Analysis of COVID-19 Pathophysiology: Understanding Organ Impacts

This report provides an overview of the pathophysiology of COVID-19, focusing on the organs most affected by the virus, particularly the lungs and respiratory tract. It explains how the coronavirus, an RNA virus, impacts the body, detailing its effects on alveoli and the immune system. The report also discusses the virus's interaction with ACE2 receptors in various tissues, including the lungs, heart, and brain, and its influence on Type 1 and Type 2 alveolar cells. Furthermore, the report highlights the importance of maintaining oxygen and carbon dioxide homeostasis and explains how COVID-19 disrupts this balance. This document is available on Desklib, a platform offering a range of study tools and solved assignments for students.

Understanding of Covid-19
Corona virus is considered to be largest category of RNA virus.
Studies concluded that, in most of the cases, it is difficult to detect the
corona virus.
It causes pneumonia, respiratory infections.
It has an incubation period that can also up to 1 to 14 days.
The Pathophysiology of Covid 19
Anatomical Structure of an Individual
• The anatomical structure of an individual, in low respiratory tract:
• Nasal Cavity
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Composed of trachea
• Lungs
• Bronchioles
• Bronchi
Pathophysiology
In patients, while blood cells have count which can vary within
leukopenia, leukocytes and also lymphopenia.
It has been studies that lymphocyte count is interlinked with high rate
of diseases severity in Covid-19 individuals.
Covid Influence on the structure and function of Type 1 and Type 2
alveolar cells
• By the single cell which is RNA profiling, ACE2 expressions level
within the lung cells which is termed to be low.
• The site of infection is most likely to occur in cells which express
both ACE2 and also protease TMPRSS2.
• These sites are termed to be corneal conjunctiva in eyes, ciliated
and also secretory cells inside the nose.
Organs which are Affected by Covid-19
The lungs are the organs which are termed to be most affected by
coronavirus.
It directly impacts the lungs and can be able to damage the alveoli (tiny
air sacs).
It can harm the immunity system of people.
The major impact that has been observed that due to corona virus the tiny
air sacs of lungs are majorly affected due to adverse affect of
coronavirus.
Importance of Homoeostasis of Oxygen and Carbon Level
In the absence of oxygen, the electron transport chain which can be
inhibitor and also glucose metabolism that can close glycolic pathways in
an individual's body.
Covid-19 influence other body cells and system
The virus that can be bind to angiotensin that can be converting enzyme
2 (ACE 2) that can be receptors which can show in vascular endothelial
cells, lungs heart, brain and other tissues.
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•Guglielmi, G. (2020). Fast coronavirus tests: what they can and can’t
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•Phua, J., Weng, L., Ling, L., Egi, M., Lim, C. M., Divatia, J. V., ... &
Asian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group. (2020). Intensive care
management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges
and recommendations. The lancet respiratory medicine, 8(5), 506-
517.
Affecting areas of Covid-19
The body system which mainly affected by the Corona virus is
respiratory tract.
The body system includes mouth, nose, throat and also lungs.
It is more likely to infect deeper cells of individuals and first sign that
prevail is common cold.
The virus can reach the gas exchange units of individual's lungs that can
infect alveolar type 2 cells
Nature of Corona virus
Viruses like coronavirus are contagious in nature that can
be passed person to person