A Comprehensive Report on COVID-19: Epidemiology and Management

This report provides a comprehensive overview of COVID-19, beginning with its definition as a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus. It details the virus's transmission methods, including contact with infected individuals and respiratory droplets, and emphasizes preventive measures such as hand hygiene and social distancing. The report presents global statistics on confirmed cases, recoveries, and deaths, highlighting the significant impact on various countries and the disproportionate effect on older populations and ICU capacity. It also addresses the crisis in ICU management, the burden on healthcare staff, and the psychological effects of the pandemic. The report outlines the main symptoms of COVID-19 and acknowledges the ongoing research for treatments and vaccines, supported by references to relevant studies. It highlights the challenges faced by healthcare systems globally, the importance of preventative measures, and the need for continued research to combat the virus.

COVID-19
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Definition
COVID-19 refers to a respiratory disease which is caused by a coronavirus according to Driggin
et al, (2020). The scientific name of this virus is Betacoronavirus.
Mode of transmission of the virus and way of prevention
The min method which corona virus can transmit from one place to another is through getting
into contact with infected individual or infectious object according to White & Lo, (2020). For
instance, when an infected individual leaves respiratory droplets on an object then uninfected
person touches it, the virus is transmitted from one person to another. Apart from that, another
method of transmission is when the infected person coughs and pass saliva droplets to another
individual.
The main way of preventing corona virus is maintaining high level of hygiene. Some of the main
proposed method is by washing hands regularly for up to 20 seconds in each session. When
washing hands, one should always make use of soap and running water. Consequently, there are
cases where one may be far from soap and water. In such a scenario, one can make use of
alcohol-based sanitizers to rub on the hand regularly according to Wong, (2020). It is also
important to maintain social distancing. One should only go public when it is a must. However,
when interacting others, one should maintain a distance of one and half meter to another
individual close to him or her. In a way to prevent the transmission of the respiratory droplets,
one should always cover his or her nose with mask which is disposable. It is also crucial to avoid
touching mouth, ear and nose when your hands are unclean.
Mortality and mobility rate globally and specified in ICU

From the live statistics, coronavirus have affected more than two hundred countries across the
globe. According to population, more one and half million people have contacted the virus.
However, the United States of America is leading with 438,082 confirmed cases, 24,196
recovered and 15682 deaths. Globally, 1,506,963 are confirmed cases, 340,112 recovered cases
and 90,057 deaths registered. It is important to note that these numbers keep on changing daily.
Countries do daily testing on patients that have been put on self-quarantine. The virus is big
tragedy to the old people as they are the ones in ICU and die faster.
The Crisis in management of COVID 19 in the ICU and the effect on staff burden
Many people are scared by this virus and its management in ICU depends on the doctors. The
doctors who manage the virus in ICU wear protective gears and face mask to prevent the spread
of COVID-19. Nurse are at high risk when handling these patients because the disease is even
spread through breathing. In countries like Italy, the staff are burdened since the registered cases
are higher than what doctors can handle. It also psychological effect to the staff members since
their families are also at risk. When a staff is not well protected it also puts their family members
at risk of contracting the disease.
Signs and symptoms
Some of the main symptoms of corona virus include high body temperature, fever, coughing,
sneezing and difficulty in breathing according to Everett et al, (2020).
Treatment
There is no treatment of corona virus at the moment. Doctors are still doing research on the
treatment and vaccines.

References
Driggin, E., Madhavan, M. V., Bikdeli, B., Chuich, T., Laracy, J., Bondi-Zoccai, G., ... &
Brodie, D. (2020). Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and
health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Journal of
the American College of Cardiology.
Everett, J. A., Colombatto, C., Chituc, V., Brady, W. J., & Crockett, M. (2020). The
effectiveness of moral messages on public health behavioral intentions during the
COVID-19 pandemic.
White, D. B., & Lo, B. (2020). A Framework for Rationing Ventilators and Critical Care Beds
During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA.
Wong, J., Goh, Q. Y., Tan, Z., Lie, S. A., Tay, Y. C., Ng, S. Y., & Soh, C. R. (2020). Preparing
for a COVID-19 pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a
large tertiary hospital in Singapore. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien
d'anesthésie, 1-14.