Comprehensive Report: Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary travel and tourism industry. It begins by identifying key milestones in the industry's development, examining the elements that shape the tourist experience, and their interrelations. The report then delves into the factors influencing tourism behavior and decision-making processes, including geographical, social, and cultural influences, as well as models of motivation. Furthermore, the report identifies recent and emerging patterns and trends in international travel and tourism, and it concludes by examining factors affecting the popularity of various global destinations. The report aims to provide a holistic understanding of the industry's current state and future trajectory.

The Contemporary
Travel and Tourism
Industry

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Key milestones in development and how they shaped travel and tourism industry............1
..........................................................................................................4
P2 Elements of travel and tourism industry and their interrelation to create tourist experience 4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P3Determining different factors affecting tourism behaviour and its impact on decision
making process............................................................................................................................5
P4 Models of motivation and their influence on consumer decision-making process................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P5 Identifying recent and emerging patterns trends in international travel and tourism............8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P6 Factors affecting popularity of a range of global destination................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
In today's era travel and tourism are one of the leading as well as fastest growing sector
which is assisting in developing economy in an effective manner. It is a cultural and economic
phenomenon which entails movement of people to countries or destination for personal or
business as well as professional purpose(Baka, 2016). This sector have been undertaking
challenges at large scale which acknowledge economic impacts on both positive and negative
manner in developing industry. This report is going to identify key mile stones in development
of travel and tourism sector by evaluating different elements of travel and tourism as well as
exploring how they are interrelated to create tourist experience. Moreover, determining different
factors that affect tourism behaviour and models of motivation influencing decision-making
process. Furthermore, identifying current and emerging patterns of trends in international travel
and tourism industry as well as examining factors which are effecting popularity range of global
destination.
Learning Outcome 1
P1 Key milestones in development and how they shaped travel and tourism industry
Travel and tourism sector is an essential part of an economy which contributes in growth
and development in an accurate manner. This sector has been offering their product and
services from many years of decade as well as increasing themselves simultaneously(Baker,
2014) Eventually, there are many historical and key milestones that occurs within 19th , 20th and
21st century which have created significant steps for development of travel and tourism sector
which has been determined below:
Before 1945: In the era of golden days of 16th century mass devoted their time in
agriculture and remain constant to visit near by local areas. Additionally, in beginning of 18th
century people belonging to rich and elite class were spending their time in with travel and
tourism sector. But before 1950s this sector was inconsistent in nature and people were
supporting such factors that help them to develop. Eventually, main motive of this industry is to
provide facilitates like accommodation, food and beverages and laundry for customers. Apart
from this travel agents were emerging in selling out their holiday packages to customer's.
Moreover, many other travelling companies were introducing travel and tour packages as well
as offering railways fair offer and excursion trips to their customer's.

Mid (1945 to 1979): This was the period in which actual growth of travel and tourism
sector started some of the challenges that occur during the ancient days. In mid of 1950s
development of tour operators started interconnected with other tours companies in order to
expand business at world wide. In addition to this there were railways and airlines were also
integrated with one another in producing efficient result(Boniface,Cooper and Cooper,2016).
Thus, this lead to increase more on paid holidays, enhancement in tour packages and
improvement in transportation as these were the key challenges that usually occur in 1950
onwards.
Current (1980) : In current state that is 1980 travel industries have provided full of
packages to its customers such as medical facilities, car on rent and other services in order to
satisfy customers. Now this sector has become of the fastest and leading sector that is boosting
up an economy of a country in an effective manner. Thus, it can be said that it has been
becoming pillar of success with appropriate culture, ethics as well as maintaining sustainability
for longer period of time.
Milestones in travel and tourism industry
Period Why individuals
travel/purpose
Travel agent usual
distance travel
Destination
1600 In this era, individuals
use to travel for
religious and business
purposes
No They used to travel
by sea and by cart
within domestic area.
1800 People use to travel for
having fun with
friends, business and
for visiting religious
place.
No They use to normally
travel by boat, ship,
bullock cart, horse cart
at domestic and
international level.

1900 The main purpose of
people for travelling
during this period is to
have entertainment,
for study, business and
for religious visit.
Yes At this period of time
individual started
travelling through
steam boats, billboard,
canals, aeroplanes,
roads etc. at both
national and
international level.
People do travel
through roads,
steamboats, canals and
railroads, aeroplanes
2000 People at this period
started travelling with
friends, families for
enjoying holidays, as
well as for business
purposes and for
visiting viewing
pilgrimage sites, and
for study purpose as
well.
Yes At this period
individual started
travelling by trains,
ships, cars,
aeroplanes,buses etc.

Apart from this there were many different sectors such as accommodation, food and
beverage, transportation and tourism sector. As this are essential part for an individual for
travelling into different parts of countryside. For instance if travel and tourism faces problems or
fails to meet up the customer requirement than it may lead to create a poor image among
customer's. In order to have a competitive advancement in marketplace then they need to
provide better quality of product and services to its customer's respectively. Moreover, the
different sectors are described below:
Thus, the above graph drawn are illustrating different sectors or part of travel and tourism that
are need to an individual while travelling or enjoying their pleasant time.
P2 Elements of travel and tourism industry and their interrelation to create tourist experience
In today's context, travel and tourism is termed as one of the most competitive and
emerging industry that is help a country to boot up its economic level. Initially, this sector is
need to adapt changes frequently as per the need and demand of customers preferences. Herein,
there are two elements which are playing an essential role in this sector are discussed below:
Different sectors
Accommodation
It is related to the accommodation facilitie
such as hotekls, motels and inns etc.
TRANSPORTATION -
It is related to the sources which are
Useful for the transport like bus, trains
And areoplans.
Entertainment
It is related to the services
which are related to
entertainment like casino,
theatre and live music etc.
Informational
It is related to the information of travel
And torism services and others.

Direct elements: Direct elements are refers to those elements which consist of accommodation,
transportation and activities which are necessary in travelling(Dickinson and et.al,.2014). This
elements play's and effective role in travel and tourism sector this elements are connected with
the facilities that create a huge importance in travelling to one county to another country.
Indirect elements: In sector of travel and tourism, indirect elements are related towards
roads, airport, communicable facilities , electricity etc... This elements played an important role
in this sector as before planning a travel plan an individual look up towards this facilities so that
they can have pleasant stay in their travelling days.
For example: If a person is travelling in city of Romania and finding bout that
accommodation and transportation as well as food and beverage as per their need and demand
that the tourist of a particular country is satisfied.
Interrelation of such factors to create tourist experience
The above mention both the elements are interconnected with each other as both have its
own impact on this sector. This elements are interconnected with each other for creating a better
experience to customer's(Forno, and Garibald 2015). Additionally travelling agents are providing
various information about tour package and other information that are essential in selecting out
the best place. Form such information each and every activities are connected which ultimately
creates a good experience as well as create good image for the place too. As now a people prefer
to travel best place with approximate budget so that they could have good experience in their
pleasant time. Moreover, if any of the element fails to meet up the expectation of an individual
requirement then it may lead to decrease the value of customer's experience as well as create
negative impact on customer's mind too. For such instance lack of offerings as per the need and
requirement then it leads to creates weaknesses of such element and a particular organisation will
not able to attain its goals and objectives effectively. Thus, both the elements are providing best
result in creating best tourist experience from their offerings as well as these elements attract
more customer's towards it.

Learning Outcome 2
P3Determining different factors affecting tourism behaviour and its impact on decision making
process
In travel and tourism sector there are different factors that are effecting tourism behaviour
as well as in achieving goals and objectives in competitive advancement. Moreover there are
certain factors that are effecting in decision-making process are determined below:
Geographical factors: Geographical factors are refer to those factors which consist of climate
conditions and other amenities which are related with those factors(Ghimire, 2013).This factors
create both positive and negative impact on decision-making process. Which ultimately effect an
business objectives and goals which are essential to accomplish within stipulated period of time.
For example : If an individual is planning to travel to a hill station, but identifying that
climatic condition of hill station is not appropriate to travel then it will change it mind. Thus,
change in plan creates impact on decision making process of tourist. Now, an individual will
change it plan and travel to some other place or else will postpone date of travelling.
Social factors: Social factors refers to the changing trends of individual which are emerging in
day to day context. Such changing environment affect both customer's and tourism industry too.
If an organisation fails to meet up the trending changes then it will create loss for of them
respectively.
For example: Now a days people are demanding for different and adventurous places
when they can have lot fun loving time with their friends, families or business tours. Moreover,
on the other side there are some of the people who are looking towards religious places where
they can find peace. Initially, both aspect are different from each other are gradually impact on
decision making process.
Cultural Factor: Cultural factors refers to cultural difference and language barriers which
creates huge difference while travelling to another countryside. Moreover, such impacts creates
an impact on decision making process.
For example: If an individual is planning to travel to France and dose not know France
language then it will create negative impact on decision making process. Such as an individual
dose not know how to speak France language then they will not able to enjoy their destination
travelling in appropriate manner.

Thus, the above mention are some of the factors that are effecting tourism behaviour adversely as
as impacting both positive and negative factor in decision making process.
P4 Models of motivation and their influence on consumer decision-making process.
In toady's context motivation play's an essential role in motivating and developing an
individual in an effective manner(Hudson and Thal, 2013). Herein, there are different models of
motivation which are having great impact on developing individual perception or in decision
making process. Additionally, Maslow's model of motivation is termed as one of the effective
tool in motivating an individual, employee's or staff members by acquiring daily and basic needs
which are determined below:
Physiological needs: Psychological needs are refers to biological needs that are essential
for human survival such as air, food, drink and shelter etc. in context to tourism sector that basic
needs are accommodation, transportation and other needs such as shelter, food and beverages as
well as other amenities. Herein, it is responsibility of a travel organisation to provide such basic
needs so that an individual can have a pleasant stay.
Safety needs: This needs refers to protection such as security, laws and norms, stability,
freedom and fear. Initially, it is important for an organisation to provide safety and security to its
customer's so that they can enjoy their pleasant stay. Moreover, they need to ensure that its
customer's are not harm by any of facilities offered by them.
Love and belongingness: Love and belongingness is essential for a human nature. In
case of travelling, if a person feel happy during it stay or travelling from one country to another
country then it will enhance love and belongingness among themselves. Moreover, it will have
positive impact too on decision-making process such as people will travel with same root or stay
in same hotel where an individual feel comfortable.
Esteem needs: Esteem needs refers to the respect and status of an individual within a
society or an organisation. Herein, if an organisation is being respected or treated with manner
and honour than an individual feel comfortable in their stay. Moreover, along with appropriate
offerings as per need and demand or as per the status of an individual will lead to increase more
of customer's satisfaction in an effective way. Thus, it will create willingness among people to
visit same place again and again which will ultimately create positive impact on decision-making
process.

Self actualisation needs: In context to travel and tourism self actualisation needs are
referred with appropriate budget, perfect tour and travelling package so that mangers or agent
can plan accordingly. Herein, in such it is responsibility of mangers to attain and render services
to its customer's so that it influences positive impact in decision-making process. This, will lead
to create willingness among people to visit again and again as well as creating positive midset
among customer's.
Learning outcome 3
P5 Identifying recent and emerging patterns trends in international travel and tourism
Now a days travel and tourism industry are emerging rapidly as well as boosting up
economy of a countryside. Herein, there are many emerging patterns and tends of customer's
preference in international travel and tourism which are determined below:
Last minute booking is increasing: In today's context last minute booking are increasing
due to high facilities of internet and other booking sites. People can book their ticket themselves
by seeing ratings star of a particular hotel or by seeing its ambience in photos etc.
For example: An individual want to visit Edinburgh which is situated in United Kingdom with
its friends on shot notice period of time they he can book tickets and hotel facilities over online
or different booking websites and app.
Ecological and educational tours are in demands: In this modern era youth and
students like to visit places where they can enjoy as well as render some kind of knowledge in
such tours at international level.
For example: One of the most popular and fun loving destination is Edinburgh which is
situated in United Kingdom. This, place will help an individual to gain knowledge and
experience that is beneficial for them in their education line. Moreover, it will also help an
individual to have fun loving experience in this place too.
Solo travel- Now a days many people prefer to visit places solo in order to have peace
or need a break from their business life schedule. Moreover, such travel is popular in order to
seek experience and chance of immerse towards local culture in an effective manner. Moreover,
in this modern era, information about the travel is accessible in an easy manner and it is simple
for people to take their own trip with their queries in it. In addition to this, travel and tourism
firms also provide the tour offers for single traveller as well as hassle free as well as cheaper.

Learning outcome 4
P6 Factors affecting popularity of a range of global destination
In travel and tourism there are several factors that are effecting popularity range of
globalisation or increasing demand of worldwide sectors. Herein, some of the factors that are
effecting popularity range of destination are determined below:
Economic factors: Economic factors refers to financial stability of country as well as
organisation operating in within a country( Lee and Brahmasrene, 2013.).Herein, most of the
financial sound people to travel and explore activities in different countries. Eventually, like
Edinburgh in United Kingdom get resources of transportation, accommodation as well as other
facilities to its customer's. Moreover, in other countries or a respective country is lacking behind
not able to meet up the needs and requirement of customer's then will negative effect the
popularity range of international or world wide destination.
Social Factor: These factors include customs, norm, value, career attitude, age
distribution,lifestyle and demographical characteristics of the people living in specific
geographical region or country. There are enormous countries such as UK, USA, Australia and
so on which is a large hub for travellers. Thus, they attract various tourist because they have
wide areas to explore, distinct culture and belief. For example, within United Kingdom
Edinburgh is widely visited place as it attract various traveller of their own unique culture,
history, belief and rituals. Therefore, these factors either positively or negatively affect the
growth of hospitality industry within confined area.
Political Factor: Political factor include political stability or instability, government rules or
regulation, tax policy, trade restriction or freedom, environmental law and so on. These factor
directly hamper the growth of travel or tourism industry like the government of almost every
country wants to enhance tourism at their places due to which they make various measures. Such
as they make tourist spots and charging reasonable rate to avail high quality service to cater the
huge growth of huge traveller. Hence, if the strategy of policy prepared by government are in
favour of traveller can positively affect the demand of world wide tourism.
Apart for such factors there are many other factors that positively and negatively effect
range of international destination like transportation and environment factors. Such as if
destination have very good transportation services and proper accommodation services than they
will able to attain sustainability for longer period of time.

CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it has been concluded that travel and tourism play's and
essential role in today's context. It is one of the largest and emerging sector that are creating an
unique stability in competitive advantage as well as boosting up economy of a country and
worldwide. Moreover, identifying different key elements and milestones that have occurred
while achieving success as well as creating huge impact on decision making process. With the
help of both the elements that is direct and indirect elements are helping to create interconnection
to have greater experience among tourist. Furthermore, there are different factors that are ranging
pattens and trends in international travel and tourism sector. In addition to this different factors
like geographic, social, cultural effect the decision making of tourist behaviour. Further more
different factors like political, social, cultural etc. affect the popularity of a range of global
destinations.