A Report on the Effects of COVID-19 on Mental Health in UK Adults

This report investigates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of teenagers and adults in the UK. It begins by defining mental health and highlighting the pandemic's disruption to mental health services globally. The research objectives include analyzing the concept of COVID-19 on mental health, determining the causes and impacts, and examining strategies to reduce the negative effects. The report outlines the rationale and significance of the research, emphasizing the need for knowledge and support for those affected. A literature review explores the concept of COVID-19's impact, its causes, and strategies for mitigation. The methodology section discusses the research philosophy, approach, strategies, and techniques used. The findings and results chapter presents the outcomes of the study, while the conclusion and recommendation chapter summarizes the overall study and offers suggestions for addressing mental health issues related to the pandemic. This report is helpful for students and professionals to understand the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and for finding strategies to minimize its effects.

EFFECT OF COVID-
19 ON MENTAL
HEALTH

Table of Contents
TITLE..............................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION (1500)........................................................................................1
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................1
AIM..................................................................................................................................................2
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE..............................................................................................................2
RESEARCH QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................2
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH..............................................................................................2
SIGNIFICANE OF THE RESEARCH............................................................................................3
OVERVIEW OF THE STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION.........................................................3
Chapter 1: Introduction...........................................................................................................3
Chapter 2: Literature review...................................................................................................3
Chapter 3: Research methodology..........................................................................................4
Chapter 4: Finding and results................................................................................................4
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendation.........................................................................4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW (3500).............................................................................5
Concept of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK.........................5
Causes and impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK........7
Ways or strategies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and
adults in UK..........................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (3000)................................................................14
Research philosophy.............................................................................................................14
Research approach................................................................................................................17
Research strategies...............................................................................................................18
Research choice....................................................................................................................19
Research time horizon..........................................................................................................20
Research technique and procedure.......................................................................................20
CHAPTER 4: FINDING AND RESULTS (3000)........................................................................21
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION (1500)..........................................27
Conclusion............................................................................................................................27

Recommendation..................................................................................................................28
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................31

TITLE
“Effect of COVID-19 on mental health on teenager and adults”
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION (1500)
BACKGROUND
Mental health is defined as the cognitive, behavioural and the emotional wellbeing. In
addition, it is usually state that the behaviour of people which is based on the thinking, feeling
and many more. Moreover, the people with sometime use the term mental health in order to
express that the person is free form the mental illness or any kind of disorder (Singh and Singh,
2020). Therefore, the mental health may impact the daily living, activities, relationship and
physical health. In addition, the mental health may be affected due to the various of factor. In
this, the COVID-19 arises a factor which render the mental health of number of people which
may associated from the different age group. As per the data and information, it is well analysing
that the teenager is facing high range of mental health issue due to the COVID-19 (De Kock and
et. al., 2021). The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the disrupted or the halted situation which is
based on the critical mental health service which is approx. 93 percent of the countries in the
global level. In this, the demand for the mental health is enhancing and according to the new
WHO survey the mental health illness is rising due the impact of COVID-19. In addition to this,
the survey of the 130 countries that help to provide the first global data that used to show the
devastating impact of the COVID-19 on the access to the mental health service and they are
undergo for the urgent that show the need for the enhanced funding (Dubey and et. al., 2020).
Therefore, the survey used to publish that the WHO formulate some of the big events for mental
health, the global online which is called webinar has to be conducted in order to show the
advocacy events which is regulated on the 10 of October. The enhancing factor show the
pandemic demanded for the mental health service that include bereavement, isolation for the
social group and community which reduce the change of outdoor games, interaction and
communication and many more, loss of income and fear which used to trigger mental health
situation and condition that promote the existing ones. There are number of people who used to
face risk of enhanced utilisation of the resources and drug use. Moreover, the situation of the
insomnia and anxiety is common when taking the reference of COVID-19 aspect (Galea,
Merchant, and Lurie, 2020). Meanwhile, the pandemic show various situation which can lead to
1

create the issue which is related with the neurological and mental complication that include
delirium, agitation and stroke and various disease. However, the people with the pre-existing
mental, neurological or the excess use of substance use disorder show their rationale within the
teenager during the period of COVID-19. This all condition is well associated with population
and they are highly vulnerable for the SARS-CoV2 infection that they are may stand with the
higher risk of severe outcome which is occur death (Sandesh and et. al., 2020).
AIM
To understand the effects of COVID-19 on Mental Health among teenager and adults in UK.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
 To analyse the concept of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK.
 To determine the causes and impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and
adults in UK.
 To examine the ways or strategies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on mental health
among teenager and adults in UK.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 What are the concept of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK?
 What are the causes and impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and
adults in UK?
 What are the ways or strategies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on mental health
among teenager and adults in UK?
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH
The rationale of the research indicates some of the aspect which is related with the COVID-
19 and mental health which develop knowledge and skill to reduce the effect formulate personal
and professional development. The knowledge and skills which is related with the mental health
during the COVID-19 helpful to play role in the development of professional knowledge and
skills. In addition, it is also configuring that there are wide range of people used to suffer such
issue and they require medical support. The research helps to access the knowledge and provide
support to the those who require mental health advice and care. this positive approach may useful
to contribute within the professional development. In addition, the personal development is also
2

underlying when the research is in process. Moreover, the knowledge and skill play role for the
personal develop when anyone rather than the professional aspect require support and care for
their mental health issue. In addition, the personal and professional development is initiated as
per the conducting of research.
SIGNIFICANE OF THE RESEARCH
The research shows their significance while developing knowledge which is associated with
the concept, effect and intervention for the mental health issue which is happen among the
teenager in UK due to COVID-19. The mental health issue is the trending aspect which is
followed within the COVID-19. Therefore, it creates effect on the mental state of teenager and
adults due to the perspective of social isolation which restrict the limit in order to perform
activities and task that is related with the mental health. The adult also faces number of issue due
the loss of income, loss of job and many more. The significance of the research indicates that the
projection which is based on the perpetuate factor that provide relevance towards the adult who
become panic and getting stress in the COVID-19, after a long time they are used live in such
situation which may create issue with the mental health. Therefore, the major of mental health
problem which is determined during the COVID-19 is depression, anxiety, stress, eating
disorder, insomnia and many more. Therefore, the research is helpful to find the ways which is
based on the intervention and strategies which is equitable and help to perform such of the
activities that reduce the complication and promote healthy lifestyle and behaviour.
OVERVIEW OF THE STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION
Chapter 1: Introduction
The introduction section used to explain the concept and some of the dimension which is
related with the topic. They majorly include the theme of the topic and their division which
discussed the definition of mental health and factor that contribute during COVID-19 that affect
mental health. The introduction section allows to elaborate about the different significance and
rationale of the research that help to develop personal and professional develop that is related
with the provided research topic (Morin and et. al., 2022).
Chapter 2: Literature review
The literature is referring as the piece of academic writing elaborate knowledge and
understanding towards the selected topic which shows the effect of COVID-19 on mental among
3

teenager and adults. Moreover, this section allows to critically evaluate of the objective that
prepared with the help to chosen aim (Das, Behera, and Paital, 2022).
Chapter 3: Research methodology
In this chapter, the discussion is used to build on specific process and procedure that related with
the technique which is used in order to determine, select, process and analyse information which
is related with topic. In addition, the effect of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and
adult require aspect of data collection method and many more. This chapter help to explore the
knowledge regards with the aspect which is followed in the collection and selection of data and
information (He and et. al., 2022).
Chapter 4: Finding and results
The chapter is help to allow the reader in order to explain the overall finding of the study. The
finding indicates the outcome which is obtain while studying and gathering of the information
that is related with the topic. The result is useful aspect which is help to derive the concept,
challenge and causes that related with the risk factor arise due to the complication of mental
health illness. It also demonstrates about the strategies which is useful to play key role in
minimising the impact of mental health issue among teenager and adults (Robinson and et. al.,
2022).
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendation
The conclusion is useful, they used to show the aspect of the overall study which is functional
and used to create knowledge regards with the chosen topic. The recommendation is also based
on the chosen topic which help to inform regarding the issue and complication related with the
mental health. Recommendation often provide aspect to improve the impact which is related with
the complication of mental health among teenager and adults (Ćosić and et. al., 2020).
4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW (3500)
Literature review can introduce to main and a systematic procedure of collecting the secondary
information corresponding to topic. In this, there are various secondary sources like books,
articles as well as publication research that are quite relevant to topic. Main purpose of doing
literature review is to effectively analyse research gaps in earlier studies. In the current research,
main gap in this is impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK. In
past studies, there were lots of information corresponding to mental health among people but
there were lack of information about impacts of COVID-19 on mental well-being in young and
older adults across UK. It is a main gap and for overcoming this, there are some interventions
and strategies to reduce impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults across
United Kingdom.
Concept of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK
The mental health of the UK children and adults was reducing before the pandemic. In
addition, the health educational and the social outcome for the children with the aspect of mental
health are used to show various condition that worse than the previous cohort (Wagner and et.
al., 2022). The aspect which is related between the 2004 and 2017 anxiety, depression and self-
harm which is enhanced in such a way that derive the project among the teenager. Self-harm is
also essential aspect which is show the risk factor of suicide, so that they do not surprise due to
the rising cases of rate of suicide among the UK children and adult which is enhanced and
predominantly show the factor which is create complication. Moreover, with the help to number
they show remain low with the age group in that fewer are less than the 100 people are under the
age of 18 are usually died due to the suicide each year in the UK with the statistic which refer
show 2014 to 2016 (Repon and et. al., 2021).
While taking the depth study, during the COVID-19, it is well recommended that there are
some of the families is used to taking the mental illness in the normal way and they are coping
well. Whereas, the several of them are facing the issue of financial adversity, struggling to home
school and risk of experiencing which is vicious cycle in order to enhance the distress.
Probability show the number of people teenager and adults are used to show the issue of mental
health during the COVID-19 (Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general
population: A systematic review, 2020). According to the England mental health and children
5

and young people survey the indicative data show that the 10.8 percent in 2017 to 16 percent in
July 2020 across all age, sex and ethnic group are included within the report. In addition, the
self-selected sample which is related with the study show that the 2673 parent are used to
recruited with the help of social media (Hall, 2020). It shows deterioration of the mental health
and enhance the behavioural aspect that consider the issue among the children with the age of 4
to 11 years which is between March to May in the year 2020 during the period of lockdown. In
addition, they also reduce the emotional symptoms among the 11-16 years. Therefore, they are
more socioeconomically deprived with the aspect of respondent which is showing the
consistently worse mental health in the both factor of survey. The warning was used to introduce
which is showing the respondent behaviour which is facing with the worse situation of mental
health in the comprised survey. The economic recession is usually expected to the enhance risk
for the families that they are related with financial strain (Yıldırım and Güler, 2021).
In this, the COVID-19 is usually interrupted and show various difficulties towards the
children and adult regards with the mental health. In addition, the pandemic which is based on
the process of research that has been underway that make access the impact on the teenager and
adults but the research shows poor aspect that they can potentially mislead the truth and create
biasness regards with the standpoint. In addition to this, the global, collaborative and continuous
updated project which is related with the aspect which is called DEPRESSD which is search for
the journals in order to generate more knowledge regards with the concept of COVID-19 on
mental health among the teenager and adults (Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality
of life: Is there any effect? A cross-sectional study of the MENA region. 2021). The COVID-19
crises have shown significance in term of factor which affect the lives of teenager and adult
within the age range of 15 years to 24-year-old. Therefore, there are number of available
evidence who used to show some of the significant point that create alarming situation in the
mental health illness among the chosen age group (von Keyserlingk and et. al., 2022). In some of
the countries, the sharing of adult who used to experience various symptoms of the anxiety and
depression which was more than the comparison with the twice as high the current received data
that is best available with the aspect of before crises. In the united states, it is also analysed that,
in march 2021, 43 percent of 18-29-year-old which is reported with the symptoms of the
perorated anxiety that show significantly from the 10 percent of 18-34-year-old in the term of
January to June 2019. There are some of the pattern which is similar in nature and show basic
6

evident with the aspect of depression. While taking the aspect of Belgium, it is well analysed that
the share of 16 to 24-year-old experiencing the symptoms of depression which is understood at
the level of 29 percent in the core factor of April at 2020 (Kim Nyengerai, and).
Day to day the rising cases of the COVID-19 and their factor which my contributed in the
mental health issue. in addition, the evolving complication of the COVID-19 pandemic are used
to set against the long standing concern about the eradication mental health among the children
and young people and they show inadequacy of the service provision which is instead and
understood. Therefore, the children are used to show the lowest risk which is associated with the
COVID-19, concern with the signal that is remain about the pandemic which show the effects on
their mental health which is associated with the risk of uneven experience with several age group
and socioeconomic circumstance (Dawson and Golijani-Moghaddam, 2020). In addition, the
long term effect is remaining uncertain and show the complication with the self-harm when the
individual is indulging with the issue for the longer period. Therefore, the proper counselling is
used to provide among teenager and adult to reduce the rising cases of mental health issue and
complication (Impact of COVID-19 on Public Mental Health and the Buffering Effect of a Sense
of Coherence, 2020). The policy maker used to must recognise the importance of education to
the social media and mental health derivation which show the outcome. Through this, the
appropriate focus on the employment and economic prospect are used to take along with this.
The concept of the COVID-19 on mental health is well understand regards with the rising cases
and arising complication which may create difficulties with the survival of teenager and adults
(Mendenhall, 2020).
Causes and impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK
As per view of Shweta Singh (2020), the pandemic has disrupted critical mental well-being
services in approximately 93% of countries across globe while demand for mental well-being is
quite enhancing abruptly. It has been depicted that as compared with older people, the epidemic
may proceed to have enhanced long term unfavourable consequences over children and young
adults. In this, nature as well as level of influence on this particular age group is mainly depends
on various weak elements like educational status, growing age, consisting special requirements,
having existing mental well-being issues, having poor economic status, people being quarantined
due to fear of contamination and many other (Marques et. al., 2021).
Impact on teenagers.
7

Across globe, prior Lock-down learning of teenagers or adolescents predominantly involved
in closer interactions with their educators, mentors and with groups of friends. Unfortunately, the
closure of educational institutions across globe have generally make negative impact over nearly
about 91% of nation's teenager population. Due to this, teenagers were not able to go out from
their homes and does not able to continue their studies properly. This can affect most of
teenager’s physical activities which they were doing in their normal days. Teenagers were not
able to explore their creativities, their ideas or extracurricular activities which they used to do
prior Lock-down. This can greatly impact on their health, especially on their mental health. It is
identified that during lock-down, most of teenager’s population were not able to do any physical
activity which in results affect their health such as gaining weight leads to causing obesity or
overweight. In this, having obesity as an illness is generally a group of diseases, such as it can
cause various associated diseases such as cardiovascular illness, diabetes and many more. In
addition, some of teenagers have generally showed reduced affects for not being able to meet
their friends, play games such as outdoor plays and not able to take part in extracurricular
activities (Morgado, Cruz, and Peixoto, 2022).
Such type of teenagers does not involve any impact over their mental health. According to
the view of author, it is identified that several adolescents and young adults are depressed or
anxious due to cancellation of their examination, other academic programs and so on. Due to
COVID-19, it can greatly impact on educational institutions leading to shut down and started
academic classes or examinations online. This is generally being done to maintain social
distancing and isolation in the time of pandemic (Impact of COVID-19 and Lock-down on mental
health of children and adolescents, 2020). There are some major drawbacks of conducting online
such as teenagers were not doing their daily activities or exercises which can make them to
develop various illness that can affect their well-being. Furthermore, it can impact their
behaviour that can ultimately affect mental health. In this, having fear of infection among
teenagers can also make negative impact over their mental health leading to dysfunction in
occupational, social, psychological and many more. It can lead to various complications
associated with mental and neurological like agitation, delirium and stroke as well. In this,
teenagers who are having pre-existing mental or neurological consequences and drug abuse are
specifically more prone towards coronavirus contamination and may stand a greater risk of
developing adverse results, in some cases even death also (Sifat, 2020).
8

Impact on adults.
While talking about young and old age group people, stress is a prime component that a
child contains when he/she born. During stress, people generally face a level of depression or
anxiety that is biologically associated with their health (May, Sehgal and Hand, 2022). During
outbreak of coronavirus and Lock-down, it can have an adverse impact on both social and
emotional development which directly affect their mental health. During ongoing epidemic,
among children, it is found that they are having symptoms of clinginess as well as having a fear
that their family members can get contaminated or infected with virus. In context with adults,
there are lots of consequences that were experienced by adults during pandemic such as loss of
income, closure of their businesses, lack of physical activities, increasing body weights and many
more, all can contribute towards affecting mental health of an individual.
As per view of Nirmita Panchal (2021), during pandemic, majority of people shares the
symptoms of anxiety, depression, physical distress, low self-esteem, substance abuse and
sometimes suicide also. These all symptoms are occurred due to loss of employment or particular
issues that can lead to reduced economic conditions. During COVID-19 pandemic, adult people
in home with loss of employment or reduced income generally reports increased rates of
symptoms of mental disease other than those people who are having their employment (The
Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Use, 2021). In other cases, some
people also started drinking alcohol excessively due to loss of their employment, this can result
in negative thoughts, change in behaviour, mental thoughts lead to suicide. At the time of virus
outbreak, concerns about mental well-being as well as drugs abuse have increased, consisting
concerns about thoughts of self-destruction. Previous year 2021, approximately about 41% of
people are specifically reported with having symptoms of depression and anxiety (Drach‐
Zahavy and et. al., 2022). It is identified by a survey in June 2020, that nearly about 13% of adult
people reported with drug abuse due to having stress of infection and about 10% of people were
reported having thoughts of self-destruction in the last 30 years. In this, rates of suicide among
adults has been increasing or may get worsen due to outbreak of viral infection. In context with
employment, various important workers such as care professionals generally faces a number of
difficulties consisting risk of having viral infection while coming in contact with COVID
patients. It is quite challenging for healthcare professionals to deal with infectious patients and
9