Theories in Counselling Skills: PSY101 Assignment Analysis

This essay delves into the realm of counselling psychology, examining the core principles and practices essential for effective therapeutic interventions. The discussion begins by defining counselling and its role in helping individuals navigate personal challenges, emphasizing the significance of a strong client-therapist relationship. It then explores five prominent psychology theories: psychoanalysis, cognitive, behavioral, holistic therapy, and the humanistic approach, highlighting their unique perspectives on human behavior and treatment methodologies. Furthermore, the essay outlines key elements crucial for establishing a positive therapeutic relationship, such as building rapport, demonstrating empathy, and maintaining genuineness. The role of professional bodies like the Australian Psychological Society in ensuring quality care is also acknowledged. The essay also discusses the impact of diet on psychological well-being, suggesting dietary modifications to enhance mental health. In conclusion, the essay underscores the importance of psychological guidance and the implementation of effective counselling skills for improved client outcomes.

Running head: PSYCHOLOGY 1
THEORIES IN COUNSELLING SKILLS
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Institution of Affiliation
Date

PSYCHOLOGY 2
Introduction
Counseling is a protocol that calls for a trained individual to assist a person to discover
ways to work out through and comprehend their problems. It is common that every individual in
life finds things that are difficult to handle using one’s own knowledge but require to seek more
information from experts (Watt et al, 2018). The information obtained to assist in dealing with a
situation in the most decorum manner to avoid mistakes or misunderstanding. The discussion
below will exhaustively bring out the term counselling in psychology as a whole: its millennial
practices and what it encampuses.
This phenomenal case of psychology both internally and externally protrudes the type of
close relationship and bonding between the client and the therapist. An intriguing facet about the
ultimate counselling world is that it not only requires understanding on how the counselling
procedure takes place, the type of patient in the picture just to say less, but also the intrinsic
understanding and well-off piece of communication between the client and the therapist
(Mcmahon, & Patton, 2016).
Counselling psychology has different cases of determining the extremity of the client’s
health cause rather bringing into close consideration of what and how the therapist needs to
handle the client’s health state. The client’s health and ultimate progress depend on multiple
factors. This is solitary covered in the different types of counselling skills theory in psychology.
The 5 types of psychology theories (Wubbolding, 2017) include:
 Psychoanalysis theory- since time immemorial, it can be utterly presumed that this
form of psychology theory depends on the unconscious forces that promote the
behaviour.

PSYCHOLOGY 3
 Cognitive theory- this theory is all about how someone’s thinking can change
behaviours and feelings. The long-term goal of this theory is an automatic problem-
solving.
 Behavioural theory- this entirely upholds the format which the behaviour of a client is
contained by trying to twist or modify the client's behaviour to either the positive side
and feeling or the negative side.
 Holistic Therapy theory- brainily, it deals with the non-traditional forms of therapy at
most times. However, it puts into place all the other forms of therapy inclusive of
hypnotherapy.
 Humanistic Approach theory- in this theory case, the therapist focuses entirely on the
present events affecting the client and also the possible solutions to making the
clients’ life more hopeful by bringing out the highest potential in them.
Also in the quest to pursue a good therapeutic relationship some elements have to be
considered (Gray, 2018). Among the first steps in doing so, the counsellor should establish a
good rapport with the client and maintain the rapport till the end. This can be easily established if
the counsellor shows up with a professional but relaxed yet very friendly appearance. Other
actions such as maintaining eye contact to show that you’re paying attention to the client.
Establishing a good rapport helps the client to trust the counsellor more often and be free to
reveal his/her true feelings or emotions.
The counsellor should also show empathy in this case. The counsellor should be able to
express empathy using both verbal and nonverbal behaviours. Use the right facial expressions
and gestures in order for the client to see what you can relate to their state of emotion.
Counselling includes proper psychology for the parties to understand each other well, connect

PSYCHOLOGY 4
with them, and give the appropriate message henceforth. Some small statements and minimal
encouragers may be another way to convey empathy. The counsellor should frequently engage
the client and remain responsive to the person by asking questions and other methods.
Another key element is being genuine. A counsellor must be able to detect the major
problem facing the client and address it subsequently. The counsellor should talk to the client
and discuss the issue with the client to see their side of the story too on what is affecting them or
simply connect the dots on the clients issue depending on how they express themselves, proper
choice of words used explanatory and what seemingly goes through in their thoughtful minds
(Douglas et al, 2016).
Any other kind of small talk can be held before the session. In which during the sessions,
it should be the issues pertaining the well-being of the client that needs to be presumably
discussed and any other topic introduced should be driven towards luring the in formable client
of a certain occurrence of a life experience event in order to show that you understand how you
feel and how you relate with their life situation (Hargie, 2016).
The renowned society of the state: Australian Psychological Society (APS) being the core
body in charge of psychology and counselling issues in the state outrageously plays its vital and
unanimous role in ensuring the clients receive proper care from the therapists as it strictly puts in
place the proper recruitment of the therapists based on their discipline and area of specialization
in profession (Woolfe, 2016).
Predominantly, a case study has shown that what we eat affects our feelings too since it
also entails boosting of brain power. Cases of high overthinking linking up with psychology can
also be perpetually healed with proper diet taking (Sekhon, Oates, Kneebone, & Rose, 2019).

PSYCHOLOGY 5
Food has been stated by the World Health Organisation as one of the most influential when it
comes to altering the functioning of the brain and body as a whole. Some of the dietetic meals
that are associated in enhancing proper psychology include;
 Fatty fish
 Whole grains
 Lean protein
 Leafy greens
 Yoghurt with active cultures.
Conclusion
A client needs proper psychological advice on the diet he/she needs to take. Also, the
clients, during this counselling period should also make sure that they visit the therapists more
often to try and figure the way out. Particularly in some cases which the client might feel that
they are going through emotional distress and this might lead to some levels of loneliness. The
client should take into close consideration the advice from the counsellors and in the case of any
applicable medicinal drugs, then he/she has no other option but to presumably take it to
completion. Some cases of botched psychology have been reported by The World Health
Organisation (WHO) and also leading to cases of death. But the counselling skills if well put into
place then the patients will definitely have a nice time during their recovery process.

PSYCHOLOGY 6
References
Douglas, B., Woolfe, R., Strawbridge, S., Kasket, E., & Galbraith, V. (Eds.). (2016). The
handbook of counselling psychology. Sage.
Gray, H. L. (2018). A perspective on organization theory. In The management of educational
institutions (pp. 39-54). Routledge.
Hargie, O. (2016). Skilled interpersonal communication: Research, theory and practice.
Routledge.
Mcmahon, m., & patton, w. (2016). Constructivism: What does it mean for career counselling?.
In Career Counselling (pp. 21-34). Routledge.
Sekhon, J. K., Oates, J., Kneebone, I., & Rose, M. (2019). Counselling training for speech–
language therapists working with people affected by post‐stroke aphasia: a
systematic review. International journal of language & communication disorders.
Watt, H. M., Ehrich, J., Stewart, S. E., Snell, T., Bucich, M., Jacobs, N., ... & English, D. (2019).
Development of the Psychologist and Counsellor Self-Efficacy Scale. Higher
Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning.
Woolfe, R. (2016). Mapping the world of helping: The place of counselling psychology. The
handbook of counselling psychology, 5-19.
Wubbolding, R. (2017). Counselling with reality therapy. Routledge.