Corporate Accounting Report: Analysis of Grain Corp Ltd Financials

This report presents a detailed analysis of the financial statements of Grain Corp Ltd, an ASX-listed agribusiness company. The analysis covers the cash flow statement, examining receipts, payments, and net cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities over three years (2015-2017). It...Read More

Corporate Accounting

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
CASH FLOW STATEMENT..........................................................................................................1
1. Discuss items of cash flow statement of company in past years........................................1
2. Analysing cash flows of previous years.............................................................................3
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENT................................................................4
3. Discuss items of other comprehensive income statement..................................................4
4. Understanding of each item in the statement.....................................................................5
5. Items not recorded in income statement.............................................................................6
ACCOUNTING FOR CORPORATE INCOME TAX....................................................................6
6. Firm's tax expense..............................................................................................................6
7. Is figure same as company tax rate times of firm's accounting income.............................6
8. Commenting on deferred tax assets/liabilities....................................................................7
9. Providing current tax assets or income tax payable reported by firm................................7
10. Is income tax paid same as income tax expense...............................................................7
11. Treatment of tax of firm...................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Financial statements are important documents of company in analysing information in
effective way. Present report deals with analysing financial statements of ASX listed company
named as Grain Corp Ltd engaged in agribusiness. Financials are effectively assessed and items
of the same are discussed quite effectually. Evaluation of firm's tax expense and all relevant
items are explained.
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
1. Discuss items of cash flow statement of company in past years
Cash flow statements are listed below of Grain Corp Ltd which is one of the biggest firm
engaged in the agribusiness mainly receiving and storing of food products and satisfying
worldwide customers quite effectually. There are financials such as cash flow statement, balance
sheet and income statement which provides company's management and external stockholders to
effectively analyse and take enhanced decisions.
Particulars 2017 2016 2015
Receipts 4824.1 4350.5 4315.5
Payments to suppliers
and workers -4505.3 -4125.7 -4006.9
318.8 224.8 308.6
Proceeds from bank
(stock funding) 42.2 -4 9.1
Interest attained 2.4 1.3 2.6
Interest paid -41.9 -38.4 -42.6
Income taxes provided -21 -32.2 -6.6
Net cash flow from
operating activities 300.5 151.5 271.1
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Payment for Property,
Plant and Equipment
(PPE) -199.7 -268.2 -223.6
Making payment for
computer software -26.5 -7.9 -12.8
Proceeds from sale of
PPE 34.8 4.4 6.2
Proceeds from
investment sales or
business 106.6
Made Investment
Payments -35.6 -5.9 -2.3
Dividend attained 83.2 0.2
Loans repaid by party 19.1
Net cash outflow from
investing activities -37.2 -277.6 -213.2
Proceeds from
borrowings 941 801.1 679.8
Loan Repayments -1080.7 -696.6 -561.8
Paid dividend -42.3 -22.9 -28.6
Non-controlling interest
(NCI) in period 1.5
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Purchased treasury
shares in year -4.1
Net cash flow from
financing activities -184.6 81.6 89.4
Net decrease / (increase)
of cash and cash
equivalents (CCE) 78.7 -44.5 147.3
Opening balance of cash 307.6 374 206.2
Effect of Exchange rate
in year 2.6 -21.9 20.5
Closing balance of cash 388.9 307.6 374
The cash flow statements are produced for three years starting from 2015, 2016 and 2017.
It can be assessed that receipts are increased constantly as it was 4315.6 in 2015, 4350.5 in 2016
and maximised to 4824.1 in recent year. This means that organisation has extended credit but
also receiving amount in the best possible manner. Payments to suppliers and employees have
increased as well in past periods. The bank borrowings are increased as it was 9.1 in the financial
year 2015, -4 in next year and reached to 42.2 in 2017 (Grain Corp Ltd. 2017). Moreover,
interest income is being maximised as it was 2.6 in 2015, increased to 1.3 in next period and 2.4
in 2017. On the other hand, payments of PPE has been maximised in these years. Computer
software payments is increased. It is evident from the fact that in 2015 figure was 12.8,
decreased to 7.9 in 2016 and maximised to 26.5 in later year. Moreover, proceeds from sale of
PPE has been accomplished as it was 6.2 in 2015, decreased to 4.4 and hiked to 34.8 in 2017.
Proceeds from sale of investment has been attained in 2017 amounting to 106.6.
Investment payments are made in three years which are increased as it was 2.3, 5.9 and
35.6 in past years respectively. Loans repaid by parties was made in 2015 amounting to 19.1.
Proceeds from borrowings are increased as it was 679.8 in 2015, 801.1 in next year and 941 in
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2017. Loans are repaid by Grain Corp Ltd as figure has been hiked in 2017 to 1080.7 while it
was 561.8 in 2015. Dividends are paid by company to shareholders as it was 28.6 in 2015, 22.9 I
later year and increased to 42.3 in the latest financial year. Non-controlling Interest is 1.5 in
2017. Treasury shares are purchased amounting to 4.1 in 2017. Thus, ending cash balance of
organisation is more than opening balance in 2017 which shows position is enhanced from past
years (García-Meca, López-Iturriaga and Tejerina-Gaite, 2017).
2. Analysing cash flows of previous years
It can be analysed from the cash flow statements that cash position of company is overall
good. Cash is properly used in various operational activities quite effectually. It is clarified by
the operating activities that it was 271.1 in 2015. However, it was decreased to 151.5 in 2016 and
again hiked to 300.5 in recent year. On the other hand, investing activities are also favourable as
cash is being generated in the past years by selling of investments and fixed assets in the best
possible manner. It is evident from the fact that in 2015, figure was 213.2 and increased to 277.6
while again reduced to 37.2 in 2017. On the other side, cash flows from financing activities were
89.4 in 2015, decreased to 81.6 in 2016. While, -184.6 of outflow is attained as cash has been
utilised in paying bank borrowings and dividends. However, it can be assessed that overall cash
position is good as closing balance of cash is favourable (Agrawal and Cooper, 2017).
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENT
3. Discuss items of other comprehensive income statement
Particulars 2017 2016 2015
Profit 125.2 30.9 32.1
Other comprehensive
income
Items not to
reclassified to Profit
and loss account
Retirement benefit 12.7 -17.4 -1.1
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obligations
(Remeasurement)
Income tax on above
items -2.9 2.6 0.6
Items to reclassified to
Profit and loss account
Changes found in fair
value of cash flow
hedge in year 28.6 4.6 -21.6
Shares of income of
joint ventures -0.1 0.1
Income tax on above
items -6.8 -2.1 5.2
Exchange difference of
foreign business 2.1 -78.4 89.2
Other comprehensive
income obtained (Net
tax) 33.7 -90.8 72.4
Total comprehensive
income available to
equity holders 158.9 -59.9 104.5
Total comprehensive
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income available to:
Parent entity equity
shareholders' 158.9
Non-controlling
interest (NCI)
158.9 -59.9 104.5
4. Understanding of each item in the statement
Other comprehensive income statement is prepared for Grain Corp Ltd for the three
years. In this statement, those items are recorded which are not yet being achieved by
organisation (Häcker and Ernst, 2017). It implies all gains, losses and revenues that are not
realised actually are reported in it. The profit was 32.1 in 2015, reduced to 30.9 in next year and
increased to 125.2 in recent year. There are items not to be classified to income statement such as
remeasurement of retirement benefits which were -1.1 in 2015, increased to -17.4 in 2016 and
became positive in 2017 amounting to 12.7. Taxes are paid on above items as well. On the other
hand, there are items to be classified to Profit and Loss account such as changes in cash flow
hedges which were -21.6 in 2015, maximised to 4.6 in 2016 and further maximised to 28.6.
Income from joint ventures are realised and income taxes are paid as well. Exchange differences
were 89.2 in 2015, -78.4 in 2016 and 2.1 in 2017. Net tax other comprehensive income is
realised amounting to 72.4 in 2015, -90.8 in 2016 and became positive in 2017 to 33.7. Thus,
income has been attained in 2017 amounting to 158.9.
5. Items not recorded in income statement
There are various items which are not recorded in income statements. This is because
these items are not actually realised and thus, cannot be reported in regular Profit and Loss
account. This is evident from the fact that items like remeasurement of retirement benefits, fair
value changes in cash flow hedges, share income from joint ventures are classified in this
statement. Hence, these items are not recorded in the income statement (Lerner and Seru, 2017).
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ACCOUNTING FOR CORPORATE INCOME TAX
6. Firm's tax expense
The tax expenditure is required to be ascertain as it brings liability on the side of
company to pay taxes to the government in a particular year. The current year tax expense of
Grain Corp Ltd is 59.5. The amount has been segregated and includes prior periods provision
amounting to -0.9, deferred tax of 50.8 and current tax amounting to 9.6. On the other hand, from
this tax expense, effective income tax can be calculated by implementing formula. It can be
accomplished by dividing tax expense by EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) and thus,
32.2 % is attained. Hence, this amount of tax is reported as current liability because it needs to be
paid in current year.
7. Is figure same as company tax rate times of firm's accounting income
It can be said that accounting income is generated from the normal business operations as
estimation of performances are done (Liu, Li, Zeng and An, 2017). In relation to this, gains and
losses which are actually realised are only accounted for. It is clarified that unrealised losses or
gains are not taken. Income tax expenditure of Grain Corp Ltd is 59.5 and effective tax rate
amounts to 32.2 %. Thus, it can be said that tax expense figure is same as tax rate of accounting
income of organisation.
8. Commenting on deferred tax assets/liabilities
Deferred tax assets are favourable for the organisation as it helps to reduce income tax
liability in the future. This figure is attained when company has overpaid taxes to the government
or advance payment is being made. It can be analysed from balance sheet of Grain Corp Ltd that
in 2017 deferred tax assets were 37. However, it was 63.8 in 2016 and increased to 71.2 in 2016.
Thus, it can be said that figure is reduced in 2017 and taxable income is required to be fully paid
and only 37 may be reduced from the same. Deferred tax liability is opposite of deferred tax
asset as when differences are observed in future and current tax amount, obligation to pay in the
future arises (Harris, Kinkela, Arnold and Liu 2017). The amount was 78 in 2015, increased to
80.6 in 2017 and liability is increased to pay tax.
9. Providing current tax assets or income tax payable reported by firm
Financials such as balance sheet is scrutinised and figures of current tax assets are found
out in the same. It can be assessed that amount of 1.1 is recorded in 2015, maximised to 2.5 in
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2016 and 16 in the financial year 2017. The taxable income and accounting income are not same.
Moreover, it is analysed that income tax liability will be increased in the future as current tax
assets are maximised.
10. Is income tax paid same as income tax expense
The income tax expense reported in the income statement is not same as income tax paid
listed in the cash flow statements. The main reason behind difference is that accounting rules and
regulations in relation to the financial reporting is way distinguished when tax computation is
done and as such, figures attained are different from each other. Final amount of tax can be
accomplished which must be paid on profits will be different from actual tax bills. It can be
assessed from financial statements that income tax expense is 59.5 reported in income statement.
On the other hand, income tax paid by Grain Corp Ltd in 2017 is 21 which is distinguished from
one another and thus, these are not same (Tahat, Omran and Dunne, 2017).
11. Treatment of tax of firm
The treatment of tax is differently treated by companies as per accounting rules and
policies adopted by it. It can be analysed that Grain Corp Ltd has followed different tax
computation for latest financial year. The method of depreciation chosen by organisation is
straight line and as such, fixed assets are depreciated accordingly. The income tax is regarded as
current liability as it has to be paid in current year. The treatment is made by applying 30 % tax
rate as per the rates applicable by Australian government. Deferred tax computation is not made
on items such as identification of assets and liabilities, goodwill having no impact on income of
firm (Warren and Jones, 2018). Moreover, consolidated tax group has been headed by having
agreement in tax and thus, overall treatment of tax is interesting to understand.
CONCLUSION
Hereby it can be concluded that financial statements are effectively utilised by the parties
to take enhanced decisions. External users of accounting information and management of
organisation are benefited by scrutinising financials. Thus, they are able to take better decisions
quite effectually.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Agrawal, A. and Cooper, T., 2017. Corporate governance consequences of accounting scandals:
Evidence from top management, CFO and auditor turnover. Quarterly Journal of
Finance. 7(01). p.1650014.
García-Meca, E., López-Iturriaga, F. and Tejerina-Gaite, F., 2017. Institutional investors on
boards: Does their behavior influence corporate finance?. Journal of Business
Ethics,146(2), pp.365-382.
Häcker, J. and Ernst, D., 2017. Corporate Finance Part I. InFinancial Modeling (pp. 501-622).
Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Harris, P., Kinkela, K., Arnold, L.W. and Liu, M., 2017. Corporate Accounting Malfeasance and
Financial Reporting Restatements in the Post-Sarbanes-Oxley Era.
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