Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry Report: Development Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary travel and tourism industry. It begins by discussing the milestones in the development of the industry, tracing its evolution from post-World War II to the present day, highlighting the impacts of technological advancements, and socio-economic changes. The report then identifies and explains the various elements of the industry, including travel agencies, tour operators, accommodation, transportation, and tourist attractions, and details their interrelation to create a holistic tourism experience. Furthermore, the report delves into the factors influencing tourist behavior, including technological advancements, economic conditions, and cultural attractions. It also explores motivation models and their influence on consumer decision-making processes. The report concludes with an examination of recent and emerging trends in the international travel and tourism industry and factors affecting the popularity of global destinations.

Contemporary Travel and
Tourism Industry

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1: Discuss milestones for developing travel and tourism industry...........................................1
P2: Identify various elements of travel and tourism industry and their interrelation with
tourism experience......................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P3: Various factors that affect the behaviour of tourism............................................................4
P4:Explain motivation models and their influence on consumer decision making process.......6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P5. Recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry. .7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P6: Factors affecting the popularity of global destination..........................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism sector is a sector that has changed to a greater scale with the
technological and social changes. It simple words it refer to the movement of visitors or traveller
from one place to other place (Connell, 2013). For the better understanding of report United
Nation World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) has been taken whose purpose is to promote
international tourism universally to achieve sustainable development. Thus, it provide various
services to the traveller associated with tour such as tour guide, restaurant, accommodation etc.
that help in the economic development of country. This report cover following topics such as
milestone in the development of travel and tourism industry as well as elements of travel and
tourism and how they create experience for tourist. Along with that discussion will be made on
various factors that affect the consumer decision making process. Furthermore, pattern and trend
in the international travel industry and factors that affect the popularity of global destination.
TASK 1
P1: Discuss milestones for developing travel and tourism industry
Travel and tourism industry
Tourism sector is one of the biggest sector with huge growth opportunity to cater the
demand of wide range of people who wants to travel worldwide. The main purpose of this
industry is to build travelling experience of visitors by reducing their stress and making them
happy by providing them decent stay (Hall, 2012).
Historical growth and development of travel and tourism industry
The growth as well as development of travel and tourism industry started with the end of
second world war. As after that industries grow rapidly and with change in socio economic
factors such as increase in income as well as increase demand of cars lead to emergence and
development of travel and tourism industry (McWha, et,al., 2016). In addition to it with
development of technology like innovation of computers and jet aircraft lead to product
innovation. Such innovation includes development of various resorts or seaside hotels and
destination holidays which hospitality sector further catered the changing need and expectations
of various customer. Therefore, there are various travelling organisation like UNWTO that uses
social media or traditional media to cover mass population by providing them the opportunity
and shape the experience of customers by attracting them in following ways:
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Grand Tour: This contains a cultural tour which is mostly undertaken by upper class of
men in order to finish off their education. UNWTO can use Grand tour which help to attract
customer. This will help men customer to visit foreign and be a part of education. It is useful for
organisation such as if UNWTO want to expand its business it can use Grand tour.
Thomas cook 1841: This is well known name in the travel industry all over the world
which formed by Thomas cook. This person has started international travel organisation in 1841
which inspired people to start a travel and tourism business. The UNWTO has get idea to start a
business through Thomas inspiration and dedication. The manager of the UNWTO follows
Thomas with helped to grow the travel and tourism industry at wider area. The main object is to
increase the number of customer by providing new and attractive services that help to attract
visitors.
Holiday Act: The meaning of this act is a person or group of person who works all time
they should plan some holiday vacation which make feel them good. The manager of UNWTO
make some holiday strategies for such people which influenced them to enjoys vacations or
holidays. It launches new holiday packages for working people and other passengers.
Development of resort of hotel with sea view: Company arises the need of travelling by
making beautiful holiday spots that gives refreshing feel to the customer. For instance, with
increase in popularity of rise in sea side resort lead to increase in number of visitors or traveller
availing such facility. Moreover, travel and tourism industry also offers the facility of catering,
accommodation as well as entertainment facilities to build the positive experience of customer
(Hall, 2013).
Introduction of package holiday and camps: These holiday camps mostly become
functional at the time of vacations as during this time most of the family make plan to go outside
or explore new places with their children. Thus, different camps organiser come up with various
offers, facility to travel various destination places such as Balearic Island, Greece and so on.
Currently, every year over fifteen million holiday packages are sold to British tourist.
Increase in ownership of cars: After 1945 or second world war individual enjoy their
freedom and utilised their leisure time by exploring to various new areas of British coast (Minca
and Oakes, 2012). Therefore, for making the travelling easier people preferred to have their
private cars which lead to the enormous growth from 1950 to 1999.
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Growth in aviation industry: With the advancement of technology and growth in
aviation industry in USA and Britain encouraged the people to long distance by airways. This
led to the innovation in various jet airways to fulfil the untapped need of public and generate
huge revenue out of it. Additionally, it further increase the demand of courier services to transfer
the belongings overseas.
Long haul destination: Due to long haul destination places like Florida, Hong Kong,
South Africa, Gambia and so on became popular. These haul are basically beyond Europe which
became popular due to advanced airways mode of transportation at cheaper prices.
Therefore, due to the growth and development of Travel and tourism industry because of
following above defined factors has helped to shape the experiences of customer for exploring
new places (Prebensen, Chen and Uysal, 2018).
P2: Identify various elements of travel and tourism industry and their interrelation with tourism
experience
Travel services refer to the relationship among various tour operator, supplier, travel
agent, destination marketing organisation and so on. They are basically responsible to plan and
so reservation for visitors (Bærenholdt, Haldrup and Urry, 2017). Whereas, tourism services are
responsible to deliver services in order to build guest experience like house keeping services.
Thus, there are various component of travel and tourism industry that work together in order to
encourage traveller and make decision for to build traveller's services:
Travel agencies: Travel agent are one who basically provide information to various
traveller related to destination, mode of transportation, suggest them trips based on their taste as
well as budget and so on. Along with that they sell the product like car rental or insurance that
are the travelling product. Therefore, they provide huge convenience to customer due to which it
becomes easier for customer to make plan related to travelling.
Tour operator: Tour operator are essential part of travel and tourism industry that
provide holiday packages to the visitors. Their packages are comprised of accommodation
services such as resort or guest houses, different mode of transportation such as roadways,
airways or seaways and travel services. There are three types of tour operator which are defined
below:
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Inbound tour operator: They are concerned to take travellers into a group through
packages like package of traveller to travel from USA to UK.
Outbound tour operator: Tour operator take traveller within the country or outside the
country.
Receptive tour operator: They are not concerned with the tour, they supply the travel
products from one country to another country through overseas.
Therefore, there are various cost effective packages that encourages the traveller to take
initiative and become of whether inbound or outbound trip.
Accommodation: Accommodation services includes the facility of resort, hotel, camps,
apartment, cafeteria, fast food outlet and so on. These accommodation facility differ from one
tour operator's package to another. As direct marketing or advertisement may cause huge
expenses due to which these services are sold by tour operator throughout the holiday season.
Thus, if visitor is exploring any new country then suite of such travelling package will motivate
the traveller as they do not have to take pain of booking various tickets and doing reservation.
Various mode of transportation: There are different ways of transportation such as
airlines, railways, cruise line that take visitor from one place to another. Among various
transportation mode selection is done on the basis of budget, time, convenience, and destination
selected by traveller. Travelling industry make several packages based on these factor so that
they can get quick responses of the people (Long, 2013).
Tourist attraction: Each country makes effort to attract various tourist to increase the
overall footfall. In order to establish overall need of consumer various tourist spots are made
such as theme park, heritage building, art gallery, museum, educational centre etc. These
destination places or attract points appeal the visitors to various country. There are some bodies
such as trade association and regulatory bodies that act as mediator between trader and visitor.
Hence, popular decision instigate the people to take affirmation decision regarding travelling to
that destination.
TASK 2
P3: Various factors that affect the behaviour of tourism
There are many current factors within travel industry that affect the tourism behaviour
which are defined below:
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Technological: With increase usage of internet people can gain the detail information
and generate the awareness about any place which they are deciding to visit. Also an individual
can go through the review or feedback of those traveller who has already been to that respective
place. Therefore, easy access of internet has developed the travel and tourism industry globally.
Computer reservation system: Reservation through computer system has provide easy
access to fare charges, flight information, availability of seat, confirmation of reservation etc.
Therefore, it gives detail view of several matter which provide knowledge to customer on several
range of subjects. Though these things are considered by an individual after confirmation of plan
but they makes a strong role in making or cancelling any trip such as unavailability of ticks on
respective dates.
Environment Economy of country: Tourism industry gets adversely affected by
economic factors like rise in unemployment rate or inflation rate decreases the percentage of
travellers. Whereas, if the economy of country is going well then it a good indicator to attract the
traveller and they willingly spend money to be a part of trip. Along with that the climate of
destination place plays a significant role in making the decision while selecting the place to
trade. Country with favourable climate are more likely to be tourist place on the side country
that experiences undesirable climate, flood, drought negatively affect the tourism. Herein,
UNWTO conducts travel facility only to those places that are more preferred by customer to
travel. Thus, economic stability as well as environment condition promote the overall global
development of travel and tourism industry (Mostafanezhad, et.al., 2016).
Historical or cultural destination places: Places with good infrastructure and various
places to visit such as amusement park, architecture, sculpture, monuments, castle, weapons,
antiques, ancients paintings and forts which are part of our history attract travellers. Whenever,
people make plan to explore any country they shortlist the places based on the popularities.
Therefore, this lead to enhancement of global travel and tourism (Blanchard and Higgins-
Desbiolles, 2013).
Customer: There are different type of people having different expectations or need thus
the role of travel industry to is meet the need of various customer by providing them the suite of
mixed package. It even include segmentation of traveller based on occupation, age, family size
and so on which is done to match the likings of same category of people at a time and cater their
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need accordingly. Hence, such segmentation not only help in enhancing the connectivity of
global travellers but also helps in maintaining long term relationship with company.
Religious importance of destination: One of the motive of travelling is to visit the
religious places to worship. Every year travel industry conduct large number of trips for the
traveller to travel holy places so that people can sit their peacefully and clean their sins. This is
one of the strong purpose which has lead to enormous growth of travel industry.
Research importance of destination: Travelling is not only done for entertainment
purpose but it is also done for educational purpose. There are several visitor who visit to other
place with the purpose to study. For instance, there are various museums, historical buildings,
geologist, biologist, archaeologist, zoologist, art and culture of people that hold a use relevance
in the research field.
Hence, these are the existing factors that had lead to growth in international travel
industry that is involvement in the movement of people from one place to the another place.
P4:Explain motivation models and their influence on consumer decision making process
Motivation refer to the needs or want of people which act as a stimulus for an individual
to fulfil it in an efficient manner. In case of travel and tourism industry the needs of traveller act
as a motivation that needs to be catered by United Nation World Trade Organisation that is
UNWTO. Thus, such need is activated through the advertisement or promotion done by travel
industry also it's get motivated if the customer get good holiday package with various
accommodation services associated with it. There are two factors such as push and pull factor
which act as a motivation tool to encourage the people to move out from their place and become
a part of trip where they can explore various places (Evans, Stonehouse and Campbell, 2012).
Push factor: Push factor includes the inner desire of traveller to be a part of trip so that
they can relax and refresh themselves. Here, traveller basically becomes a part of that trip which
they are willing to join such as adventure trip, religious trip and so on.
Fulfilling prestige: Sometime people want to explore various destination because they
consider it as they status symbol.
Enhancing relation as well as seeking relaxation: Travelling to different places leads to
exchange of tradition, know the customs of other country, appreciate the tourist stops natural
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resources and so on. Moreover, traveller gets a chance to relax by moving out of their daily
routine life.
Widen their social circle: People travel with the motive to make new relation by meeting
with new people and knowing their culture.
Pull factor: Within pull factor the travel industry take valuable efforts to understand the
perception as well as likings of people. This act as a motivational factor for traveller due to
which they become motivated to be a part of respective trip.
Organising varies events as well as activities: UNWTO organises various event,
festival, entertainment etc. This act as a motivation factor to attract various tourist and ecome
part of respective activity.
Easy and affordable: If the destination place is safe with decent climate and is organised
in affordable prices act as a motivation factor for people that instigate them to take action.
Adventure: If travel industry includes varies adventurous activity such as river rafting,
bungee jumping, mobile biking, rock climbing and so on influences the customer to make
decision regarding travelling.
TASK 3
P5. Recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry
Life is all about journey and with the passage of time the expectations are also increasing.
The travel and tourism industry have gone through various significant changes. A leisure time is
no longer phenomena of life. Everyone wants to spend quality of time by visiting distant tourism
places to feel relaxed and happy. The perception of the word tourism is changing with the
passage of time. New trends, patterns are understood by the tourism agencies and accordingly
framing of holiday packages are done to satisfy the tourist expectations. In relation to UNWTO,
various emerging patterns and trends are expected in the international travel and tourism.
Following are some of them (Gladstone, 2013):
Using digital means : In the international travel and tourism industry various options are
available for the travellers considering their budget limits. Several hotels are offering special
schemes at an affordable rates in order to cater the needs of the travellers. With the technological
advancements online booking of tickets and other travelling requirement of consumers are
getting fulfilled.
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Personalisation approach: According to this approach dynamics of travelling have been
changed it is no longer seen as standard way of visiting various destinations. People wants to
gain unique experience. Therefore it can seen from the fact that established brand in the market
are have started introducing tailored offerings and services to the travellers based on this
approach.
Technological advancement: This is another trend which emerging in the travel
industry due to it's great potential. Airlines like Ryanair have included personalised services
using technology for the purpose of retaining their clients. Travellers are benefited as they do not
have to go through lot of payment process.
Robots: This is very strong trend which is capturing the market of travel and tourism,
robots are introduced to perform various activities which was not the case back in the day. With
ever changing demands of customers travel industry is launching new technologies for increasing
their satisfaction level. For example In airports artificial intelligence is used to ensure safety and
security of passengers.
Food experiences: While travelling people wants to try famous cuisines of those places,
this is another trend where travel industry is using application like Instagram for the promotion
of wide variety dishes. This is used for enticing large number of travellers.
Importance of infrastructure: Infrastructure of any organisation attracts the customer
such as good infrastructure increases the econo9mic growth of country. UNWTO maintains
adequate infrastructure which help to work efficiently and also contributes in growth of
economy.
Globalisation: UNWTO uses globalisation process in order to interact an d integrate
with number of people. By doing such it increases the number of tourist and also increases the
investment trade.
TASK 4
P6: Factors affecting the popularity of global destination
There are several external factors that affect the popularity of global destination some of
them are stated below:
Popularity of destination: There are several destination that has some stories behind it
or receive positive feedback from the customer that has made it popular. Like whenever people
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go to Paris they travel Eiffel tower or White heritage site of England. More the destination places
within the country attract more tourist as these sightseeing attract the traveller to view them
closely.
Recommendation: It is one of the important factors that affect the global destination as
before making any plan related to travelling travellers consider the opinion of their close ones.
Additionally, they also take the opinions from the people who have posted their experiences
online. Yelp is one of the review sites that has gain huge popularity. So this is one of the factors
that people consider it before visiting to any destination place.
Availability of offers: Most of the tourist want their trip should be cost effective due to
which they provide discount packages of various services such as reservation, accommodation
and so on. Additionally, Agoda discount code are one of the travel companies that go for special
discounts which save the time, energy as well as cost of customer that motivate the customer to
take action and visit global destination decrease the overall cost of consumer.
Political: By changing in the environment and climate can impact UNWTO such as
reduction in attractiveness of destination and economic development which impacts negatively.
Economical: As UNWTO launches new holiday packages which help to attract
customer and increases the economical condition of country.
Social cultural: The changes in cultures and taste of people can impact on UNWTO.
To be sustain in competitive market it need to innovate new product that means it should
launches new packages which influences customers.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been determined that travel and tourism industry covers the
international market by connect the people from various global destination. Thus, with the
change in time, technology and innovation of various products led to growth of travel industry
which has shaped the experience of customer. Along with that there are various destinations
stops that act as a popular point and attract customer to view them closely. Furthermore,
motivational tool act as a stimulus that appeal the customer to take decision. Therefore, every
country tries to build destination stops so that they can attract people globally.
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REFRENCES
Books and Journal
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commodification. Tourism management. 34. pp.1-13.
Hall, M., 2012. Spa and health tourism. In Sport and adventure tourism (pp. 298-317).
Routledge.
McWha, et,al., 2016. Writing for the anti-tourist? Imagining the contemporary travel magazine
reader as an authentic experience seeker. Current Issues in Tourism. 19(1). pp.85-99.
Hall, C. M., 2013. Wine, food, and tourism marketing. Routledge.
Minca, C. and Oakes, T. eds., 2012. Real tourism: practice, care, and politics in contemporary
travel culture (Vol. 26). Routledge.
Blanchard, L. A. and Higgins-Desbiolles, F. eds., 2013. Peace through tourism: Promoting
human security through international citizenship. Routledge.
Mostafanezhad, M., et.al., 2016. Political ecology of tourism: Community, power and the
environment. Routledge.
Long, L. M., 2013. Culinary tourism (pp. 1-8). Springer Netherlands.
Desbordes, M. and Richelieu, A. eds., 2012. Global sport marketing: Contemporary issues and
practice. Routledge.
Bærenholdt, J. O., Haldrup, M. and Urry, J., 2017. Performing tourist places. Routledge.
Prebensen, N. K., Chen, J. S. and Uysal, M. eds., 2018. Creating experience value in tourism.
Cabi.
Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. and Campbell, D., 2012. Strategic management for travel and
tourism. Taylor & Francis.
Gladstone, D. L., 2013. From pilgrimage to package tour: Travel and tourism in the third world.
Routledge.
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