In-depth Analysis: Research Paper on the Lived Experience of COVID-19

This report provides a critical analysis of the research paper "The Lived Experience of Covid-19," utilizing the critical appraisal skills programme tool. The analysis focuses on the study's aim to illustrate the essence of living with COVID-19, employing a phenomenological research design. The report examines the methodology, including the use of semi-structured interviews and snowball sampling, and discusses the limitations and potential biases associated with these methods. Ethical considerations, such as maintaining confidentiality and ensuring data trustworthiness, are also evaluated. The analysis concludes by assessing the data analysis process, highlighting the reported physical and emotional experiences of participants, and noting the lack of detailed description of the analytical methods used.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS
OF RESEARCH PAPER

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Scholars are required to publish study reports for various type of reasons as it is a free
communication by a scientist or a group of scholars informing their peers and colleagues about
the set of fresh findings that either able to provide answers to the puzzled issues or raise
concerns that belongs to academic or practical interests (Dye & et.al., 2020). This report is based
upon the article i.e. “The Lived Experience of Covid-19” through which their significance and
critical analysis will be conducted in the study with the help of adopting critical appraisal skills
programme tool. This specific tool have specified checklist for each kind of study which is
highly effective enough to address all the answers about the questions that are involved into the
checklist and illustrate the analysis of the study in the most successful manner.
MAIN BODY
The aim of the research within the article i.e. “The live experience of Covid-19” is able
to provide clear and exact aim regarding illustrating the essence of living with corona virus
disease 2019. The primary goal of the study is related to the providing appropriate examples and
researches over the essential requirements of living with corona virus or pandemic conditions
among the society. Thus, the researcher utilizes phenomenological research design specifically
during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. With the help of providing clear picture about
the research goals will assist the scholar to steer the research work towards the satisfactory
completion of the project (Dozois, 2021). With clear goal, rest of the things are also fallen in
their place. The aim or goal that has been involved into the study is highly important to research
upon because the virus continuously resulted into the variations of the severity of symptoms as
the nature of the virus infection is quickly grown into the global pandemic which requires urgent
attention about the experiences of different people regarding Covid-19. This topic is extremely
important in order to illustrate the issues and problems that have been faced by individuals along
with the significance of living life irrespective of such crisis condition.
The methodology that has been used within this report is related to the phenomenological
approach or method for illustrating the descriptive analysis. Within this study, a semi structured
interview was utilized in order to take interview of adults to diagnosed them with Covid-19. In
order to grab exact answers, the scholars asked open-ended questions that are related to the
experiences along with follow-up questions regarding the information. The research is extremely
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able to seek or interpret the subjective experiences of the investigation participants. As the
primary purpose of adopting phenomenological approach is related to explore what people
experienced and focuses over their experience phenomenon. This specific kind of philosophy
has share a strong foundation and hence recommended as in order to explore the writings of
various other key thinkers as well over the specific study topic. With the help of this qualitative
phenomenological research, the investigator is highly able to investigates everyday experiences
of human beings those have experienced something about Covid-19 situation and avoiding
suspending the researchers preconceived assumptions about this specific phenomenon (Frenkel
& et.al., 2021). With the help of qualitative analysis the engagement of social scientists into
previous epidemics has pointed a series of factors that provide high level of influence specially
when qualitative expertise is requested which includes the ways in which the investigation has
been carried out and the ways in which the findings are shared to inform response efforts. Thus,
with the help of qualitative method of investigation, the researcher is able to understand the
experiences of individuals those are infected with Covid-19 and did not require hospitalization
or other health care providers. Thus, this study is basically conducted in order to understand the
experiences of individuals those are infected with corona virus and also appropriately addresses
the research goal.
The research design that has been utilized in order to illustrate the topic in detailed
manner uses qualitative study along with phenomenological approach and colaizzi's
phenomenological approach method in order to conduct descriptive analysis. This specific
approach is considered as most effective and powerful strategy which is highly suitable for
exploring challenging issues into the research. As in this study, the collection of data which is
based upon the experiences of individuals during the early stage of pandemic conditions or
corona virus situation. With the help of creating better level of understanding as well as work in
order to make sure about the proper alignment between the specified research questions along
with the scholars underlying philosophy (Mahase, 2020). Moreover, it has been analysed that
within the report or examination, the researcher has not completely justified the research design
as the study is completely based upon the data that has been collected by adopting snowball
sampling method which is continued till saturation of data was reached. Due to adoption of this
specific strategy or approach, the scholar has no idea about the true and exact distribution about
the population as well as about the sample. In addition to this, it might also create sampling
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biases which is the biggest fear of researchers at the time of using sampling technique. This
technique is comparatively difficult in order to illustrate the results that are hard in order to
generalize beyond the sample studies. This is also a slow technique as each participant requires
recommending others and hence shows as comparatively slow procedure. However, there are
only 14 participants were selected in order to grab the information which is also a matter of
concern as this study requires significant and necessary results in order to interpret the results in
successful manner.
The recruitment strategy of the candidates that have been selected in order to grab the
appropriate results as per the set aims and objectives of the research is clear within the article as
it has been highlighted into the report that the participants were selected on the basis of
Snowball sampling method. It is the technique within which the respondents are asked to assist
scholars in order to identify potential subjects of the study. As this is the study which is based
upon the real life experiences of individuals thus, this strategy fulfil all the requirements of the
report in complete manner. On the other hand, it has certain limitations as well which involves
the representativeness of the sample is not at all guaranteed. The participants that were selected
are highly suitable because they are facing the diseases and have live experiences through which
they are able to provide appropriate information as well as feelings in front of others. Although
the significance of the selected candidates had not been mentioned into the investigation nor the
detailed analysis over the selection criteria of the candidates (Machingaidze & Wiysonge, 2021).
Although it is because of the fact that snowball method has been used which is the type of
method which creates a chain or generate a pool of participants for the study with the help of
referrals made by individuals and through this another participants are automatically connected
with the study. In addition to this, in the whole study it had not been discussed that why some
people had been excluded from the examination not they have presented any reason for choosing
the selected candidates.
The data has been collected into the study with the help of adopted snowball method of
collecting the data. The scholar select the candidates on the basis of persons or individuals who
reported the physical and emotional experiences related to corona virus. The most common
physical incidences that has been observed within them are related to the symptoms of Covid
which is related to extreme fatigue, loss of smell and taste, weight loss, brain fog, etc. In such
manner it is justified that the setting related to data collection is justified in every manner. The
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data were gathered by adopting a semi structures interview of individuals who diagnosed with
Covid-19 and aged 18 years and older through telephonic interview. Although there is no
justification provided by the scholar about choosing any specific kind of method for research.
The methods that have been chosen by the investigator are not appropriately explicit in nature as
it has been discussed that questions were asked the respondents over the telephone but it had
been not been discussed that what are those exact questions that were asked during those 20
minutes to the candidates. Moreover, there is no specific topic guide has been chosen by the
scholar at the time conducting the study (Salopek-Žiha & et.al., 2020). In context of method
modifications, it has been evaluated that there are no modifications examined among the
research project and it includes only one mode to gather the data that is related to use telephonic
interview method. Yes, the saturation of the data had been discussed by the scholar within the
study in a manner according to which the snowball technique continued until the saturation of
the data was reached.
The relationship between scholar and the participants of the study has not been specified
into the study at any point of time. Nor it had been identified that the researcher examined their
own specified role or any other kind of potential biases. Moreover, there has been no influence
had been concluded into the whole study. The formulation of the research questions is totally
based upon the person to whom the researcher are doing conversations with. General questions
that were asked includes the age and sex of the candidate, rest questions are not mentioned into
the study (Rose & et.al., 2020). The sample recruitment had been considered through utilizing
snowball technique along with the location had not been specified into the whole study. In order
to address the response of researcher towards the study or events that had been chosen during the
study, it had been evaluated that there are no specific implications had been addressed into the
whole examination as in the research design, the researcher initially adopts specific methods
rather than make modifications into the same.
As per the ethical considerations that required to be taken care of at the time of
conducting the research is totally based upon ethical ways to address the issues such as it
includes maintaining confidentiality by coding the data to protect the anonymity of the
participants. Moreover, in order to fulfil all the ethical requirements, the data debriefer has been
considered to make sure about the trustworthiness. In addition to this, the themes had been
verified by the participants utilizing member checking which enables the researcher to provide
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authenticity. In such manner, the participants were appropriately able to understand the scope
and reason of the study. Within such ways, all the ethical standards were maintained by the
investigator and the scholar itself immersed themselves into the data until the themes were
illuminated. The researcher had not discussed anything about the consent form that is being
filled by the respondents in order to take permission for their active participation (Putra & et.al.,
2020). Although it might be because of the reason that the respondents were interviewed over
the telephone and thus, the intentions of the person had been appropriately identified at the time
of talking to them directly. Although ethical standards were maintained as the confidentiality
have been preserved at the time of conducting the study.
The data analysis that had been conducted by the scholar involved that the participants
were reported physical and emotional experiences. The physical incidents reported extreme
fatigue, loss of taste and smell, fever, weight loss, etc. However, there were no detailed
description about the analysis process that had been used into the research. To elaborate the
aspects, thematic analysis had been expressed and used from the original sample in order to
illustrate the analysis procedure. Moreover, sufficient amount of data had been presented which
highly able to support the overall findings (Fabeil, Pazim & Langgat, 2020). There were no
contradictory data had been considered or taken into account within the whole study. In context
of interpreting the scholars personal role, there were no comments had been addressed which are
highly able to provide information about the same. Moreover, it might have happened that few
biases had been involved into the whole study as the researcher includes telephonic interviews
according to which the exact answers were only known by the scholar itself those are interpreted
by them in records after collecting the viewpoints. In addition to this, the data had been gathered
through snowball method which includes certain amount of biases during selecting the data.
The findings are appropriately able to suggest that the feelings of isolation results into
implications for mood swings and sensitivity to a threat, which results into the enhancement into
cortisol level along with a decline into older adults immune function. The researcher had not
been discussed over the credibility aspects regarding the findings. As the scholar explored the
lived experience of patients those are diagnosed with the Covid-19 (Ng & et.al., 2020). The
respondents provide serious implications in their mood because of the corona virus. This highly
impacts their quality of life as they feel isolated especially during the time of corona disease.
They also face anger, shame and anxiety issues during that specific point of time. Moreover, the
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findings are not discussed on the basis of questions that were asked the respondents. And the
general comments had been addressed by the scholar by analysis the topic in overall and
complete context. This enables the scholar to interpret the data into most successful ways.
The study is highly valuable and able to provide appropriate directions to the nurses as
well as other health care providers in order to discuss the issues that had been faced by the
respondents specially during the corona virus. The scholar successfully consider the literature
review as well for making general comments into the study according to which the examiner is
able to identify the specific feelings along with general feelings that had been considered by the
patients basically at the time of Covid-19 (Clauw & et.al., 2020). There are as such no specific
areas that had been evaluated by the scholar within which the study is highly necessary or
significant. In order to elaborate the aspects of discussions that required to be transferred then, in
proper there are no such specific findings that can be transferred to other populations or had
been considered other ways the research or investigation might be used.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it had been concluded that according to the checklist that required
to be adopted for the qualitative research study material or articles, the above explained article
i.e. The Lived Experience of Covid-19, had been successfully able to fulfil the requirements of
the study into most appreciable ways. The article is appropriately able to illustrate the validation
of the study, results in successful ways along with whether it will assist people in general ways
or not had been evaluated. Each question of the checklist had been addressed in most specified
manner which is extremely able to provide informations to the people who want to get
information about the feelings that had been faced by the Covid patients.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Clauw, D. J. & et.al. (2020). Considering the potential for an increase in chronic pain after the
COVID-19 pandemic. Pain, 161(8), 1694.
Dozois, D. J. (2021). Anxiety and depression in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A
national survey. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 62(1), 136.
Dye, T. D. & et.al. (2020). Risk of COVID-19-related bullying, harassment and stigma among
healthcare workers: an analytical cross-sectional global study. BMJ open, 10(12),
e046620.
Fabeil, N. F., Pazim, K. H., & Langgat, J. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 pandemic crisis on
micro-enterprises: Entrepreneurs’ perspective on business continuity and recovery
strategy. Journal of Economics and Business, 3(2).
Frenkel, M. O. & et.al. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on European police
officers: Stress, demands, and coping resources. Journal of Criminal justice, 72,
101756.
Machingaidze, S., & Wiysonge, C. S. (2021). Understanding COVID-19 vaccine
hesitancy. Nature Medicine, 27(8), 1338-1339.
Mahase, E. (2020). Covid-19: Mental health consequences of pandemic need urgent research,
paper advises.
Ng, K. & et.al. (2020). COVID-19 and the risk to health care workers: a case report. Annals of
internal medicine, 172(11), 766-767.
Putra, P. & et.al. (2020). The students learning from home experience during covid-19 school
closures policy in indonesia. Jurnal Iqra, 5(2).
Rose, N. & et.al. (2020). The social underpinnings of mental distress in the time of COVID-19–
time for urgent action. Wellcome open research, 5.
Salopek-Žiha, D. & et.al. (2020). Differences in distress and coping with the COVID-19 stressor
in nurses and physicians. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(2), 287-293.
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