Corporate Governance Case Study: Examining Sports Direct's Practices
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Case Study
AI Summary
This case study examines the corporate governance practices of Sports Direct, a major British sports retailer. It delves into various issues, including employment practices, ethical concerns, and risk management failures. The case study highlights the company's struggles with employee treatment, including zero-hour contracts, inadequate pay, and poor working conditions. It also addresses ethical breaches related to supplier relations and product quality. The analysis explores the impact of these issues on stakeholders, including employees, suppliers, and shareholders. The study further discusses the application of corporate governance principles, ethical theories, and legal regulations. It then proposes recommendations for improving corporate governance, emphasizing the importance of ethical behavior, stakeholder engagement, and effective risk management. The case study concludes by emphasizing the need for reform and accountability within the organization to address the identified challenges and improve its overall performance.
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Contents
Case study...................................................................................................................................................2
Introduction to the case study and organization.......................................................................................2
Case study:..........................................................................................................................................3
Preparing the case:...............................................................................................................................3
Conclusion...............................................................................................................................................6
Case study analysis......................................................................................................................................6
Main corporate governance issues...........................................................................................................6
Theories and professional and legal regulation........................................................................................9
Responses to the issue...........................................................................................................................11
Corporate governance in UK.................................................................................................................15
Lesson from the case.............................................................................................................................17
Investing within the firm.......................................................................................................................20
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................21
References.................................................................................................................................................22
Case study...................................................................................................................................................2
Introduction to the case study and organization.......................................................................................2
Case study:..........................................................................................................................................3
Preparing the case:...............................................................................................................................3
Conclusion...............................................................................................................................................6
Case study analysis......................................................................................................................................6
Main corporate governance issues...........................................................................................................6
Theories and professional and legal regulation........................................................................................9
Responses to the issue...........................................................................................................................11
Corporate governance in UK.................................................................................................................15
Lesson from the case.............................................................................................................................17
Investing within the firm.......................................................................................................................20
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................21
References.................................................................................................................................................22
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Case study
Introduction to the case study and organization
Sports direct is one of the best sports retailers in the British region and also in the world. The
company was founded by Mike Ashley in the year of 1982. This public sector has it’s
headquarter in Shirebrook in England. They have 670 stores in the global retail market. They
have owned a huge number of sporting brands and traders in their sportsDirect.com base. Sports
direct has owned the franchise of Slazenger, Firetrap, Lonsdale and Dunlop. Mike Ashley has
established a good relation with their stakeholders who are associated with the company. Till
2013, they have successfully held a good position in the stock market with 61.7% approx. in
December 2006, the company had built up a stake of approx. 29.4% of Blacks Leisure Group. In
2007, the company had taken 25% stake of Matalan and also in June 2007 Sports Direct have
acquired Everest for 84 million Euro. The company has a holding on John David of 12.3%
approx. Apart from that they have more than 11,000 employees in UK and they have franchises
in South Africa and Middle East. Case study is important to get a proper understanding of how
the organization is going to take their operations in the market and how they are doing business
with their stakeholders and suppliers. To build a case study on the Sports Direct, it is important
to get an overview of the organization as it is mentioned above.
Introduction to the case study and organization
Sports direct is one of the best sports retailers in the British region and also in the world. The
company was founded by Mike Ashley in the year of 1982. This public sector has it’s
headquarter in Shirebrook in England. They have 670 stores in the global retail market. They
have owned a huge number of sporting brands and traders in their sportsDirect.com base. Sports
direct has owned the franchise of Slazenger, Firetrap, Lonsdale and Dunlop. Mike Ashley has
established a good relation with their stakeholders who are associated with the company. Till
2013, they have successfully held a good position in the stock market with 61.7% approx. in
December 2006, the company had built up a stake of approx. 29.4% of Blacks Leisure Group. In
2007, the company had taken 25% stake of Matalan and also in June 2007 Sports Direct have
acquired Everest for 84 million Euro. The company has a holding on John David of 12.3%
approx. Apart from that they have more than 11,000 employees in UK and they have franchises
in South Africa and Middle East. Case study is important to get a proper understanding of how
the organization is going to take their operations in the market and how they are doing business
with their stakeholders and suppliers. To build a case study on the Sports Direct, it is important
to get an overview of the organization as it is mentioned above.

Case study:
Purpose of the
The main purpose of the case study is to understand the corporate governance and its’
effectiveness in the organization. To get a picture of their activities of maintaining the corporate
governance, the case study will focus on their main issues and the action plans of Sports Direct.
Case subject:
The main subject of the case study is reviewing and understanding of the corporate governance
in the organization. To get an idea of the corporate governance the Sports Direct and their
corporate governance have been selected for the case study analysis and focusing on the case
study.
Ethical concern:
Maintaining the ethics for preparing the case study is must important part of the section.
However, the case study did not disclose any personal and highly privet information of the
company. Depending on that, researching the organization personally is also not done for the
purpose. All the sources have been collected from the internet and university library.
Preparing the case:
Sports Direct is one of the successful sports retailers in the world. Depending on that the
company should follow their ethics and maintain their corporate governance over the
organization. From the research, it is revealed that the company has not followed their risk
management purpose to manage risks in the organizing. MP's, Trade unions and media. It is
noticed that the company had not met the working hours while the employees are working in the
company. The motivation of zero hour working is irrelevant from the unions. They have
Purpose of the
The main purpose of the case study is to understand the corporate governance and its’
effectiveness in the organization. To get a picture of their activities of maintaining the corporate
governance, the case study will focus on their main issues and the action plans of Sports Direct.
Case subject:
The main subject of the case study is reviewing and understanding of the corporate governance
in the organization. To get an idea of the corporate governance the Sports Direct and their
corporate governance have been selected for the case study analysis and focusing on the case
study.
Ethical concern:
Maintaining the ethics for preparing the case study is must important part of the section.
However, the case study did not disclose any personal and highly privet information of the
company. Depending on that, researching the organization personally is also not done for the
purpose. All the sources have been collected from the internet and university library.
Preparing the case:
Sports Direct is one of the successful sports retailers in the world. Depending on that the
company should follow their ethics and maintain their corporate governance over the
organization. From the research, it is revealed that the company has not followed their risk
management purpose to manage risks in the organizing. MP's, Trade unions and media. It is
noticed that the company had not met the working hours while the employees are working in the
company. The motivation of zero hour working is irrelevant from the unions. They have

constantly forced their employees to work extra time to meet the goals and objectives of the
organization. In this way, many workers become ill, and many have left the corporation. The
managers have also forced them to work for extra hours and reduced the payment for the
employees. From press conference, it is reflected that the general manager of Sports Direct was
unaware of the situation. Thus, the management is very weak in the case of maintaining the risks
in the case of employee satisfaction and organizational improvements.
Health policies are mostly important for any organization to implement for make a healthy
working culture. However, the employees are getting sick during work. The main reason for this
problem is the six strikes policy. By following the policy, the organization does not allow the
employees to take leave and if thy take leaves, they will deduct their remuneration. In this way,
the employees don't get payment if they are absent from illness. However, the corporate
governance of the company is fully responsible for the situation; it is the duty of the board of
directs to look after the policies that the company is following. One of the greatest scandals of
the organization is, the employees are taking a long stick for toilet and don't work properly. Now
the organization is facing great loss and don't meet the goals and objectives of the company.
From the BBC investigation, it is revealed that the company has to call the ambulance in the base
for 76 times almost in the last two years. The corporate bodies are looking after the situation and
they have made a promise to solve the problem as soon as possible. The company has a debt
almost 1million Euro. They did not pay the warehouse workers for last few months. Almost 200
workers have stopped working in the warehouse due to lack of payment. Depending on that the
corporate governance over the warehouse system and employees. Now it is the main motto of the
organization to solve the problem and make the sector workable. Employees are not willing to
work for the management and their decisions over the working policies. Though the governing
organization. In this way, many workers become ill, and many have left the corporation. The
managers have also forced them to work for extra hours and reduced the payment for the
employees. From press conference, it is reflected that the general manager of Sports Direct was
unaware of the situation. Thus, the management is very weak in the case of maintaining the risks
in the case of employee satisfaction and organizational improvements.
Health policies are mostly important for any organization to implement for make a healthy
working culture. However, the employees are getting sick during work. The main reason for this
problem is the six strikes policy. By following the policy, the organization does not allow the
employees to take leave and if thy take leaves, they will deduct their remuneration. In this way,
the employees don't get payment if they are absent from illness. However, the corporate
governance of the company is fully responsible for the situation; it is the duty of the board of
directs to look after the policies that the company is following. One of the greatest scandals of
the organization is, the employees are taking a long stick for toilet and don't work properly. Now
the organization is facing great loss and don't meet the goals and objectives of the company.
From the BBC investigation, it is revealed that the company has to call the ambulance in the base
for 76 times almost in the last two years. The corporate bodies are looking after the situation and
they have made a promise to solve the problem as soon as possible. The company has a debt
almost 1million Euro. They did not pay the warehouse workers for last few months. Almost 200
workers have stopped working in the warehouse due to lack of payment. Depending on that the
corporate governance over the warehouse system and employees. Now it is the main motto of the
organization to solve the problem and make the sector workable. Employees are not willing to
work for the management and their decisions over the working policies. Though the governing
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bodies have claimed that they did not pay for a few months, it is examined that the company did
not pay the workers for last four years. Thus, it is a huge scandal of two million Euro.
One of the major problems in the company is that they are not maintaining the ethical
considerations. However, the main motto of the company is to satisfy the customers by providing
the discount on the products. Now, here is the most significant issue that the company has missed
that they have not improved the quality of products and also not merchandising the products
according to the customer's needs. It is also hard to identify the products that are on sale.
Labeling does not provide the full information to the customers. On the other hand, the company
is investing high in the printing process. The company is also providing a different price for the
same product in different shops. However, they are also not providing key ethical adaptation to
the employees while working. On the other hand, the company did not provide the health safety
to the employees in the working environment. Thus, they are suffering employee losses from
past years.
While it is about to pay the suppliers, the company is also refusing to pay them their price. The
ethical behavior of the company is also not matched with the supplier’s demands. Thus, the
supply process of the company become down in past few years. The suppliers have also laid of
with just a notice period of 15 minutes around 200 workers.
From the current issues, the company has decided to focus on their corporate social
responsibilities. They have decided to work on their work and environmental health and safety,
community and people, and developing the environment. These all ideas have brought a great
performance indicator. It is likely to say; the time will portray their commitments.
not pay the workers for last four years. Thus, it is a huge scandal of two million Euro.
One of the major problems in the company is that they are not maintaining the ethical
considerations. However, the main motto of the company is to satisfy the customers by providing
the discount on the products. Now, here is the most significant issue that the company has missed
that they have not improved the quality of products and also not merchandising the products
according to the customer's needs. It is also hard to identify the products that are on sale.
Labeling does not provide the full information to the customers. On the other hand, the company
is investing high in the printing process. The company is also providing a different price for the
same product in different shops. However, they are also not providing key ethical adaptation to
the employees while working. On the other hand, the company did not provide the health safety
to the employees in the working environment. Thus, they are suffering employee losses from
past years.
While it is about to pay the suppliers, the company is also refusing to pay them their price. The
ethical behavior of the company is also not matched with the supplier’s demands. Thus, the
supply process of the company become down in past few years. The suppliers have also laid of
with just a notice period of 15 minutes around 200 workers.
From the current issues, the company has decided to focus on their corporate social
responsibilities. They have decided to work on their work and environmental health and safety,
community and people, and developing the environment. These all ideas have brought a great
performance indicator. It is likely to say; the time will portray their commitments.

Conclusion
From the current investigation, it is likely to say; the organization is a great problem. The
corporate governance should look after the situations that the company is facing now. The
reformation of the company is much needed, and the governing bodies should be liable for the
necessary actions.
Case study analysis
Main corporate governance issues
One of the key principal of the corporate governance is to protect shareholders and facilitate their
rights in the organization, as well as the management should generate and provide investment
return for the risk fund spread by the shareholders. On the other hand, all shareholders must be
treated fairly including foreign and individual shareholders, as well as who are constitute a
minority (Kumar and Zattoni, 2013). In addition, the corporate governance also supports to
recognize the legal rights of stakeholders along with vacillating corporation in order to increase
the financial condition and handsome wealth for the organization. In addition, the employment
and competitive advantages including effective marketing strategy are influenced by corporate
governance structure. Apart from that, corporate governance includes transiency and disclosure
in the decision making process of the organization. Along with this, management, financial
performance and ownership of the organization are individually effected by timely disclosure of
the organization. Besides that, the board of directors are one of the major section of an
organization to reach of its desired aims and objectives. On the other hand, there are many VIP
gentlemen involved in the membership and shareholders list of the organization. Moreover, with
the help of the corporate governance, an organization can ensure the rights of their directors, as
From the current investigation, it is likely to say; the organization is a great problem. The
corporate governance should look after the situations that the company is facing now. The
reformation of the company is much needed, and the governing bodies should be liable for the
necessary actions.
Case study analysis
Main corporate governance issues
One of the key principal of the corporate governance is to protect shareholders and facilitate their
rights in the organization, as well as the management should generate and provide investment
return for the risk fund spread by the shareholders. On the other hand, all shareholders must be
treated fairly including foreign and individual shareholders, as well as who are constitute a
minority (Kumar and Zattoni, 2013). In addition, the corporate governance also supports to
recognize the legal rights of stakeholders along with vacillating corporation in order to increase
the financial condition and handsome wealth for the organization. In addition, the employment
and competitive advantages including effective marketing strategy are influenced by corporate
governance structure. Apart from that, corporate governance includes transiency and disclosure
in the decision making process of the organization. Along with this, management, financial
performance and ownership of the organization are individually effected by timely disclosure of
the organization. Besides that, the board of directors are one of the major section of an
organization to reach of its desired aims and objectives. On the other hand, there are many VIP
gentlemen involved in the membership and shareholders list of the organization. Moreover, with
the help of the corporate governance, an organization can ensure the rights of their directors, as

well as facilitating them with annual returns as a certain amount of the overall turnover or gross
profit of the organization (Alexis, 2005).
Sports Direct have failed to meet the professional ethics when doing business in the industry.
The first issues were the employment issues. There are some misleading parts like they don't pay
employees who are not coming to work for illness. The moral of an organization become down
for this unethical behaviors. However, they have to implement ethical theories to connect with
employees. According to the research, employees should be monitored with the help of moral
laws. Employees should be analyzed through the benefits and the activities. Reducing the
payment of employees is not a good idea to make employees productive. Social contract theory
is effective for Sports Direct to understand employees better. With the theory, employees are
monitored through ethical tights. The employees should give up some of their ethical rights when
they are working in an organization.
Getting paid for the task is one of the most crucial right for the employees. In this way, the
employees should get paid for the tasks that they are performing in the Sports direct. According
to the case study, the company did not pay their warehouse employees thought they have worked
for the company. They should pay their remuneration to make sustainable employment policies
(Keane, 2009).
Paying the suppliers is the most important factor for any company. Sports Direct should focus on
their suppliers and the stakeholders who are associated with the organization. They should follow
the stakeholder theory to prevent their stakeholders and retain them in the organization. The
moral and ethical right of stakeholders is to participate in any decision-making process. The
company should allow them to participate and make a judgment on the particular topic. They
profit of the organization (Alexis, 2005).
Sports Direct have failed to meet the professional ethics when doing business in the industry.
The first issues were the employment issues. There are some misleading parts like they don't pay
employees who are not coming to work for illness. The moral of an organization become down
for this unethical behaviors. However, they have to implement ethical theories to connect with
employees. According to the research, employees should be monitored with the help of moral
laws. Employees should be analyzed through the benefits and the activities. Reducing the
payment of employees is not a good idea to make employees productive. Social contract theory
is effective for Sports Direct to understand employees better. With the theory, employees are
monitored through ethical tights. The employees should give up some of their ethical rights when
they are working in an organization.
Getting paid for the task is one of the most crucial right for the employees. In this way, the
employees should get paid for the tasks that they are performing in the Sports direct. According
to the case study, the company did not pay their warehouse employees thought they have worked
for the company. They should pay their remuneration to make sustainable employment policies
(Keane, 2009).
Paying the suppliers is the most important factor for any company. Sports Direct should focus on
their suppliers and the stakeholders who are associated with the organization. They should follow
the stakeholder theory to prevent their stakeholders and retain them in the organization. The
moral and ethical right of stakeholders is to participate in any decision-making process. The
company should allow them to participate and make a judgment on the particular topic. They
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should understand the importance and employees and customers, and also they have to respect
the choice of customers and also the participation of stakeholders (McLean and Mason, 2003).
The chance organization appears in each of the three codes to evolving degrees: In the NYSE
code, the essential is for the leading Audit group of trustees to discuss game plans on peril
evaluation and danger organization. This is elucidated help with the study as takes after:
While it is the control of the CEO and senior organization of Sports Direct International plc
Company to overview and mange to risk, the survey leading body of trustees must analyze
principles and plans to regulate the method by which this is dealt with. The survey leading body
of trustees should look at the Sports Direct International plc Company's real cash related risk
exposures and the methods organization has taken to screen and control such exposures (McLean
and Mason, 2003). The admonitory survey gathering is not required to be the sole body
responsible for peril assessment and organization, regardless, as communicated over, the leading
group of trustees must inspect guidelines and courses of action to speak to the technique by
which chance evaluation and organization endeavours. Numerous association like Sports Direct
International plc manage and study their peril through instruments other than the audit board.
The strategies this association has set up should be investigated for the most part by the survey
consultative gathering, be that as it may, they require not be supplanted by the audit leading
group of trustees (Hirschey, John and Makhija, 2005). The interesting parts of this are the
yearning that it is the control of CEO and senior organization to review and manage the Sports
Direct International plc association prologue to risk. The survey chamber's requirements are in
respect of budgetary peril exposures. There is no unequivocal need for the board to consider the
risk organization methods and framework by and large. Wears Direct International plc
convincing staff to work progressively moreover they constrained to work different hours set by
the choice of customers and also the participation of stakeholders (McLean and Mason, 2003).
The chance organization appears in each of the three codes to evolving degrees: In the NYSE
code, the essential is for the leading Audit group of trustees to discuss game plans on peril
evaluation and danger organization. This is elucidated help with the study as takes after:
While it is the control of the CEO and senior organization of Sports Direct International plc
Company to overview and mange to risk, the survey leading body of trustees must analyze
principles and plans to regulate the method by which this is dealt with. The survey leading body
of trustees should look at the Sports Direct International plc Company's real cash related risk
exposures and the methods organization has taken to screen and control such exposures (McLean
and Mason, 2003). The admonitory survey gathering is not required to be the sole body
responsible for peril assessment and organization, regardless, as communicated over, the leading
group of trustees must inspect guidelines and courses of action to speak to the technique by
which chance evaluation and organization endeavours. Numerous association like Sports Direct
International plc manage and study their peril through instruments other than the audit board.
The strategies this association has set up should be investigated for the most part by the survey
consultative gathering, be that as it may, they require not be supplanted by the audit leading
group of trustees (Hirschey, John and Makhija, 2005). The interesting parts of this are the
yearning that it is the control of CEO and senior organization to review and manage the Sports
Direct International plc association prologue to risk. The survey chamber's requirements are in
respect of budgetary peril exposures. There is no unequivocal need for the board to consider the
risk organization methods and framework by and large. Wears Direct International plc
convincing staff to work progressively moreover they constrained to work different hours set by

an administrator or pay being deducted if staff were late at work. Wears Direct International plc
Company must be equipped with trustworthy systems for the working time and their immovable
obligations and risks, and outfit staffs with critical information around there.
Theories and professional and legal regulation
Governance is a particular name that is used to highlight the changing method for the system
strategy in late decades. Corporate governance can be immediately consolidated as the structures
and strategies of Sports Direct International plc are controlled and facilitated. The thought is
basic on a fundamental level and essentially, as associations have distinctive accomplices. There
is an enormous bunch of source material while considering the quality or by and large of any
given code of corporate governance (Davies, 2006). Area laws, conventions and social orders
oversee approaches to managing corporate governance and shading the path in which it is gotten
Sports Direct International plc affiliation's sheets of official, money related masters and different
accomplices.
The NYSE code has three unique components, being
Code of business lead and ethics Sports Direct International plc Company must make and
realize appropriate codes of business direct and ethics. This is not unequivocally required
in either the Combined Code or the French Code. This nonappearance may be elucidated
by a supposition of irregular measures of business direct and ethics.
Certification-both the United code and French code require Sports Direct International
plc associations to either concur or clear up why they are not complying with their
different codes. The NYSE code obliges boss to ensure that they are consenting.
Accreditation has implications of a more grounded need to comply with the game plans
of corporate governance.
Company must be equipped with trustworthy systems for the working time and their immovable
obligations and risks, and outfit staffs with critical information around there.
Theories and professional and legal regulation
Governance is a particular name that is used to highlight the changing method for the system
strategy in late decades. Corporate governance can be immediately consolidated as the structures
and strategies of Sports Direct International plc are controlled and facilitated. The thought is
basic on a fundamental level and essentially, as associations have distinctive accomplices. There
is an enormous bunch of source material while considering the quality or by and large of any
given code of corporate governance (Davies, 2006). Area laws, conventions and social orders
oversee approaches to managing corporate governance and shading the path in which it is gotten
Sports Direct International plc affiliation's sheets of official, money related masters and different
accomplices.
The NYSE code has three unique components, being
Code of business lead and ethics Sports Direct International plc Company must make and
realize appropriate codes of business direct and ethics. This is not unequivocally required
in either the Combined Code or the French Code. This nonappearance may be elucidated
by a supposition of irregular measures of business direct and ethics.
Certification-both the United code and French code require Sports Direct International
plc associations to either concur or clear up why they are not complying with their
different codes. The NYSE code obliges boss to ensure that they are consenting.
Accreditation has implications of a more grounded need to comply with the game plans
of corporate governance.

Public Reprimand letter-The NYSE code is the principle code that imagines the use of
denouncing letters. Insubordination in the UK and France is fundamentally a zone to be
overseen by money related experts. Technique makers should consider whether there is a
section for Sports Direct International plc associations that don't agree to the necessities
of the joined code or French code of corporate governance.
European Codes
European codes of corporate governance have started late been subjected to European necessities
(Davies, 2006). A couple of perspectives that are found in both the joined code and the French
code, however, which are not in the NYSE code are:
Comply of illuminate as inspected over, the European code requires the sheets to reveal
the level of their disobedience with their different codes and to clear up why they have
not assented. Regardless, the affirmation of the cash related crisis is that this in now a
lacking consistence organization, especially for Sports Direct International plc
associations which have a phenomenal social impact.
Separation of the piece of Chairman and CEO-both the French and solidified codes
require the unit of the part of the official and CEO (McLean and Mason, 2003). This
paper is recommending a rebalancing of the Sports Direct International plc affiliation's
organization and insistence parts of sheets.
Availability of information both of the European codes discusses the importance of
information for the officials of Sports Direct International plc. Getting modify
straightforwardly between drenching administrators and keeping them from information
is of essential importance.
denouncing letters. Insubordination in the UK and France is fundamentally a zone to be
overseen by money related experts. Technique makers should consider whether there is a
section for Sports Direct International plc associations that don't agree to the necessities
of the joined code or French code of corporate governance.
European Codes
European codes of corporate governance have started late been subjected to European necessities
(Davies, 2006). A couple of perspectives that are found in both the joined code and the French
code, however, which are not in the NYSE code are:
Comply of illuminate as inspected over, the European code requires the sheets to reveal
the level of their disobedience with their different codes and to clear up why they have
not assented. Regardless, the affirmation of the cash related crisis is that this in now a
lacking consistence organization, especially for Sports Direct International plc
associations which have a phenomenal social impact.
Separation of the piece of Chairman and CEO-both the French and solidified codes
require the unit of the part of the official and CEO (McLean and Mason, 2003). This
paper is recommending a rebalancing of the Sports Direct International plc affiliation's
organization and insistence parts of sheets.
Availability of information both of the European codes discusses the importance of
information for the officials of Sports Direct International plc. Getting modify
straightforwardly between drenching administrators and keeping them from information
is of essential importance.
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Reporting to the market-both European codes have courses of action concerning the need
to reply to the market.
Periodic races in Europe all boss are to be at risk to discontinuous choices. This is not
covered in the NYSE code (guptil, 2003).
There are two particular plans in the joined code which don't appear in the other two codes
considered:
The role of institutional examiners: the Combined Code has a fragment on institutional
money related pros. Demonstrate prescribes that the piece of institutional money
associated pros in an ideal arrival of corporate governance is enormously basic. It may be
this would be more fittingly tended to in a code for institutional monetary authorities,
instead of in the Combined Code which is more reasonably tended to the top
administrative staff. Game plan makers should consider paying little respect to whether
they should make codes of practice or necessary necessities for the relationship of
institutional money related masters in the fruitful arranging and arrival of corporate
governance in their endeavors.
Responses to the issue
The theoretical framework of corporate governance is influenced by various types of approaches
such as shareholder value approach, stakeholder approach and these approaches effectively
influence the practical governance measurements of the organization. On the other hand, many
countries such as UK, USA, and Japan adopt a prime and international legislations based
to reply to the market.
Periodic races in Europe all boss are to be at risk to discontinuous choices. This is not
covered in the NYSE code (guptil, 2003).
There are two particular plans in the joined code which don't appear in the other two codes
considered:
The role of institutional examiners: the Combined Code has a fragment on institutional
money related pros. Demonstrate prescribes that the piece of institutional money
associated pros in an ideal arrival of corporate governance is enormously basic. It may be
this would be more fittingly tended to in a code for institutional monetary authorities,
instead of in the Combined Code which is more reasonably tended to the top
administrative staff. Game plan makers should consider paying little respect to whether
they should make codes of practice or necessary necessities for the relationship of
institutional money related masters in the fruitful arranging and arrival of corporate
governance in their endeavors.
Responses to the issue
The theoretical framework of corporate governance is influenced by various types of approaches
such as shareholder value approach, stakeholder approach and these approaches effectively
influence the practical governance measurements of the organization. On the other hand, many
countries such as UK, USA, and Japan adopt a prime and international legislations based

approaches to corporate governance in order to establish a disciplined management structure.
Apart from that, the approaches that increase the performance of the organization (Gottschalk,
2011). Apart from that, with the help of shareholders value approach, the management of the
organization can focus on the level of the satisfaction mode of their shareholders mind. In
addition, the management can approach to the individual shareholder by providing right amount
of the gross profit which achieved by the organization in a specific year. According to many
report, the satisfaction of the shareholder is depended on the behavioral approaches of the
selected organization. As well as, a particular organization must follow a specific approach in
order to introduce the corporate governance in the organization. In addition, if an organization
adopt more than one approach style, then the internal and external business environment will be
damaged seriously(Aabo, 2010). On the other side, it is not seriously required the each
organization should follow each and every principal based approach for corporate governance.
Apart from that, the stakeholder approach is one of the significant aspect of the organization
which includes each and every types of internal and external activities. Besides that, the
stakeholders are identified as employees, customers, suppliers, owner, and shareholders and so
on. Each and every stakeholder includes individual importance which needs to be fulfilled by the
organization. In terms of the customers, which is one of the critical stakeholder of the
organization. In addition, in order to satisfy the customers, the management of the organization
needs to provide a quality service to their customers. Along with part, the customers can directly
improve the financial condition of the organization by increasing sales revenue. Apart from that,
employees of the organization are equally significant and important to achieve the goals and
objectives. Besides that, with the help of the employee performance, an organization can reform
the management structure as well as build milestones (Tiffin, 2011). With a specific end goal to
Apart from that, the approaches that increase the performance of the organization (Gottschalk,
2011). Apart from that, with the help of shareholders value approach, the management of the
organization can focus on the level of the satisfaction mode of their shareholders mind. In
addition, the management can approach to the individual shareholder by providing right amount
of the gross profit which achieved by the organization in a specific year. According to many
report, the satisfaction of the shareholder is depended on the behavioral approaches of the
selected organization. As well as, a particular organization must follow a specific approach in
order to introduce the corporate governance in the organization. In addition, if an organization
adopt more than one approach style, then the internal and external business environment will be
damaged seriously(Aabo, 2010). On the other side, it is not seriously required the each
organization should follow each and every principal based approach for corporate governance.
Apart from that, the stakeholder approach is one of the significant aspect of the organization
which includes each and every types of internal and external activities. Besides that, the
stakeholders are identified as employees, customers, suppliers, owner, and shareholders and so
on. Each and every stakeholder includes individual importance which needs to be fulfilled by the
organization. In terms of the customers, which is one of the critical stakeholder of the
organization. In addition, in order to satisfy the customers, the management of the organization
needs to provide a quality service to their customers. Along with part, the customers can directly
improve the financial condition of the organization by increasing sales revenue. Apart from that,
employees of the organization are equally significant and important to achieve the goals and
objectives. Besides that, with the help of the employee performance, an organization can reform
the management structure as well as build milestones (Tiffin, 2011). With a specific end goal to

meet vital objectives, powerful corporate governance is playing a fundamental part. Also, there
are two sorts of corporate governance distinguished, for example, internal and external system.
On the other hand, in the segment of the internal component, every single process and exercises
are controlled, and influential move will be made if any argument happens. With a specific end
goal to meet coveted objectives and aims, the management of Sport Direct international needs to
actualize an interesting strategy to enhance the relational abilities. Additionally, internal
component incorporates plane operations, performance estimation frameworks, mistake of
management, and division of policy and control development. On the other hand, the external
apparatuses incorporate sufficient responsibility of management and legitimate consistence.
Other than that, legislatures, exchange union contacts, and money related foundations are
considered as the external system of Sport Direct international (Correspondence management,
2007). Suggesting a remote strolled wacky talky can be conveyed by the management to keep up
associated correspondence process.
Leader’s role
The part of leaders is one of the basic variables for each association to meet its sought objectives
and targets. On the other hand, there are different sorts of leadership styles have been clarified in
many reviews, for example, transformational, dictatorial and majority rule leadership styles.
Besides that, the leader needs to take after the transformational leadership because of this
leadership display, the leaders of Sport Direct international can be more talented and productive
to analyze day by day operational exercises performed by the employees. Besides that, with the
assistance of this strategy, every stakeholder will be associated with each other through a remote
correspondence framework.
are two sorts of corporate governance distinguished, for example, internal and external system.
On the other hand, in the segment of the internal component, every single process and exercises
are controlled, and influential move will be made if any argument happens. With a specific end
goal to meet coveted objectives and aims, the management of Sport Direct international needs to
actualize an interesting strategy to enhance the relational abilities. Additionally, internal
component incorporates plane operations, performance estimation frameworks, mistake of
management, and division of policy and control development. On the other hand, the external
apparatuses incorporate sufficient responsibility of management and legitimate consistence.
Other than that, legislatures, exchange union contacts, and money related foundations are
considered as the external system of Sport Direct international (Correspondence management,
2007). Suggesting a remote strolled wacky talky can be conveyed by the management to keep up
associated correspondence process.
Leader’s role
The part of leaders is one of the basic variables for each association to meet its sought objectives
and targets. On the other hand, there are different sorts of leadership styles have been clarified in
many reviews, for example, transformational, dictatorial and majority rule leadership styles.
Besides that, the leader needs to take after the transformational leadership because of this
leadership display, the leaders of Sport Direct international can be more talented and productive
to analyze day by day operational exercises performed by the employees. Besides that, with the
assistance of this strategy, every stakeholder will be associated with each other through a remote
correspondence framework.
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Corporate social responsibilities
Every association needs to keep up the corporate social responsibility to build the brand esteem
and additionally a notoriety of the association (Douglas, Lien and McKim, 2013). On the other
hand, the management of Sport Direct international should be more effective to give average and
moral support of their customers. Similarly, Sport Direct international should obey managerial
approaches to raise their business in a legitimate and moral way. Be that as it may, many
organizations closed because of poor CSR from the retail business, however Sport Direct
international should not repeat this occurrence later on. Apart from that, Social responsibility is a
term that is utilized to clarify the arrangement, either composed or verbal, that an enterprise is
required to achieve in its business surroundings (Haerens and Zott, 2009). In addition, Social
Responsibility and Good Governance are utilized reciprocally worldwide by people and
partnerships to demonstrate their relationship with the exercises did for the advancement of the
general public. Although, the social responsibility is depicted as a moral or ideological
hypothesis in which a substance that can be an individual or an association has a responsibility of
following up in the interest of the overall community. Along with this part, active governance is
characterized as the total arrangement of standards or principles that must be produced with the
progression of time for meeting new difficulties in different ranges, for example, quality,
business, notoriety, hazard, fidelity, responsibility and back. Additionally, there are different
levels of social responsibilities that must be upheld by the associations, for example, moral,
legitimate, optional and monetary. Thus, there is an enormous scope of inequity in the parts of
different substances in UK as they have a tendency to satisfy their own certain responsibilities
which are set by the UK government, for example, social liberties of the nationals, give human
rights to the employees, offer real and bona fide items and administrations to the clients. As well
Every association needs to keep up the corporate social responsibility to build the brand esteem
and additionally a notoriety of the association (Douglas, Lien and McKim, 2013). On the other
hand, the management of Sport Direct international should be more effective to give average and
moral support of their customers. Similarly, Sport Direct international should obey managerial
approaches to raise their business in a legitimate and moral way. Be that as it may, many
organizations closed because of poor CSR from the retail business, however Sport Direct
international should not repeat this occurrence later on. Apart from that, Social responsibility is a
term that is utilized to clarify the arrangement, either composed or verbal, that an enterprise is
required to achieve in its business surroundings (Haerens and Zott, 2009). In addition, Social
Responsibility and Good Governance are utilized reciprocally worldwide by people and
partnerships to demonstrate their relationship with the exercises did for the advancement of the
general public. Although, the social responsibility is depicted as a moral or ideological
hypothesis in which a substance that can be an individual or an association has a responsibility of
following up in the interest of the overall community. Along with this part, active governance is
characterized as the total arrangement of standards or principles that must be produced with the
progression of time for meeting new difficulties in different ranges, for example, quality,
business, notoriety, hazard, fidelity, responsibility and back. Additionally, there are different
levels of social responsibilities that must be upheld by the associations, for example, moral,
legitimate, optional and monetary. Thus, there is an enormous scope of inequity in the parts of
different substances in UK as they have a tendency to satisfy their own certain responsibilities
which are set by the UK government, for example, social liberties of the nationals, give human
rights to the employees, offer real and bona fide items and administrations to the clients. As well

as, social responsibility is deliberated because there are certain limitations that are forced by the
UK government as laws and those zones fall in the classification of legitimate obligations. An
association needs to pledge that it doesn't misuse the privileges of its employees by advancing
equivalent business openings, offering them least wages as actualized by the laws, creating
sound and safe working conditions, helping them in turbulent circumstances (Correspondence
management, 2007). Since an organization working in UK is subject to give the financial data
about the business exercises with finish uprightness and it needs to satisfy its dedication of being
responsible to each choice made by the management group. On the other hand, in straightforward
words, governance is characterized as the process of strategic basic leadership in which cautious
investigation of accessible choices is done and ensure that the choice is realized correctly. By
and large, great governance in UK is seen to be a standardizing rule in authoritative law in which
the State is obliged to play out its parts in ways that will cultivate the estimations of
responsiveness, diminished shame and high efficiency for the common society. Along with this
part, the significance of good governance lies in the way that the administration and different
partners need to by and large increment the endeavors of enhancing the lives of residents (Alexis,
2005).
Corporate governance in UK
Corporate governance is a series of mechanism that controlled by the governments of countries.
Corporate governance allows outsider investors to cooperate with the internal management of an
organization. The corporate governance has attracted the attention since 1980 especially after
Cadbury Committee had issued the code of corporate governance. Some key legal framework of
corporate governance has paid attention by almost all the business in the world (Monks and
Minow, 2004).
UK government as laws and those zones fall in the classification of legitimate obligations. An
association needs to pledge that it doesn't misuse the privileges of its employees by advancing
equivalent business openings, offering them least wages as actualized by the laws, creating
sound and safe working conditions, helping them in turbulent circumstances (Correspondence
management, 2007). Since an organization working in UK is subject to give the financial data
about the business exercises with finish uprightness and it needs to satisfy its dedication of being
responsible to each choice made by the management group. On the other hand, in straightforward
words, governance is characterized as the process of strategic basic leadership in which cautious
investigation of accessible choices is done and ensure that the choice is realized correctly. By
and large, great governance in UK is seen to be a standardizing rule in authoritative law in which
the State is obliged to play out its parts in ways that will cultivate the estimations of
responsiveness, diminished shame and high efficiency for the common society. Along with this
part, the significance of good governance lies in the way that the administration and different
partners need to by and large increment the endeavors of enhancing the lives of residents (Alexis,
2005).
Corporate governance in UK
Corporate governance is a series of mechanism that controlled by the governments of countries.
Corporate governance allows outsider investors to cooperate with the internal management of an
organization. The corporate governance has attracted the attention since 1980 especially after
Cadbury Committee had issued the code of corporate governance. Some key legal framework of
corporate governance has paid attention by almost all the business in the world (Monks and
Minow, 2004).

Legal framework for corporate governance
There are many frameworks of corporate governance. Depending on the frameworks some key
aspects have been introduced here to make proper dimension for Sports Direct to work according
to the corporate governance. Participation at the meeting is very important. In this way, the
legislative framework of participation is discussed below:
There are different aspect of participation framework. These are divided among stakeholders
participation, a participation of board of directors, the alternate direction of other members and
so on (Monks and Minow, 2004).
Stakeholders are the most important participants in any meeting. Stakeholders have a right to
vote for any discussion and meeting topic. However, those who have no right to vote at the
meeting they should also include themselves in the meeting to make a recommendation for the
raised threat or topic. In this way, the agenda can achieve better performance. If the participation
doesn't meet the participation, the article of agenda may infect according to the laws and
regulations. According to the legislative framework, the stakeholders are entitled to attend the
general meeting. In this way, associations are required to invite certain numbers of stakeholders
for the meetings and agenda.
On the other hand, the board members and directors are required for and stakeholders meeting to
make it successful. Moreover, the audit boards of the company and the general supervisors of
Sports Direct should present in the meeting of general stakeholders. The company's general
supervisor auditors are bound to attend the annual general meetings of the company along with
the stakeholders. Depending on that involvement of general attendants are subject to
There are many frameworks of corporate governance. Depending on the frameworks some key
aspects have been introduced here to make proper dimension for Sports Direct to work according
to the corporate governance. Participation at the meeting is very important. In this way, the
legislative framework of participation is discussed below:
There are different aspect of participation framework. These are divided among stakeholders
participation, a participation of board of directors, the alternate direction of other members and
so on (Monks and Minow, 2004).
Stakeholders are the most important participants in any meeting. Stakeholders have a right to
vote for any discussion and meeting topic. However, those who have no right to vote at the
meeting they should also include themselves in the meeting to make a recommendation for the
raised threat or topic. In this way, the agenda can achieve better performance. If the participation
doesn't meet the participation, the article of agenda may infect according to the laws and
regulations. According to the legislative framework, the stakeholders are entitled to attend the
general meeting. In this way, associations are required to invite certain numbers of stakeholders
for the meetings and agenda.
On the other hand, the board members and directors are required for and stakeholders meeting to
make it successful. Moreover, the audit boards of the company and the general supervisors of
Sports Direct should present in the meeting of general stakeholders. The company's general
supervisor auditors are bound to attend the annual general meetings of the company along with
the stakeholders. Depending on that involvement of general attendants are subject to
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authorization. This authorization depends on the chairman of the board of directors (Cameron,
2010).
Code of corporate governance in the UK, Irish and EU
The first code of governance control in the UK was first introduced in the year of 1992. The
main principles of the code is described below:
Every company should be lead with the best leadership to meet the corporate governance in the
organization. The leaders are collectively responsible for the long-term success of a company.
The corporate governance code has separated the responsibilities of leaders in the organization.
The board of directors of a company is responsible for the development of organization
(Cameron, 2010). As a result, the board of directors and the non-executive directors are
responsible for developing a proposal for a certain strategy.
On the other hand, the board should represent an understandable, fair and balanced assessment of
company's prospect and position. Even, the board is liable to determine the level of principle
risks that the company is going to take for further development. On the other hand, the board of
directors is responsible for presenting a transparent and formal argument for understanding how
the corporate reporting is applied in the organization.
Lesson from the case
corporate governance is a kind of sets of policies which helps or influence in the manner by
which an organization or a specific company is managed, controlled, governed and operated by
the effective management system. Talking about the significant stakeholders of the organization
who are controlled by the corporate governance such as shareholders, management, board of
directors and mother stakeholders includes customers, employees, suppliers, regulars, and the
2010).
Code of corporate governance in the UK, Irish and EU
The first code of governance control in the UK was first introduced in the year of 1992. The
main principles of the code is described below:
Every company should be lead with the best leadership to meet the corporate governance in the
organization. The leaders are collectively responsible for the long-term success of a company.
The corporate governance code has separated the responsibilities of leaders in the organization.
The board of directors of a company is responsible for the development of organization
(Cameron, 2010). As a result, the board of directors and the non-executive directors are
responsible for developing a proposal for a certain strategy.
On the other hand, the board should represent an understandable, fair and balanced assessment of
company's prospect and position. Even, the board is liable to determine the level of principle
risks that the company is going to take for further development. On the other hand, the board of
directors is responsible for presenting a transparent and formal argument for understanding how
the corporate reporting is applied in the organization.
Lesson from the case
corporate governance is a kind of sets of policies which helps or influence in the manner by
which an organization or a specific company is managed, controlled, governed and operated by
the effective management system. Talking about the significant stakeholders of the organization
who are controlled by the corporate governance such as shareholders, management, board of
directors and mother stakeholders includes customers, employees, suppliers, regulars, and the

community at large in the UK(Sisk, 2009). On the other hand, corporate governance is a
multifaceted sets of policies which ensure the accountability of the certain individuals with the
help of mechanisms that influence to reduce the problems of the principal integral problems of
the organizations. According to many significant studies, the corporate governance creates an
impact on the economic efficiency as well as a strong emphasis on stakeholder’s welfare. As per
indicated by recent report, good corporate governance includes both hard and soft elements in
order to measure the performance of the organization(Hirschey, John and Makhija, 2003).
Besides that, the hard element of the corporate governance includes full protection of the
stakeholders, responsiveness, transparency, consensus oriented, effectiveness and efficiency,
equity and inclusiveness, participation and accountability. On the other hand, the soft elements of
the corporate governance are designed to facilitate an exchange of opinions and information such
as regular discussions among central managers of Sports Direct International for international
settlement.
Corporate governance depends on some key personnel within the organization and also outside
of the organization (guptil, 2003). The importance of this personnel divided into two parts. The
parts are described below:
External:
Stakeholders: Stakeholders are taking control at the general meetings of the company. On the
other hand, they are responsible for placing their opinion in the meeting. The opinion can lead
the organization to a progressive way. However, it is also noticed that in many situations they
vote for the selection of attendances which are willing to participate in the general meeting.
Depending on the activities of stakeholders, the corporate governance bodies may change their
working process (McLean and Mason, 2003).
multifaceted sets of policies which ensure the accountability of the certain individuals with the
help of mechanisms that influence to reduce the problems of the principal integral problems of
the organizations. According to many significant studies, the corporate governance creates an
impact on the economic efficiency as well as a strong emphasis on stakeholder’s welfare. As per
indicated by recent report, good corporate governance includes both hard and soft elements in
order to measure the performance of the organization(Hirschey, John and Makhija, 2003).
Besides that, the hard element of the corporate governance includes full protection of the
stakeholders, responsiveness, transparency, consensus oriented, effectiveness and efficiency,
equity and inclusiveness, participation and accountability. On the other hand, the soft elements of
the corporate governance are designed to facilitate an exchange of opinions and information such
as regular discussions among central managers of Sports Direct International for international
settlement.
Corporate governance depends on some key personnel within the organization and also outside
of the organization (guptil, 2003). The importance of this personnel divided into two parts. The
parts are described below:
External:
Stakeholders: Stakeholders are taking control at the general meetings of the company. On the
other hand, they are responsible for placing their opinion in the meeting. The opinion can lead
the organization to a progressive way. However, it is also noticed that in many situations they
vote for the selection of attendances which are willing to participate in the general meeting.
Depending on the activities of stakeholders, the corporate governance bodies may change their
working process (McLean and Mason, 2003).

Government: government plays a significant role in making the policies for corporate
governance. The employee acts and the remuneration act are one of the great instances of the
impact. According to the case study, Sports Direct has a negative feedback on their employee
policies. They have to maintain the governmental policies of remuneration to meet the legislative
rules (guptil, 2003).
Internal:
Board of Directors: board of directors is the most effective players in the corporate governance.
They have a right to choose members for some agenda and meetings. They are also liable to vote
and implement some key agendas for the development of organization (Hirschey, John and
Makhija, 2005). They allow the employees and stakeholders to participate in some critical
conditions. Depending on that it is not wrong to say, they are the main bodies of corporate
governance.
Employees: Employees have some certain rights in the organization. They are liable to
participate in meeting the corporate governing agendas. Their effective control on the
organizational goals and meeting them are very important. According to the research, it is
noticed that the relationship between management and employees is undoubtedly important. It is
impossible to understand the firm's objective without an involvement of employees in the
corporate governance. Employee participation in the meetings or board of directors can portray
the treatment of organization towards the employees.
According to the case study, it is visible that the employees are forced to work though they are
ill. Otherwise, they are canceling the contract. However, in the remuneration policies in EU, the
remuneration policy should focus on the employee performance. In the law, the remuneration
governance. The employee acts and the remuneration act are one of the great instances of the
impact. According to the case study, Sports Direct has a negative feedback on their employee
policies. They have to maintain the governmental policies of remuneration to meet the legislative
rules (guptil, 2003).
Internal:
Board of Directors: board of directors is the most effective players in the corporate governance.
They have a right to choose members for some agenda and meetings. They are also liable to vote
and implement some key agendas for the development of organization (Hirschey, John and
Makhija, 2005). They allow the employees and stakeholders to participate in some critical
conditions. Depending on that it is not wrong to say, they are the main bodies of corporate
governance.
Employees: Employees have some certain rights in the organization. They are liable to
participate in meeting the corporate governing agendas. Their effective control on the
organizational goals and meeting them are very important. According to the research, it is
noticed that the relationship between management and employees is undoubtedly important. It is
impossible to understand the firm's objective without an involvement of employees in the
corporate governance. Employee participation in the meetings or board of directors can portray
the treatment of organization towards the employees.
According to the case study, it is visible that the employees are forced to work though they are
ill. Otherwise, they are canceling the contract. However, in the remuneration policies in EU, the
remuneration policy should focus on the employee performance. In the law, the remuneration
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should be based on the employee's performance. This policy can provide sustainability to the
employees. Another constrain the company should forecast their remuneration policies. In this
way, the board of directors should take control of the policies. Remuneration committee should
involve their activities in fixing the policies for employees. Remuneration depends on the
stakeholders' influence.
Investing within the firm
Investing in a certain company depends on their activities in the market and within the
organization. However, the company is not performing well in the recent market. Even, they
didn’t pay to their suppliers for the products that they have taken from them. With the certain
disaster in the organization, no suppliers are interested to incest in the organization. The
employee behavior and the management process of satisfying the employees is not so good.
Thus, many employees have left the company and many allegations have been bought on the
Sports Direct on meeting the customer needs. The price discount is not maintained in every
stores. Thus, if I have to invest then, I have to look after all the situations that they are facing
thoroughly. By investigating the overall corporate governance process within the organization
the investment will be made.
employees. Another constrain the company should forecast their remuneration policies. In this
way, the board of directors should take control of the policies. Remuneration committee should
involve their activities in fixing the policies for employees. Remuneration depends on the
stakeholders' influence.
Investing within the firm
Investing in a certain company depends on their activities in the market and within the
organization. However, the company is not performing well in the recent market. Even, they
didn’t pay to their suppliers for the products that they have taken from them. With the certain
disaster in the organization, no suppliers are interested to incest in the organization. The
employee behavior and the management process of satisfying the employees is not so good.
Thus, many employees have left the company and many allegations have been bought on the
Sports Direct on meeting the customer needs. The price discount is not maintained in every
stores. Thus, if I have to invest then, I have to look after all the situations that they are facing
thoroughly. By investigating the overall corporate governance process within the organization
the investment will be made.

Conclusion
In this paper, the scope of the corporate governance including soft and hard element is discussed and
explained through various types of models and theories. Besides that, the theoretical framework with
stakeholder approach is explained with proper arguments and evidence. On the other ha d, the legal
and regulatory aspects of the corporate governance are also evaluated in this report. Apart from that,
the developments of codes of corporate governance practices and reports are also discussed in this
paper. Moreover, with the help of various factors, the relationship between corporate social
responsibility and corporate governance is also explained in this report. In addition, this report effective
express and reflect the significance of the corporate governance in Sports Direct International through
establishing relation with stakeholders, risk management and ethical consideration of the organization.
In this paper, the scope of the corporate governance including soft and hard element is discussed and
explained through various types of models and theories. Besides that, the theoretical framework with
stakeholder approach is explained with proper arguments and evidence. On the other ha d, the legal
and regulatory aspects of the corporate governance are also evaluated in this report. Apart from that,
the developments of codes of corporate governance practices and reports are also discussed in this
paper. Moreover, with the help of various factors, the relationship between corporate social
responsibility and corporate governance is also explained in this report. In addition, this report effective
express and reflect the significance of the corporate governance in Sports Direct International through
establishing relation with stakeholders, risk management and ethical consideration of the organization.

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