Literature Review: Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Models

This report presents a literature review on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), encompassing its definition, purpose, and significance within business models. The introduction defines literature review as the discussion of previously published research on a particular subject area, emphasizing summary and synthesis. The report focuses on CSR, highlighting its role in organizational accountability towards society, environment, and economy. It delves into the meaning, purpose, and role of literature reviews, explaining how they summarize and evaluate prior research to provide clarity and context. The report then reviews various perspectives on CSR, discussing its benefits such as improved brand image, employee loyalty, and cost savings. It also explores different authors' views on CSR, emphasizing its ethical and social dimensions. The conclusion reiterates the importance of literature reviews in identifying gaps and correlating past research with new ideas. Finally, it discusses how organizations are adopting CSR strategies to adapt to changing business environments and to influence employees. The report concludes that CSR involves organizations' continuous commitment to ethical behavior and contributing to economic development while improving the quality of life for staff, families, local communities, and society at large.

STUDY SKILLS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1.Meaning, purpose and role of literature review.......................................................................3
2.Literature review on the topic Corporate Social Responsibility..............................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFRENCES...................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Literature review comprises of discussing already published subject area, sometimes it
comprises for a particular period of time. It involves both summary and synthesis of the available
information. Summary is a recap of the information of different sources where as synthesis
involves reorganising of the available information. The report comprises of literature review on
corporate social responsibility (Alaraimi and et. al., 2014). CSR is enterprise model that helps
the organisation to be socially accountable. It is way by which company is can be conscious of
their impact which they are having on the society which includes environment, economy and
society.
1.Meaning, purpose and role of literature review
Literature review is basically summary of the previous researches on a particular . The
researcher surveys different scholarly articles books and other source that re applicable to a
particular area of research. The researcher review the information in order to enumerate, evaluate
and to provide clarity to the previous research that are being done by the earlier researchers
(Assiter, 2017). It comprises of acknowledging the work of the previous researchers and assure
that the reader is provided with valuable information that will be needed by them in further
research process. It creates a landscape for the readers by giving them a full understanding of
different developments have happened in the related field. The main purpose of writing a
literature review is to enlightening the researcher about the already established ideas established
on a topic. In order to link the knowledge of a given field the process involves three layers. First
layer consist of the primary studies which are being conducted and published by the researcher.
Second comprises with reviewing and summarizing and also offering new interpretations. Third
layer comprises with perceptions, conclusion and interpretations which are being shared
informally (Crowell and Kuhn, 2014). Literature review can be conducted in different form such
as Argumentative, historical and methodological researcher will adopt style as per the
requirement of the research. It helps in providing an handy guide to the particular topic. It
comprises of different task such as-
 Summarising the prior work done in the particular area of study.
 Developing a familiarity with the information and their interpretation for getting the
future direction (Foronda and et. al., 2014).

 Demonstrate learning outcome comprising of new ideas which evolved in the process.
The purpose of the literature review is to enlighten foundation of knowledge and to
interpret the previous work of the researcher in order to correlate their work with the research.
It's purpose can be further elaborated below-
 It comprises with identification of the area where prior scholarship have worked so that
duplication can be prevented and also credit can be provided to them for their
contribution in the particular filed (McGuire, 2015).
 It helps in determination of the gaps that exist in the prior research so that they can be
used to solve issues such as conflict and open ended question that have remained
unaddressed by the earlier researchers.
 It also defines that why the research needed to be conducted.
 It helps placing researcher own work within the context of existing literature which will
explain the need for conducting the current research.
 It provide an foundation of knowledge on a particular area of study.
 It identifies the relationship of works in relation with the its contribution to the area of
study and to other works as well.
Literature review is an process which comprises of what have been publicized on a
particular area or subject. It involves enlarging the knowledge about the topic and helps to gain
and demonstrate skills (Persky, Henry and Campbell, 2015). It plays an essential role in the
entire research procedure which can be elaborated below-
 Demonstrating role- It involves demonstrating that the researcher is well informed
scholar having expertise and knowledge in a particular field. It can be concluded by
analysing the overview of the current literature which is being provided by researcher.
 Identification role- It helps in identification of gap in the literature that have not been
addresses by the earlier scholars in their study. It also helps in development of ideas that
can be used in order to address these gaps (Rozakis, 2018).
 Synthesis role- By analysing the topic the researcher gets an insight about the trends,
issues and concepts which are related to the investigation topic.

2.Literature review on the topic Corporate Social Responsibility.
Corporate social responsibility can be studied as a integration of socially beneficial
programmes and practices that are being adopted by organisation's in their business model. This
concept suggest that it is organisation's responsibility to contribute towards the society, economy
and environment (van der Stel and Veenman, 2014). It is a wide concept that addressee different
subjects such as corporate governance , health and safety and human rights. It's implementation
differs from organisation to organisation and serves an an important factor for organisation
which cab be understood from the following points-
 Greater loyalty among employees- Treating employees in a fair manner is an part of the
corporate social responsibility. Organisation which provide high professional and moral
standard along with good jobs tents to create the higher level loyalty among their
workforce.
 Better brand image- Companies who showcase their commitment to various cause are
perceived as more philanthropic as compared to organisation who are not fulfilling their
corporate social responsibility. Consumer feel good to be associated with a brand that
help the community and will want to be more associated with such institution.
Organisation's can improve their brand image by various methods such as by monetary
donations, donation of product and service and voluntarism.
 Boost employee engagement- Employee tent to work for the organisation's that have an
good public image and enjoys constant media attention for all the positive reasons. If the
employee are happy about their association with the brand they will work with higher
level of motivation which will help the business to produce better output.
 Attract and retain investors- As investors are investing their money and time in the
organization they tent to worry about how their money will be used. When organisation
involves themselves in activities such as donation and volunteering they reflect that they
not only care for profits but also for other things such as their employee and society. Thus
they will be able to gain the confidence of investors with their strong sense of corporate
social responsibility.
 Cost saving- There are certain changes that have been taken by the organisation in order
to maintain sustainability in the environment for instance of using less packaging which
have not only helped the organisation in reducing cost but also helps them to fulfil their

duty toward environment. By adoption of less packaging organisations are able to save
cost which they can use in different other business areas for increasing their efficiency
(Wibrowski, Matthews and Kitsantas, 2017).
Literature review on corporate social responsibility-
According to Shafiq (2011) Corporates social responsibility of an organisation involves
involves various things such as improving quality of life, ethical business practice, increasing the
quality of life, voluntarisms, environmental protection, and transparency and taking
accountability of impact of it's activates effect on society as well as on environment. As the
world is growing and organisation needs to conduct certain activities in order to serve these
changes such as human rights which provide equal rights to every individuals that enables
equity in the workplace. As the rights have been provided to every individuals they tent to work
more efficiently towards achievement of overall organisational goals. According to Schwartz
(2011) Virtually explained that all the explanations of corporate social responsibility involves
businesses firms have obligated towards society beyond their economical obligation to
shareholder. It is duty of organisations to think beyond just earning profits and focussing on
fulfilment of their duty towards the society. As they need to account for their implication on the
environment and society. Through establishment of Corporate social programmes and activities
they will be able to reduce their impact and increase their brand image in the society.
According to Simpson and Taylor (2013) CSR is referred to as extra responsibility of
organisation to local and wider communication which is apart from it's core responsibility which
involves earning high profits. Organisation core focuses is on earning profit by producing
product and services and fulfilling customers needs and wants. Corporate social responsibility
serves as an add on to the already existing responsibilities of the business it involves businesses
to step up and conduct activities that can create an positive impact on local and wider
communities which involves current and potential customers and investors. As per Douglas and
Emily (2011) Business environment have emerged with time and in order to survive these
changes organisations have been forced to adopt various strategies. CSR is one of the strategy
that is being adopted by business organisations in their business model. In order to cope with
dynamic world and compete with competitors businesses organisation will use CSR activities so

that they can influence their employee and motivate them in order to work more efficiently (CSR
Definition 2013).
According to HernandeZ Murillo and Martinek (2009) Corporate social responsibility
action of a Organisation is aligned with interest of the firm. These activities assist an
organisation to earn higher potential benefits to both society and firm as well if they are taken
strategically and specifically. As corporate social responsibility programme help an organisation
to generate interest about it's product and services among the customers. As it creates an positive
image in the minds of customers it influence their purchasing patterns and works in the interest
of the organisation (Corporate Social Responsibility 2019). According to Horrigon (2010) There
is no general explanation of Corporate social responsibility which is because of the high level of
ambiguity and different controversies associated with the topic. As CSR is an complex process
and involves management team of organisation to plan the entire programme effectively so that
they can be implemented smoothly in the business processes.
According to World Business Council for Sustainable Development in Hopkins (2008)
CSR involves Organisations continuous commitment by behaving ethically and contributing to
the development of economy while also improving the quality of life of the staff members and
their families, local communities and society at large. It involves improving the quality of
workforce by treating the staff member in fair and square manner. It help in retaining and
attracting staff members and also facilitates equality in the workplace as the organisation is
treating every member in an fair manner. Through this the organisation is able to raise the
standard and also are able to work ethically in the workplace. According to Freeman and
Hasnaoui (2010) They examined the meaning of CSR from the vision of United Kingdom,
France and Canada. There enabled an looking for consensus of understanding and proposed
framework in order to examine the international adoption and practices of corporate social
responsibility using triple bottom line. They were not able to continue discussion because of the
differences between the backgrounds of the researchers. And also because of their incapability in
conceptualizing corporate social responsibility.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that literature review comprises of study of a
particular area or topic which a researcher chooses it also involves interpretation of the work of
the previous researcher that are to be correlated with the study in order to reach new ideas and

also to address the unaddressed issues that are not yet defined by previous researcher. Later part
of the report deals with the corporate social responsibility that an organisation adopt in order to
be ethical accountable towards society and surroundings as well. It also comprises of literature
review of corporate social responsibility which involves analysing the definition of it from the
point of view of different authors.

REFRENCES
Books and journals