Introduction to Counseling Report: Roles, Challenges, and NGO Analysis

This report examines the roles and challenges faced by counselors in both school and university settings, as well as the practices of an NGO counseling center. The report addresses key responsibilities of counselors, including assisting students with personal, academic, and mental health issues. It highlights challenges such as multicultural issues, mental health concerns, and home-related problems. The report also analyzes the counseling methods employed by NGOs, including interviews and counseling programs, and discusses ethical considerations such as confidentiality. References from various scholars have been used to support the arguments and findings in the report. The report aims to enhance the understanding of counseling practices and the obstacles counselors face in providing effective services.

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QUESTION NO. 1:
A.
According to (Bakar, Mohamed, & Zakaria, 2011), the school counselor has an important
role in the school, as most of the students have some issues in their family and personal life,
which requires help from the counselor to resolve those issues. Counselor is playing a key role in
the schools to resolve the problems of students. According to interviews and surveys, Malaysian
school counselors are working on a few values, which are gender, level of education, and others.
It has found out from a survey that works values of counselor were 3.71. It depends on the school
locations and size as well (Bakar, Mohamed, & Zakaria, 2011).
The counselor has assigned various responsibilities in the school to attend the students,
understand various issues of students, and try to resolve those issues from the help of various
methods, such as Counselling, medicines, and others. In addition, university-level students create
some critical situations to take drug and alcohol for resolving anxiety issues because of bullying
and other issues.
A counselor provides different services to students, community, school staff, and parents.
The main responsibility of the counselor is increasing development level using knowledge and
skills. Counselor creates various activities in the school to identify issues of students and resolve
them as well. In addition, university-level students create more problem in front of counselors.
Counselor is also responsible for the personal development and plans for the future of
students using activities, such as interviews of students and meeting with parents. They can refer
students to a psychologist or other external agencies for their treatment. The counseling program
is designed by the counselor as well as evaluates it based on various aspects (Kennedy &
Charles, 2017).
B.
According to (Aga Mohd Jaladin, 2013), the counselor has faced many issues in their
working at schools and universities. A counselor can analyze various internal and external issues
of students using various counseling methods, such as cognitive method.

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Multicultural issues
Main issues are diverse and multicultural issues in the Malaysian context. There is a huge
issue in the counseling process, which is racial and religious diversity. However, western
techniques have used to resolve social and multicultural issues in the counseling process.
As an example, a counselor in a school is having most of the data about the students, such
as personal data and academic data. In personal data, he or she had an address, phone number,
email id, and much other information, which is sensitive in a few cases. Therefore, it is necessary
to make such types of information confidential and secure from others. Apart from it, the
counselor has academic information of all the students, which requires security and privacy. In
addition, the counselor should not share the student’s personal and academic information with
other students (Adekson, 2019).
Mental health:
Mental health is the second issue in front of the counselor, which has been created
because of stress, bullying, gender issue, and others (Roberts, 2017). In addition, there are some
policies and guidelines for the counselors to handle student’s issues in a proper way (Atan,
2013). Moreover, the counselor can use various methods to resolve these issues, such as
interviews, social activities, and others. It is not a surprise for a counselor that student raised a
question in front of a counselor about drugs and alcohol. Students show that they are having
issues with their personal life because of family issues to consume drugs and alcohol. Therefore,
the counselor must confirm the situation and manage their issues using various methods. The
counselor must ensure about the reason behind the issues of students. It is tough work for the
counselor to identify the real issue in the student’s interview (Patton, 2019).
Home issue
The home issue is another issue in front of the counselor, which is a common issue in
front of most of the counselor. There are various issues at home, which make an impact on the
student including academically, emotionally, and socially at school and university levels as well.
However, issues can be the divorce of a parent, family matter, or stress because of siblings
(Lambie, Ieva, Mullen, & Hayes, 2011).
There should a faith between counselor and clients to secure information and their
personal and professional conversation. It makes a strong understanding between clients and

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counselor because it is necessary to make a proper conversation to know about each other.
According to (Kennedy & Charles, 2017), ethics, morals, and values are important things for a
human being. The counselor must consider all these things at a high priority at school and
university levels.
Moreover, a person can manage their potential dilemmas based on ethics and moral
theories. Apart from it, there are many other reasons to follow ethics and moral values in the
workplace. In addition, a counselor should follow ethics, as they have much information about
their students and patients. In addition, information technology is also required ethics to provide
different services in the counseling process (Antle, 2017).
QUESTION NO. 2:
I analyzed that NGO counseling center uses various methods for resolving different types
of issues in front of them from their clients. The main role of NGOs is reducing the consumption
of drugs for their mental health. There are various methods of counseling, such as interview and
counseling programs or activities.
NGO counseling center is having various departments to resolve various issues of their
patients. Mostly these centers consider particular cases as the basis on their expertise. Most of
the cases are related to multicultural issues.
Moreover, they have to make the judgment to break confidentiality. While presented
while a state of affairs wherein prison government is concerned, or if the affected person appears
to be a chance to self or others. In addition, Even though complicated, these reputedly
incongruous requirements are vital for the good of the affected person and those around her or
him. According to (Holland, 2015), a teacher can be a good counselor but it is necessary to
provide a faith in-between student counselor relationship.
There is an example, which has taken from patients and counselor relationship. In the
field of medical science, counselors attend various patients, which has affected by psychological
disorder or anxiety. Patients are more sensitive in this case. Therefore, it is necessary to secure
their information, as anyone can make a joke on them because of their medical conditions.
Patients share their personal information with their counselor, which are related to their issues.
Therefore, it is a responsibility of the counselor to secure their private information from others.

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References
Adekson, M. O. (2019). Handbook of Counseling and Counselor Education. New York:
Routledge. doi:https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351164207
Aga Mohd Jaladin, R. (2013). Barriers and challenges in the practice of multicultural counseling
in Malaysia: A qualitative interview study. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 26(2),
174-189.
Antle, A. N. (2017). The ethics of doing research with vulnerable populations. interactions,
24(6), 74-77.
Atan, N. (2013). A guidance and counseling model practiced within Malaysian schools.
International Journal of Education and Research, 1(4), 1-12.
Bakar, A., Mohamed, S., & Zakaria, N. (2011). Work values of Malaysian school counselors: It's
implication on school counseling. Journal of Social Sciences, 7(3), 456.
Holland, M. M. (2015). Trusting each other: Student-counselor relationships in diverse high
schools. Sociology of Education, 88(3), 244-262.
Kennedy, E., & Charles, S. (2017). On Becoming a Counselor: A Basic Guide for Counselors
and Other Helpers. Paulist Press.
Lambie, G., Ieva, K., Mullen, P., & Hayes, B. (2011). Ego development, ethical decision-
making, and legal and ethical knowledge in school counselors. Journal of Adult
Development, 18(1), 50-59.
Patton, D. (2019). Predictive Relationships Between School Counselor Role Ambiguity, Role
Diffusion, and Job Satisfaction.
Roberts, M. (2017, July 6). Ten of the Biggest Challenges Faced by School Counselors in 2017.
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