This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), defining its importance and evolution in business practices. It explores the benefits of CSR, such as enhancing brand reputation and integrating sustainable development. The report uses Archie Carroll's pyramid to define the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities of a business organization. A case study of British Petroleum (BP) illustrates CSR initiatives, particularly in environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The report highlights BP's efforts in environmental sustenance, community development, and economic empowerment. It assesses BP's performance against Carroll's pyramid, identifying strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, the report explores the rationale behind businesses practicing CSR, including improved customer engagement and employee loyalty, along with the challenges of CSR implementation such as increased customer interest and employee behavior. The report concludes by emphasizing the role of CSR in improving brand image and retaining stakeholder loyalty. The report also includes references to relevant literature.