A Comprehensive Literature Review of Corporate Social Responsibility

This literature review examines five articles related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The first article explores CSR as a strategic advantage or necessity, using case studies of Norwegian firms. The second investigates the relationship between CSR and financial performance in emerging markets, specifically analyzing companies on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. The third studies the link between CSR and organizational effectiveness in Nigerian insurance companies. The fourth examines the effect of CSR on the performance of banking sector organizations in Kenya. Finally, the fifth article analyzes the relationship between CSR disclosure and organizational performance in Libyan companies. The review synthesizes these findings to provide a comprehensive overview of CSR's impact on various industries and economies.

Running head: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESONSIBILITY

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Table of Contents
Article 1...........................................................................................................................................2
Article 2...........................................................................................................................................2
Article 3...........................................................................................................................................3
Article 4...........................................................................................................................................3
Article 5...........................................................................................................................................4
References........................................................................................................................................6

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Article 1
Corporate Social Responsibility: A Strategic Advantage or a Strategic Necessity?
This article develops and draws the research related to the use and need of corporate social
responsibility by focusing on four main outcomes of it. These outcomes include strategic
necessity, strategic advantage, strategic disadvantages and temporary strategic advantages. The
author has described the same with the help of examining two Norwegian firms named as
StormWear and CoffeeHouse. This article is based on mixed methodology where the author has
collected from both sources primary as well as secondary. The author has used RBV method to
explain initiatives of CSR and employee’s performance.
Framework has been used along with literature available in this regard to suggest the CSR can
result into giving competitive advantage to an organization. This article argues that when CSR
initiatives taken by the firm proves beneficial to the employee’s performance, other firms and
organizations try to copy such initiatives. This makes such initiatives a necessity instead of
advantageous for the firms who are not willing to take such step to introduce new CSR
initiatives. This article also contributes that CSR activities are not the values that create
competitive advantages but these can also be resulted in making the relationship complex with
the leading values of the firm which in turn, tend to make competitive advantage in general
(Joyce and Brunsal 2011, 9-16).
Article 2
Investigating the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance
in emerging markets
This paper aims to find out the relationship between corporate social responsibility of a firm and
its financial performance. The author has used primary research method to conduct this study by
investigating 100 index companies on Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) by examining their CSR
values and financial performance indicators. The author has examined relationship from 2005 to
2007 with different measurement approaches and methods. For the purpose of data collection,
sampling methods has been used by considering the financial report of 40 companies. The author

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has also used secondary research methods to review the literature presented in this regard. On the
basis of such review, the author has conducted this study on the basis that there may be
relationship between form profitability, size, risk presented and CSR of an organization.
However, the findings of this article does not suggest any significant relationship between CSR
and firm’s financial performance and profitability. The findings of this article can be used to
enhance the knowledge about performance management by understanding the relationship
between CSR and financial performance in a developing country. This research is the very first
research which have been done on Turkish companies (Guler, Aybars and Kutlu 2010, 229-254).
Article 3
Corporate social responsibility and organizational effectiveness of insurance companies in
Nigeria
This paper aims to present an empirical and theoretical relationship between some dimensions of
organizational effectiveness and corporate social responsibility. The study is based on the
insurance sector companies of Nigeria. Primary research was conducted by the author by using
survey and questionnaire methods. Data was collected from a field survey and by preparing
questionnaires in a structured manner. Responses and answers form the survey and
questionnaires were analyzed in a structured manner using Pearson product moment correlation
and descriptive statistics. The main findings of this study state that insurance companies are
involved in four forms of CSR initiatives named urban affairs, business ethics, environmental
affairs, and consumer affairs. This research can be used further to investigate that making an
investment is CSR initiatives would be beneficial in the insurance sector and its related sectors or
not.
This article also shows that insurance sector is still suffering from the unavailability of
information to access the developing need of society, lack of awareness, adverse economic
conditions and lack of highly qualified workforce, which can prevent the organizations to
adopt and implement CSR initiatives in an effective manner (Folake, Aduloju and Oke
2011, 156-167).
Article 4

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Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organisation Performance; Banking Industrykenya,
Kakamega County.
This article aims to investigate the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on the performance
of banking sector organizations. The author has conducted primary research by using a sampling
method to conduct the research on 70 corporate customers. Questionnaires were distributed
randomly among bank staff, management, customers and other stakeholders of the banking
industry. The internal consistency for measuring independent performance variable was found
out using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient method. This article concludes that the bank's
philanthropic responsibilities have a direct impact on its performance. The priority and
intervening government policy both had a substantial impact on organizational performance. The
author has recommended that banks are required to focus more on their ethics that how they treat
tier employees, stakeholders, and customers. The management of banking sector organizations is
also required to prioritize the CSR initiatives and activities in their organization to ensure that
human resources set aside to sponsor the CSR initiatives. The CSR can be cooperated as one of
the main functions by implementing the initiatives in an effective and serious manner.
Implementation of government policy can have a positive impact at the time of retaining and
appealing to the customers. The article suggests that government agencies are required to create
awareness among customers so that they can identify the bank giving importance to
environmental laws and regulation in form of their CSR (Okwemba et.al 2014, 37-51)
Article 5
An empirical study of the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and
organizational performance: evidence from Libya
The main objective of this paper is to identify the relationship between organizational
performance and corporate social responsibility disclosure, employee commitment and
reputation of the companies in the companies of Libya. The author has chosen Libyan economy
as it is one of the most important developing countries of the world as well as it is going through
a number of changes over a short period of time in terms of environmental, social and economic
changes. The data was collected through an empirical study on organizational performance and
CSRD in Libyan companies. Total 110 annual reports of 40 countries were analyzed by using

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content analysis. The findings indicate that CSRD has a positive relationship with the
performance and reputation of the organization as per the annual reports. However, there is no
appropriate relationship found between employee commitment level and level of CSRD. This
paper can be used to further investigate the accounting literature by providing evidences of the
research carried out on Libyan organizations. The author had an opinion that companies are
required to develop their CSRD activities to improve the level of employee commitment as well
as to improve the overall performance of the organization (Nagib, Kavanagh and Slaughter 2012,
69-82).

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References
Aras, Guler, Aslı Aybars, and Ozlem Kutlu. 2010. "investigating the relationship between
corporate social responsibility and financial performance in emerging markets."
Managing corporate performance 59, no. 3: 229-254.
Bayoud, Nagib Salem, Marie Kavanagh, and Geoff Slaughter. 2012. "An empirical study of the
relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and organizational
performance: evidence from Libya." International Journal of Management and
Marketing Research 5, no. 3: 69-82.
Falkenberg, Joyce, and Petter Brunsal. 2011. "Corporate Social Responsibility: A Strategic
Advantage or a Strategic Necessity?" Journal of Business Ethics 99 (February): 9-16.
Okwemba, Emily Mokeira, Mwalati Solomon Chitiavi, Robert Egessa, Musiega Douglas, and
Maniagi Gerald Musiega. 2014. "International Journal of Business and Management
Invention." Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organisation Performance;
Banking Industrykenya, Kakamega Country 3, no. 4 (April): 37-51.
Olowokudejo, Folake, S A Aduloju, and S A Oke. 2011. "Corporate social responsibility and
organizational effectiveness of insurance companies in Nigeria." The Journal of Risk
Finance 12, no. 3: 156-167.