BACC2003 Business and Corporations Law: Consumer Law Report
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This report on BACC2003 Business and Corporations Law delves into Australian consumer law, emphasizing the responsibilities of corporations to consumers. It examines the legal framework, including the Australian Consumer Law, and explores the ethical dimensions of business practices. The report contrasts legal requirements with ethical standards, highlighting the importance of building consumer trust. It presents case studies, such as the Marine Hose Cartel, construction cover pricing in Queensland, and the International Air Cargo cartel, to illustrate breaches of consumer law and their consequences. The analysis covers topics like product safety, accurate descriptions, warranties, and charges. The conclusion underscores the significance of consumer protection and ethical conduct in business operations. The report utilizes various sources to support its findings and recommendations.

BACC2003 Business
and Corporations Law
and Corporations Law
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
Consumer law, Australia.............................................................................................................4
What responsibility do corporations have to provide consumers with the risks associated with
their products? ............................................................................................................................5
Difference between what is legally and ethically required ?......................................................6
Case studies.................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
Consumer law, Australia.............................................................................................................4
What responsibility do corporations have to provide consumers with the risks associated with
their products? ............................................................................................................................5
Difference between what is legally and ethically required ?......................................................6
Case studies.................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

Introduction
Building organizational relationships with customers should be based on trust. Customer trust is
trust that maximizes the customer's benefit and keeps strong promises. Trust between customers
and an organization fundamentally contributes to positive outcomes for the organization, such as
trustworthiness towards the organization, message retention, item decisions, purchase objective,
action and overall market performance. Therefore, seeing it as a desirable customer organization
is more crucial than ever as a recent reminder and organizations should focus on the product to
build such trust (Howells and Ramsay, 2018). Despite the brand's numerous trust tests, most of
which are zero, as well as trust results (e.g., reliability and buybacks) with respect to its brands,
the topic of what builds trust in terms of customers is the purchase still largely unanswered.
Building organizational relationships with customers should be based on trust. Customer trust is
trust that maximizes the customer's benefit and keeps strong promises. Trust between customers
and an organization fundamentally contributes to positive outcomes for the organization, such as
trustworthiness towards the organization, message retention, item decisions, purchase objective,
action and overall market performance. Therefore, seeing it as a desirable customer organization
is more crucial than ever as a recent reminder and organizations should focus on the product to
build such trust (Howells and Ramsay, 2018). Despite the brand's numerous trust tests, most of
which are zero, as well as trust results (e.g., reliability and buybacks) with respect to its brands,
the topic of what builds trust in terms of customers is the purchase still largely unanswered.
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MAIN BODY
Consumer law, Australia
The Australian Consumer Law mainly deal with the national unfair terms of contract
which covers the standard form for consumer and business contracts. it guarantees The rights to
consumers when they are purchasing the goods and services and provide penalties for breaking
the law and also provides the redress options for the consumer.
The relationship between customers and organizations affects not only the direct activity of the
organization, but also the abstract assessment of the buyer on how the organization behaves in
situations where the tasks to be simple. Organizations with public social responsibilities are in a
unique position. They do not simply ask customers to assume that the items will be satisfactory
or that they think profits or grievances will be resolved in a reasonable manner. Socially capable
organizations require buyers to trust both in direct communication and their unrecognized goals
to be proactive in a socially trustworthy manner. While many customers see corporate personal
responsibility as influencing corporate decisions regarding their CSR activities, the review
concludes by suggesting that customer feedback is essential. -Understand the secrets behind the
CSR strategy. There is usually no incentive for simplicity, which is the basis of CSR, for some
organizations including natural companies, as this simplicity has revealed the frustration of CSR
from time to time (Yau, 2019).
This study focuses on a company’s work to be straightforward and valid, particularly in
the move toward work conditions, spying issues, and related exercises to formulate, create, or
implement measures. The creator suggests that CSR activities identified by overseas activities,
restricting children's work in particular and workshops used, and common freedom support, will
achieve the maximum greater customer loyalty identified by CSR, rather than the lowest levels
of satisfaction achieved by their efforts toward the local support area.
Social responsibility
Various tests suggest that buyers may be able to effectively support social intelligence groups.
The expert found that CSR efforts influence the market estimate of interconnected companies by
Consumer law, Australia
The Australian Consumer Law mainly deal with the national unfair terms of contract
which covers the standard form for consumer and business contracts. it guarantees The rights to
consumers when they are purchasing the goods and services and provide penalties for breaking
the law and also provides the redress options for the consumer.
The relationship between customers and organizations affects not only the direct activity of the
organization, but also the abstract assessment of the buyer on how the organization behaves in
situations where the tasks to be simple. Organizations with public social responsibilities are in a
unique position. They do not simply ask customers to assume that the items will be satisfactory
or that they think profits or grievances will be resolved in a reasonable manner. Socially capable
organizations require buyers to trust both in direct communication and their unrecognized goals
to be proactive in a socially trustworthy manner. While many customers see corporate personal
responsibility as influencing corporate decisions regarding their CSR activities, the review
concludes by suggesting that customer feedback is essential. -Understand the secrets behind the
CSR strategy. There is usually no incentive for simplicity, which is the basis of CSR, for some
organizations including natural companies, as this simplicity has revealed the frustration of CSR
from time to time (Yau, 2019).
This study focuses on a company’s work to be straightforward and valid, particularly in
the move toward work conditions, spying issues, and related exercises to formulate, create, or
implement measures. The creator suggests that CSR activities identified by overseas activities,
restricting children's work in particular and workshops used, and common freedom support, will
achieve the maximum greater customer loyalty identified by CSR, rather than the lowest levels
of satisfaction achieved by their efforts toward the local support area.
Social responsibility
Various tests suggest that buyers may be able to effectively support social intelligence groups.
The expert found that CSR efforts influence the market estimate of interconnected companies by
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consumer loyalty. This shows that the impact of consumer sentiments on corporate social
responsibility should not be considered in isolation from general consumer perceptions of the
organization.
Trust has been established as a key indicator for promoting and celebrating positive
outcomes such as divinity, customer service, and purchase intent. The analyst found that trust,
the main indicators of trustworthiness, is accompanied by emotion. An important result of trust
in organizations is that it builds trust, which can lead to customer trust. The study of the
relationship between customer trust and performance found that trust is a unique driver for
maintaining the future and should be monitored regardless of customer performance. The
scientist found that consumer confidence in a brand, what they perceived as a physical skill, had
a greater impact on what they thought they were buying from the brand.
Estimating perspectives or summary characteristics can be helpful in understanding the
moral analysis of the client's brain, but when considering overt behavior, myopic minds may not
be as useful as clear behavioral perspectives. For example, in their initial work on
conceptualizing and estimating natural anxiety, additional experts point out that not all studies on
the link between ecological perspectives and behavior have made accurate measurements. At the
same level of behavioral specificity, something it has has proved important by subsequent
experiments (Giancaspro and Richards, 2021).
What responsibility do corporations have to provide consumers with the risks associated with
their products?
The corporation has to create a major role as in order to maintain the safety of the
consumers. In Australian consumer court (ACC) there has been made various laws and the rules
through which the rights and the responsibilities of the consumers can there by be protected they
are as follows: Good must be safe- All the goods that are being made and the setted out should be safer
for use and have to be acceptable. As that means all the products should be made without
fault and there should not be any issue and the areas through which the work or the
quality can be degraded.
responsibility should not be considered in isolation from general consumer perceptions of the
organization.
Trust has been established as a key indicator for promoting and celebrating positive
outcomes such as divinity, customer service, and purchase intent. The analyst found that trust,
the main indicators of trustworthiness, is accompanied by emotion. An important result of trust
in organizations is that it builds trust, which can lead to customer trust. The study of the
relationship between customer trust and performance found that trust is a unique driver for
maintaining the future and should be monitored regardless of customer performance. The
scientist found that consumer confidence in a brand, what they perceived as a physical skill, had
a greater impact on what they thought they were buying from the brand.
Estimating perspectives or summary characteristics can be helpful in understanding the
moral analysis of the client's brain, but when considering overt behavior, myopic minds may not
be as useful as clear behavioral perspectives. For example, in their initial work on
conceptualizing and estimating natural anxiety, additional experts point out that not all studies on
the link between ecological perspectives and behavior have made accurate measurements. At the
same level of behavioral specificity, something it has has proved important by subsequent
experiments (Giancaspro and Richards, 2021).
What responsibility do corporations have to provide consumers with the risks associated with
their products?
The corporation has to create a major role as in order to maintain the safety of the
consumers. In Australian consumer court (ACC) there has been made various laws and the rules
through which the rights and the responsibilities of the consumers can there by be protected they
are as follows: Good must be safe- All the goods that are being made and the setted out should be safer
for use and have to be acceptable. As that means all the products should be made without
fault and there should not be any issue and the areas through which the work or the
quality can be degraded.

Accurately described- All the goods that are being made and the products which are
supplied to the consumers should be proper;y framed and there has to be given all the
correct and the detailed description of that product. Warranty- The product must be sold out to the customers with all the warranty and the
dates are to be mentioned for manufacturing and with attach a proper billing and the
warranty has to be given to all the person who are taking that. As in all the cases there has
been laid that such cases are there by merely a bit more important and the warranty has to
be issued. Facilities- For all the spare parts the customers should there by get the facilitates as in
order to maintain the product at a proper cost and there has to be given all the techniques
and the areas if working in the moderate way. The consumers thereby implicates to
maintain the regular function and framework.
Charges- All the charges which are being made should be appropriate there has not to be
given any hidden or any security charges for all the products that are being laid in it. As it
is further more important that no hidden security has to be imposed to any person over
there and there is to be maintained all the areas of working and making the region clear
(Milnes, 2019).
Difference between what is legally and ethically required ?
Legal standards are mainly based on the laws which are in written form while if there is
discussion about the ethical standards, these are based on wrongs and human rights. It can be
said that something may be legal but it cannot be ethical but what is ethical, will majorly be
legal. Laws are basically the minimum standards of the behavior which the seller is bound to
follow and on other side, ethics set the maximum standard which guide in what is wrong and
what is right. While selling any product or service, the seller is required to comply with both
legal and ethical aspects as laws are bound to be followed but ethics help in setting the goodwill
of company as it specifies what is right and what is wrong (Chew, 2019).
Case studies
1. Marine Hose Cartel
supplied to the consumers should be proper;y framed and there has to be given all the
correct and the detailed description of that product. Warranty- The product must be sold out to the customers with all the warranty and the
dates are to be mentioned for manufacturing and with attach a proper billing and the
warranty has to be given to all the person who are taking that. As in all the cases there has
been laid that such cases are there by merely a bit more important and the warranty has to
be issued. Facilities- For all the spare parts the customers should there by get the facilitates as in
order to maintain the product at a proper cost and there has to be given all the techniques
and the areas if working in the moderate way. The consumers thereby implicates to
maintain the regular function and framework.
Charges- All the charges which are being made should be appropriate there has not to be
given any hidden or any security charges for all the products that are being laid in it. As it
is further more important that no hidden security has to be imposed to any person over
there and there is to be maintained all the areas of working and making the region clear
(Milnes, 2019).
Difference between what is legally and ethically required ?
Legal standards are mainly based on the laws which are in written form while if there is
discussion about the ethical standards, these are based on wrongs and human rights. It can be
said that something may be legal but it cannot be ethical but what is ethical, will majorly be
legal. Laws are basically the minimum standards of the behavior which the seller is bound to
follow and on other side, ethics set the maximum standard which guide in what is wrong and
what is right. While selling any product or service, the seller is required to comply with both
legal and ethical aspects as laws are bound to be followed but ethics help in setting the goodwill
of company as it specifies what is right and what is wrong (Chew, 2019).
Case studies
1. Marine Hose Cartel
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This case is mainly dealt with the bid rigging, price fixing and market sharing by four
foreign organizations who have supplied the rubber hosing in order to transfer the gas and oil
from the storage and production facilities to the offshore tankers. These four companies are
namely, Bridgestone Corporation, Dunlop Oil & Marine, Parker ITR and Trelleborg Industrie
SAS who are appointed members of the committee which allocate jobs and coordinate the
quoting and bidding of the jobs. The cartel used the codes and tactics in order to conceal its
activities. The cartel is international and all key meetings were mainly held overseas. The case
w4ent in Australian market which was based on cartel which gives effect agreement which
followed the enforcement action which is taken by the competition authorities in UK, USA,
Japan and Europe at global level. The court of Australia made the order which restrained the
parties from repeating the conduct and also imposed the penalties (Bouvier and D’Ambrosio,
2020).
2. Construction cover pricing in Queensland
In the year 2004 and year 2007, three companies of construction were engaged in the
cover pricing when they were bidding on government projects. The companies mislead the client
by signing the agreement which stated that they have not colluded with the competitors in any
bidding process.
Cover pricing is referred to as the practice which have developed in building industry.
According to ACCC it is used in such situation where the company do not have resources,
inclination or time for preparing the accurate tender but wants to be seen as tendering for the
project.
The cover pricing involved the discussion between two suppliers in the process of tender.
The A company does not win the contract for the reasons identified so B company provided them
with cover price. Bot understood that the cover price shall be higher than the tender price of B
company and once it is received by B company then A company shall submit its tender which is
above the cover price. The client was of the impression that both are tendering competitively but
exchange of the cover price ensured the client that A company will be tenderer successfully as its
tender price will be high. The Federal court of Australia held that the cover price is illegal
conduct of price controlling and making such statement is betrayal of trust. So it held all the
three companies with penalty of $1.3 million (Hayward, 2018).
foreign organizations who have supplied the rubber hosing in order to transfer the gas and oil
from the storage and production facilities to the offshore tankers. These four companies are
namely, Bridgestone Corporation, Dunlop Oil & Marine, Parker ITR and Trelleborg Industrie
SAS who are appointed members of the committee which allocate jobs and coordinate the
quoting and bidding of the jobs. The cartel used the codes and tactics in order to conceal its
activities. The cartel is international and all key meetings were mainly held overseas. The case
w4ent in Australian market which was based on cartel which gives effect agreement which
followed the enforcement action which is taken by the competition authorities in UK, USA,
Japan and Europe at global level. The court of Australia made the order which restrained the
parties from repeating the conduct and also imposed the penalties (Bouvier and D’Ambrosio,
2020).
2. Construction cover pricing in Queensland
In the year 2004 and year 2007, three companies of construction were engaged in the
cover pricing when they were bidding on government projects. The companies mislead the client
by signing the agreement which stated that they have not colluded with the competitors in any
bidding process.
Cover pricing is referred to as the practice which have developed in building industry.
According to ACCC it is used in such situation where the company do not have resources,
inclination or time for preparing the accurate tender but wants to be seen as tendering for the
project.
The cover pricing involved the discussion between two suppliers in the process of tender.
The A company does not win the contract for the reasons identified so B company provided them
with cover price. Bot understood that the cover price shall be higher than the tender price of B
company and once it is received by B company then A company shall submit its tender which is
above the cover price. The client was of the impression that both are tendering competitively but
exchange of the cover price ensured the client that A company will be tenderer successfully as its
tender price will be high. The Federal court of Australia held that the cover price is illegal
conduct of price controlling and making such statement is betrayal of trust. So it held all the
three companies with penalty of $1.3 million (Hayward, 2018).
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3. International Air Cargo cartel
There is being seen that in June 2006, there were various competition authorities who had
went to raid the airlines offices as in order to investigate as there has been heard that so many of
the airlines are setting there fuel and the security charges from the persons as ion order of which
has attained to make the charges and the rates of the airlines a bit higher then expected.
While in checking there has been seen that various airlines has exceeded the pricing and
the competitive authorities there by has made them to face a heavy penalty so as to maintain and
impose all the requisition. This implicates that all the nature and the work through which they are
taking the higher amount is not a appropriate method and there has been seen that through all
such methods various person and the areas through which the ACC laws have generally being
affected as it affected the corporation of the consumer relation. Through such methods and the
mediums the major course and the attempt were being made and framed that all the airlines were
not being allowed top practice such events. The Qantas and all the other airlines has paid several
penalties. And the US has maintained the nature and the ways through which they can attain all
the groups and the working of the company through the medium, of corporation and the
consumers. ACC also kept a eye on the Australian air cargo market and through which they
imposed heavy penalty on such unlawful and unequivocal practices.
The ACC has created a rule that no person will there by be allowed to frame or attain any
charge or any obligation through which they may there by being affected in all the means and
through all such mediums no extra or the security charges have to be taken by any person or any
corporation. And such kind of records there by have to be maintained and there should be
clarified to cover put the nature and the work in proper manner (Bianchi, 2018).
There is being seen that in June 2006, there were various competition authorities who had
went to raid the airlines offices as in order to investigate as there has been heard that so many of
the airlines are setting there fuel and the security charges from the persons as ion order of which
has attained to make the charges and the rates of the airlines a bit higher then expected.
While in checking there has been seen that various airlines has exceeded the pricing and
the competitive authorities there by has made them to face a heavy penalty so as to maintain and
impose all the requisition. This implicates that all the nature and the work through which they are
taking the higher amount is not a appropriate method and there has been seen that through all
such methods various person and the areas through which the ACC laws have generally being
affected as it affected the corporation of the consumer relation. Through such methods and the
mediums the major course and the attempt were being made and framed that all the airlines were
not being allowed top practice such events. The Qantas and all the other airlines has paid several
penalties. And the US has maintained the nature and the ways through which they can attain all
the groups and the working of the company through the medium, of corporation and the
consumers. ACC also kept a eye on the Australian air cargo market and through which they
imposed heavy penalty on such unlawful and unequivocal practices.
The ACC has created a rule that no person will there by be allowed to frame or attain any
charge or any obligation through which they may there by being affected in all the means and
through all such mediums no extra or the security charges have to be taken by any person or any
corporation. And such kind of records there by have to be maintained and there should be
clarified to cover put the nature and the work in proper manner (Bianchi, 2018).

CONCLUSION
It is concluded from the above report that consumer is the one who is involved in making
the purchase of the offering and corporations are the seller. The Australia consumer law mainly
deals with the rights of consumers for their products or service they purchase. It is the
responsibility of seller to ensure that the goods provided to buyer are of fine quality and is not
damaged. The trust is the key factor when positive outcome is ensured for the product. The
company is under its corporate social responsibility to provide such offering to consumers which
do not affect the environment and social scenario. Further it is concluded that it is the
responsibility of seller to ensure that goods carry adequate description, offers warranty and is
safe to be used for consumers.
It is concluded from the above report that consumer is the one who is involved in making
the purchase of the offering and corporations are the seller. The Australia consumer law mainly
deals with the rights of consumers for their products or service they purchase. It is the
responsibility of seller to ensure that the goods provided to buyer are of fine quality and is not
damaged. The trust is the key factor when positive outcome is ensured for the product. The
company is under its corporate social responsibility to provide such offering to consumers which
do not affect the environment and social scenario. Further it is concluded that it is the
responsibility of seller to ensure that goods carry adequate description, offers warranty and is
safe to be used for consumers.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bianchi, L., 2018. Consumer law: Changes to Australian consumer law: Key benefits for
vulnerable consumers. LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal. (50). pp.71-73.
Bouvier, S. and D’Ambrosio, L., 2020. Alternative proteins and Australian consumer law. Food
Australia.
Chew, C.Y., 2019. Australia: Consumer and competition law-Penalty regime.
Giancaspro, M. and Richards, B., 2021. Consumer Law, Technology and Health Care: A Shift in
Focus, a Panacea or a Confounder?’. Technology and Health Care: A Shift in Focus, a
Panacea or a Confounder.
Hayward, B., 2018. E-books and other digital products: why Australia's consumer laws are
lacking. LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal. (44). pp.28-29.
Howells, G. and Ramsay, I. eds., 2018. Handbook of research on international consumer law.
Edward Elgar Publishing.
Milnes, M., 2019. Consumer law: ACCC gains momentum in its push for higher consumer law
penalties. LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal. (61). pp.84-85.
Yau, B., 2019. The creeping corporatisation of consumer guarantee remedial relief: Implications
of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v LG Electronics Australia Pty
Ltd on the Australian Consumer Law.
Books and Journals
Bianchi, L., 2018. Consumer law: Changes to Australian consumer law: Key benefits for
vulnerable consumers. LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal. (50). pp.71-73.
Bouvier, S. and D’Ambrosio, L., 2020. Alternative proteins and Australian consumer law. Food
Australia.
Chew, C.Y., 2019. Australia: Consumer and competition law-Penalty regime.
Giancaspro, M. and Richards, B., 2021. Consumer Law, Technology and Health Care: A Shift in
Focus, a Panacea or a Confounder?’. Technology and Health Care: A Shift in Focus, a
Panacea or a Confounder.
Hayward, B., 2018. E-books and other digital products: why Australia's consumer laws are
lacking. LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal. (44). pp.28-29.
Howells, G. and Ramsay, I. eds., 2018. Handbook of research on international consumer law.
Edward Elgar Publishing.
Milnes, M., 2019. Consumer law: ACCC gains momentum in its push for higher consumer law
penalties. LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal. (61). pp.84-85.
Yau, B., 2019. The creeping corporatisation of consumer guarantee remedial relief: Implications
of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v LG Electronics Australia Pty
Ltd on the Australian Consumer Law.
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