Global Travel and Tourism Industry: Key Milestones and Trends

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the contemporary travel and tourism industry, examining its development, key elements, and factors influencing tourist behavior. It explores the industry's milestones from the 19th century to the present, highlighting the evolution of services and customer experiences. The report delves into geographical, social, and cultural factors that drive tourist behavior, as well as motivational models such as Maslow's Hierarchy and Vroom's Expectancy theory, and how they influence consumer decision-making. Furthermore, it analyzes recent and emerging patterns and trends in the global travel and tourism industry, including online booking, solo travel, and last-minute bookings. Finally, the report examines factors affecting the popularity of global destinations, providing a holistic view of the industry's dynamics and future prospects.

The Contemporary
Travel and Tourism
Industry
Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO1..................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Key milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry............................3
P2 Different elements of travel and tourism industry............................................................4
L02...................................................................................................................................................5
P3 Factors driving tourist behaviour......................................................................................5
P4 Models of motivation how it influences consumer decision making process...................7
Lo3...................................................................................................................................................8
P5 Recent and emerging patterns and trends in the global travel and tourism industry........8
LO4..................................................................................................................................................9
P6 Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Growth of travel and tourism industry is highly remarkable across the worldwide specially
UK. The respective sector includes vast range of services like hotels, travel insurance, airline
services, and rentals services etc. which are being offered to the customers. Increasing number
services within the offering of the sector is directly influencing interest of customers towards
different destinations which ultimately results in the economic development of those nations
(Mowforth and Munt, 2015). The present report includes detailed description on travel and
tourism sector and how it maximises customers experience and also places its contribution in the
growth of the nation. Also, information is stated regarding the factors which positively
influences behaviour of tourist. Furthermore, current patterns and emerging trends in travel and
tourism industry would be determined at global level. Lastly, detailed description is providing on
factors that could influence popularity of global destinations.
LO1
P1 Key milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry
Market leaders of travel and tourism sector are taking several initiatives with the motive of
improvising customers’ experiences in positive manner so that maximum revenue can be
generated from the same. This ultimately contributes in the development of the nation economy
too (Vu and et. al., 2015). There have been few key milestones which have contributed in
development of travel and tourism sector from 19th century to 21st. The main among them are
specified as below in detailed manner:
Pre 1945: In this decade, main focus of travel and tourism sector was on offering basic
services to customers. With the passing courses of time it has stared including some extra
services in their portfolio in order to improvise experiences of their customers in better manner.
The added services are laundry systems, food & beverages along with the accommodation
facility. Till reaching the year 1945 travel agents have developed tourisms packages at affordable
prices and started offering it to customers at reasonable prices.
Mid (from the year 1945 till the year 1979): In this period, tourism sector has
emphasised on developing their relationship with the other businesses belonging to the other
supportive sectors such as airline and railways industry in order to serve the customers in better
manner that could further help them out satisfy customers’ at highest level. Here, tour operatprs

now includes transportation facilities in their offering for making trip convenient for the
customers.
1980 to present: This stage simply emphasizes on the current phase of the travel and
tourism sector which consist whole sum packages that covers all kind of services from food to
accommodation, rental cars, healthcare, insurance and numerous of other facilities that ultimately
contributes in maximising satisfying customers (Dickinson and et. al., 2014). All of this have
simply boosted the national economy and brought growth towards the society as well as culture
for them.
From this, it can be said that travel and tourism sector is adding on range of services into
their portfolio with the motive of satisfying their customer by fulfilling their expectations.
P2 Different elements of travel and tourism industry
Travel and tourism sector includes range of elements that helps the industry in attracting
more number of customers towards them and maximising their growth in the rapid manner. The
main factors among them are specified as below:
Accommodation: This is termed as first and foremost factor which is being offered to
traveller so that they can stay with comfortness. Here, with reference to the UK travel industry, it
has been analysed that the respective industry includes range of additional services into their
portfolio such as housekeeping, food, medical, laundry etc. for enhancing experience of
customers in appropriate manner (Lee and Brahmasrene, 2013). Here, inclusion of more number
of services directly attracts maximum number of customers towards them who also gets
influenced to pay higher for better services.
Travel agents: They are the one who develops travel packages and creates best tour for
the customers so that they can get satisfied at extensive level. In order to satisfy the customers at
extensive level major focus of tour operator is on developing best services to customers in order
to maximise their profits. The role of travel agent includes booking hotels, make itinerary,
arrangements of tickets for customers etc.
Transport: Here, tourism sector focuses on including best transportation facilities to the
customers’ so that they can travel freely without any barrier. Here, transportation facilities are
provided to travellers according to their requirement as well as destination places. Some popular
modes of transportation are cars, ships, airlines, buses and other local mediums.

From the above specified elements of travel and tourism sector, it can be said that all of
them are linked with one another that ultimately contributes in enhancing tourism behaviour.
This can be well understood with the help of the example. For example: It can be said that if
transportation facilities are not provided to customers then they won’t be able to reach their
expected destination (Theobald, 2012). Along with this, these travellers also want good
accommodation too during their travel. In order to make this possible travel agent develops best
tour packages for the customers so that they can reach their favourite destination. This simply
depicts interrelationship between all elements and how it collaboratively contributes enhancing
customer experience.
L02
P3 Factors driving tourist behaviour
The main motive of tourism sector is to maximise their profitability by simply enhancing
satisfaction level of the customers in rapid manner. Here, some main factors such as
geographical, social and cultural factor which ultimately drives tourist behaviour influential
manner. These factors have been specified as below in detailed manner:
Geographical factors: Any sort of changes that takes place in climate like rain or other
natural calamities that could result in the cancellation of the trip. This directly puts negative
influence over economical condition of the tourism sector (Swarbrooke and Horner, 2012). This
can be well understood with the help of example, For instance: if any sort of natural calamity
takes place as the tourism destination then it would directly affect number of travellers for this
place. This also places higher influence over the profitability as well as growth of travel and
tourism industry.
Social factors: The changes taking place in tourists’ preferences and tastes in the form of
amenities, accommodation, destinations and so on, tend to place impact over the tourism sector
as they must alter their service package accordingly. For example: The historic museum within
the confines of UK tends to attract a particular set of tourists as this provides them with the
opportunity to attain comprehensibility of that location and its historical relevance (Page and
Hall, 2014). A change within their preferences would shift them to other locations.
Cultural factors: This encompasses language along with other barriers associated with
culture that tend to place impact over tourism behaviour. For instance: If a tourist does planning

to visit locations of UK such as Buckingham Palace, Disneyland and do not possess knowledge
of English language, then the traveller may not enjoy the tour. This would shift their preference
to other locations whereby language known by them is spoken.
From the above specified report, it has been analysed that all of these factors simply
places positive as well as negative influence over the growth of the sector (Noti, 2013). Here, it
is highly important for this respective sector to develop them with the changing time so that they
can modify their services according to the changing demand and services of the customers. This
simply contributes in enhancing experiences of the customer in rightful manner which ultimately
maximises growth as well as profitability of the travel and tourism sector.
P4 Models of motivation how it influences consumer decision making process
Motivation plays influential role in the performance of every individual. With reference
to travel and tourism sector it has been analysed the travel operators often makes use of several
motivational theories with the motive of motivating their customers to stay tuned with tether
services and maximises their profitability in rightful manner (Boniface, Cooper and Cooper,
2016). Maslow’s hierarchy and Vroom’s expectancy are two main motivational methods adopted
by travel and tourism industry for influencing their customers’ interest towards them in rightful
manner. Both of these methods have been specified as below in detailed manner:
Maslow's Hierarchy theory: It is considered as one of best theories among all
motivational theories which is simply consisting 5 stages. In context of travel operator the
respective theory is being adopted by them while indulging into decision making for their trips.
Physiological needs: Here, main focus of tour operators is to serve basic services to the
customers in terms of accommodation and food that could satisfy them at highest level.
Safety needs: In this, security of customers has been taken into consideration by the tour
operator in which they believes in providing safe travel to the customers during their trip
(Munoz-Leiva, Hernández-Méndez and Sánchez-Fernández, 2012).
Social needs: Here, tour operators motivate customers by simply developing friendly
environment for them where they can enjoy at extensive level at the time of travel and could
make decision of travelling again and again.
Esteem needs: In this, luxurious services are provided to the customers in order to satisfy
them at highest level and fulfil their Esteem needs and motivate them to travel

Self actualisation needs: Here, personalise tourism packages are developed for the
customers in which they can specify their budget and select the services which they wants to
acquire or not. for motivating customer at this level, tour operator also gives some additional
services to the customers.
Vroom's Expectancy theory: Organisations belongs to travel and tourism industry can
use this framework in order to motivate its tour operators for influencing consumer decision
making towards their industry in positive manner (Mowforth and Munt, 2015). Vroom's
expectancy theory includes three main factors which collaboratively contributes in motivating
tour operators. At expectancy factors, tour operators are motivated by developing belief among
them that if they will place better efforts while providing services to consumers, their business
will become successful. Instrumentality factor states that tour operators can be motivated by
providing rewards to them according to their performance. This motivates tour operators to
perform well for attaining better rewards. In valence factor, motivation of tour operators is
measured by observing that kind of reward is termed as success for individual. It simply supports
in providing rewards to employees so that they can serve the traveller in such a manner that
could maximise their performance in rapid manner (Dickinson and et. al., 2014). From this, it
can be said that application of this theory travel and tourism sector can easily motivate its tour
operators to serve the customers in better manner.
Lo3
P5 Recent and emerging patterns and trends in the global travel and tourism industry
There are various trends as well as patterns which have been emerged in tourism sector are
specified below:
Current pattern and trends in travel and tourism industry are described below:
Online booking: It is one of most common trend according to which customer can easily
book their trip with mobile applications. This makes overall travelling smoother for the
customers and also saves their precious time.
Solo travel: In modern era, people believe to travel alone so that they can explore the
things accordingly without compromising with anything. In order to serve these kinds of
travellers Travel industry focuses in developing solo tour packages which not only considers
travellers interests but at same time ensures to provide safe travel to them (Meyer, 2013).

Last minute booking: Busy lifestyles of individuals have made them book their
travelling last minute. For dealing with this, tour operators develop several packages in which
customer can be enrolled anytime no matter the book earlier or last minute. The offered services
would same for all.
Emerging pattern and trends in travel and tourism industry are described below:
Robot: Here, travel sector in emphasizes on including latest technology like AI so that
quality of services can be enhanced (Hudson and Thal, 2013). This results in the reduction of the
expenses of company as robots can easily replace human efforts with higher effectiveness
without compromising wirh the quality of services.
Eco tourism: Here, econ tourism provides vaster chance to travellers to explore wildlife
beauty as well as nature.
LO4
P6 Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations
Global destinations are now becoming major priority of the travellers as they wants to
explore foreign destination. It has been acknowledged that there are ranges of factors which are
influencing brand image of global destinations. The main factors among them are specified as
below:
Offers and Discounts: Tour operator often makes use of discounts and offers in order to
influence interest of their customers towards them. For example: Global tour operator offers
several discount packages to its customers on the basis of their season. In order to promote these
offers they often make use adequate marketing techniques for influencing maximum number of
customer towards them.
Social factor: This factor is mainly related to the beliefs, customers, values and attitude
of the person. Cultural values, religion and historic places are determined as the main social
factors that influence popularity of destinations (Ghimire, ed., 2013). Global destination with
great historical values like Egypt attracts the travellers utmost towards them which ultimately
enhances popularity fo the places and also contributes in the growth of the nation.
Reviews of friends and relatives: It has also been analysed that people even today consults with
their close friends and relatives before planning for the trip. Thus, it can be said that if traveller’s
people have provided positive review about the destination then they would surely think to visit

and if they find something negative then they could move to another place (Forno and Garibaldi,
2015). This directly places influence over popularity of global destination within travel and
tourism industry.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the information specified in the above section, it has been acknowledged that
growth of travel and tourism sector is seen as the most rapid one among all sectors. Further, it
has been seen that the respective industry is bringing range of changes within their products and
services in order to meet customers’ expectation and satisfy them at highest level.
Transportation, attraction, accommodation, travel agents etc. are seen that major factors that
holds power of influencing customers interest towards the industry. Ecotourism and robots are
acknowledged as the most emerging trends in travel and tourism sector which holds power of
influencing profitability of sector.

REFERENCES
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Online

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