Article Analysis 1: Analysis of COPD Research Articles at GCU

This assignment involves the analysis of three research articles related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The analysis focuses on identifying key elements within each study, including the broad topic area, independent and dependent variables, the type of data associated with these variables, and the population of interest. Furthermore, the assignment examines the sampling methods employed, distinguishing between random, convenience, and snowball sampling techniques. The core of the analysis involves extracting and categorizing descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (e.g., p-values, correlation coefficients) presented in the articles. The studies investigate relationships between airflow obstruction and quantitative CT measurements, the assessment of erector spinae muscles, and the application of CT imaging in understanding COPD and fibrotic interstitial lung disease. The assignment also requires proper citation and permalink usage in APA format.

Article Analysis 1
Article Citation
and Permalink
(APA format)
Article 1 Article 2 Article 3
Point Description Description Description
Broad Topic
Area/Title
Relationships Between
Airflow Obstruction and
Quantitative CT
Measurements of
Emphysema, Air Trapping,
and Airways in Subjects With
and Without Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease
Quantitative Assessment of
Erector Spinae Muscles in
Patients with Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease. Novel Chest
Computed Tomography–
derived Index for Prognosis
Using Quantitative Computed
Tomographic Imaging to
Understand Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease and Fibrotic
Interstitial Lung Disease
Identify
Independent and
Dependent
Variables and
Type of Data for
the Variables
LAA-856E
Independent variable
(FVC) (r = –0.77 and –0.84,
respectively)
Dependent variable
cross-sectional area of ESM
dependent variable
COPD – independent variable
Computed tomography –
independent variable
Copd – dependent variable
Population of
Interest for the
Study
non-Hispanic African
Americans (Non-Hispanic
whites)
Japanese based COPD
patients
COPD patients from hospitals
of Canada
© 2019. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Sample 10,000-subject cohort, 4542
subjects were chosen
130 male gender patients
along with 20 smoking control
males are enrolled in this
study
CT Scans of Patients who has
COPD and related disorders
were chosen
Sampling Method Random sampling
Lobe by lobe volumetric data
was chosen
Random sampling, in this case
eased the process of selection,
helping the participants of the
study select the right type of
the sample size and it is
important to be noted that a
volumetric data was to be
chosen.
Convenience sampling
Subjects were chosen
who had a
(1) 20 year old history
smoking with related
diagnosis of chronic
obstructive along with
a history of present
illness to 4 weeks (2)
the gold standard
should have been used
3) confirmed with CT
scan previously (4) In
past 4 weeks, no
exacerbations within
COPD
Exclusion criteria
(1) do not have 20
year old history
smoking with
related
diagnosis of
chronic
obstructive
along with a
Snowball sampling
Snowball sampling, in this
case eased the process of
selection, helping the
participants of the study select
the right type of the sample
size and it is important to note
or rather consider very vitally
that the bias presentations
were eliminated from the data
set and analysis as this
sampling method was used.
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history of
present illness
to 4 weeks (2)
not the gold
standard
should have
been used 3)
not confirmed
with CT scan
previously (4)
In past 4
weeks, there
was
exacerbations
of COPD
Convenient sampling,
in this case eased the
process of selection,
helping the
participants of the
study select the right
type of the sample size
and it is important that
the right inclusion and
exclusion criteria was
chosen
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Descriptive
Statistics (Mean,
Median, Mode;
Standard
Deviation)
Identify examples
of descriptive
statistics in the
article.
mean lung attenuation value at
the 15th percentile,
p < 0.10
Mean - 39
mean −1SD - 35
mean −2SD 32 cm2
FEV1, L – p value <0.0001
Mean ∼−800 HU
Inferential
Statistics
Identify examples
of inferential
statistics in the
article.
FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (R2 =
0.72 and 0.77, respectively)
The expected outcome was
met by the findings
Older age (P = 0.03), lower
BMI (P = 0.003),
higher mMRC dyspnea scale
score (P < 0.0001),
lower FEV1 percent predicted
value (P = 0.007),
lower IC/TLC ratio (P <
0.0001),
lower DlCO (P < 0.0001),
higher LAA% (P = 0.0004), l
lower PMCSA (P = 0.0004),
lower ESMCSA (P < 0.0001)
The expected outcome was
met by the findings
baseline CT scan (solid line)
has a mean of −730.6 HU,
with a skewness of 2.3 and
kurtosis of 5.7.
the findings met the aim or
rather the focus of the
research.
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References
Castillo-Saldana, D., Hague, C. J., Coxson, H. O., & Ryerson, C. J. (2019). Using Quantitative Computed Tomographic Imaging to
Understand Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease: State of the Art and Future
Directions. Journal of Thoracic Imaging.
Schroeder, J. D., McKenzie, A. S., Zach, J. A., Wilson, C. G., Curran-Everett, D., Stinson, D. S., ... & Lynch, D. A. (2013).
Relationships between airflow obstruction and quantitative CT measurements of emphysema, air trapping, and airways in
subjects with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Roentgenology, 201(3), W460-W470.
Tanimura, K., Sato, S., Fuseya, Y., Hasegawa, K., Uemasu, K., Sato, A., ... & Muro, S. (2016). Quantitative assessment of erector
spinae muscles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. novel chest computed Tomography–derived index for
prognosis. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 13(3), 334-341.
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