of one
country travel within same
country.
It consist of activities in which
resident of one country
traveling to another country.
It involves resident of one
country traveling to that
country only.
Example People of UK
traveling to UK only.
FareHarbor is Inbound
operator.
Example People of UK
traveling to USA. High sun is
outbound operator.
Example people of UK
traveling to some part of UK.
Golden operator is domestic
operator.
Key element of Tourism
Accommodation
Star of Hotels 5 star 03 star 2 star Motels
Locations London Italy London London
Name of hotel Mandarin
Oriental Hyde
Park
Grand Hotel
Aminta
Corbigoe Hotel Motel One
Newcastle
Price £300 per night
18,19th December
£125 per night
18,19th December
£50 per night
18,19th
December
£20 per night
18,19th December

Language
spoken by people
English, French,
Japanese, Arabic
English,
German,Roman
English, French, English, Japanese
Illustration 1: London Eye

TASK 2
P3 Different factors affect tourism behavior
There are different factors that affect tourism behavior which are described below:
Geographical factors- Physical factors such as climatic conditions and geographical conditions,
advertising and marketing conducted through tourism business and amenities and facilities
available at destination which alters decision making of tourist (Minca and Oakes, 2012). For
example, if tourist prefer to visit cold place but during plan weather condition of that place is not
chilled then plan changes.
Social factors- Social factors include person’s social network which provide first
information which can alter individual’s decision for visiting or not visiting place.
Place of origin- It is tourist behavior which depends upon place they belong to. For
example, people of North America like to follow own culture whereas Koreans and Japanese
travel in groups.
Tourism destination- It is very important factors which alter behavior of tourism. If decided
destination posses all such facilities of electricity, clean surrounding, water, amenities, proper
accessibility then large number of tourists attracts (Page and Hall, 2014).
Education of tourist- Educated tourist has wide range of choices, knowledge of places,
prices. This greatly affect in decision making for tourism industry.
Religious importance- If any place has religious importance then people prefers to visit
that destination more. It influences their decision making for tour which is guided by operators.
Religious destination has significant role in attracting large number of visitors and influencing
their decision making.
Historical and culture importance- Any place which has good history and culture attract
tourist easily and influence decision making effectively. Culture of Japan is totally different from
China so Chinese people prefer to Japan and Japanese visit China.

Economy- There is many tourists who plan their trip according to their budget. As they
cannot prefer expensive places for tour. For example, Indian people prefer to visit Indonesia as it
very cheap place which is according to their budget.
P4 Models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making process
Motivation refers to process that guides, initiates and maintains the goal- oriented
behaviors. Through motivation desires and needs of an individual move it towards an action. In
context to travel and tourism sector, if company provides the better travelling facilities to tourists
in reasonable packages then it will be attracted towards them and they will be motivated for
travelling (Pearce and Packer, 2013). The decision-making process depends upon the motivation
level of consumer. As this will provides an opportunity to be made successful decision in future
and attain desired level of satisfaction. There is huge support of motivational model to overcome
from the aspects which negatively impact their thought process and to think positively. There are
many perspectives in one model which guides a person that how to tackle and made decisions in
difficult situation with the help of previous learning. The model which is used here to ascertain
the consumer decision making here is named as Motivation process model. The application of
this model and understanding about the consumer behavior is clearly understood from the points
defined below:
Unfulfilled needs: This is the first situation which hinders the decision-making process of
consumer and creates the tension in their mind which negatively impacts their thought process.
Drive: Creation of above situation help in generation of this stage which drive, and force
consumer make use of their previous learning and knowledge to ascertain desired results and
made appropriate decisions. Need is the utmost requirement which motivates the person to find
out the best possible different alternatives which allows them to build their path by own and
made profitable decisions.
Decision making: This is the stage where knowledge and experience of previous learning is used
by consumer in effective implementation of their decision-making alternative and to attain best
possible result which they want to derive. The impact of this will be overseen upon the
motivation level of consumer and feels enthusiastic. This will result in creation of tension free
situation where they enjoy each decision which are taken by them for any future perspective

TASK 3
P5 Recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry
The travel and tourism industry provide the better destinations places and travelling
services to consumers at the reasonable packages. There are some recent trends and emerging
patterns in international tourism industry mention below:
Last minute booking- It is a common trend in international tourism. Generally, bookings
or reservations are made in at least 13 days in advance through mobile phones. The reservations
of visitors in last 1 to 3 hours or just are book in- destinations before their arrival.
Education and ecological tours- Under this, the ecological tours are more popular that
provided through the several travelling companies. This is rare experience that share and educate
the information on areas and give the knowledge to protect environment in future (Radojevic,
Stanisic and Stanic, 2015). The government provides the funds to the ecological projects for
restoration of animal or forest habitat etc.
Solo travel- This travel is more popular because of the people are seeking towards the
wellness experience and chance for the immerse themselves in the local culture. In this modern
era, information about the travel is accessible in an easy manner and it is simple for the people to
take their own trip with on any hurdles. In addition to this, travel and tourism firms also provide
the tour offers for single traveler. It is hassle free as well as cheaper.
P6 Factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations
In this present time period, tourism is enhancing more popular (Sharpley and Telfer,
2015). The people travel from one country to another for travelling for the different purposes for
an instance business, gaining knowledge etc. There are some factors which impact on the
popularity of the global destinations mention below:
Over tourism- It is a main issue and under this many visitor overwhelm the destination
and shifting the balance from positive experience where the tourism is unsustainable. In all over
the world there are some destinations which are impacted through over tourism such as
Santorinoi, Machu Picchu etc. These destinations are taking some actions to reduce the over

tourism. From this people are not enjoy their vacations and destination places in a better way
(Standing, Tang-Taye and Boyer, 2014).
Cost- At the peak time, travel sector enhances the cost of bookings. Middle class people
are not able to afford the high cost travelling packages. Some of the destination places are
costlier. So, it is a main factor people cannot able to travel the expensive destinations.
Choice of customer- The choice of consumers also influencing on the tourism
destination. Needs of all the visitors are different from each other. If the tourism destination is
culture and historical the visitors will like to see castles, sculptures, antic painting etc.
For an example- Famous cultural and historical destination places are Began City,
Pyramids of Gaza etc.
Safety- For tourists, safety is a main concern and it is more necessary when travelling in
other countries and developing countries. In some countries where the tourist destinations are
famous, political unrest causes issues. Under this, due to the outbreaks, sometimes
communicable diseases can hinder the tourism or famous destinations.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from above mention report that travel and tourism is fast growing
industry and it provides the benefits to an economy making of the country. In this given report
studied about the motivational model that helps in decision consumers. There has been
discussion about the various factors that impact on behavior of the tourism.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Bærenholdt, J.O., Haldrup, M. and Urry, J., 2017. Performing tourist places. Routledge.
Chen, H.J., Chen, P.J. and Okumus, F., 2013. The relationship between travel constraints and
destination image: A case study of Brunei. Tourism Management. 35. pp.198-208.
Cohen, E. and Cohen, S.A., 2012. Current sociological theories and issues in tourism. Annals of
Tourism Research. 39(4). pp.2177-2202.
Connell, J., 2013. Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and
commodification. Tourism Management, 34, pp.1-13.
Dickinson, J.E. and et. Al., 2014. Tourism and the smartphone app: Capabilities, emerging
practice and scope in the travel domain. Current Issues in Tourism. 17(1). pp.84-101.
Gladstone, D.L., 2013. From pilgrimage to package tour: Travel and tourism in the third world.
Routledge.
Han, H. and Hyun, S.S., 2015. Customer retention in the medical tourism industry: Impact of
quality, satisfaction, trust, and price reasonableness. Tourism Management. 46. pp.20-
29.
Jalilvand, M.R. and et, al., 2012. Examining the structural relationships of electronic word of
mouth, destination image, tourist attitude toward destination and travel intention: An
integrated approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 1(1-2). pp.134-
143.
Long, L.M., 2013. Culinary tourism. In Encyclopedia of food and agricultural ethics (pp. 1-8).
Springer Netherlands.
Minca, C. and Oakes, T. eds., 2012. Real tourism: practice, care, and politics in contemporary
travel culture (Vol. 26). Routledge.
Page, S.J. and Hall, C.M., 2014. The geography of tourism and recreation: Environment, place
and space. Routledge.
Pearce, P.L. and Packer, J., 2013. Minds on the move: New links from psychology to tourism.
Annals of Tourism Research. 40. pp.386-411.
Radojevic, T., Stanisic, N. and Stanic, N., 2015. Ensuring positive feedback: Factors that
influence customer satisfaction in the contemporary hospitality industry. Tourism
Management. 51. pp.13-21..
Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D.J., 2015. Tourism and development in the developing world.
Routledge.

Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J.P. and Boyer, M., 2014. The impact of the Internet in travel and
tourism: A research review 2001–2010. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 31(1).
pp.82-113.