Research Report: Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health of UK Citizens

This report investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the UK population, employing a quantitative research approach. The study aims to evaluate the societal impacts of COVID-19, understand mental health issues, analyze the challenges faced by UK citizens during the pandemic, and recommend strategies for tackling these issues. Data was collected through questionnaires from 20 respondents using random sampling, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation. Key findings indicate that the pandemic had a significant impact on mental health, with factors such as lockdowns, social distancing, and lack of communication contributing negatively. The research highlights the challenges people faced, including restricted travel and social interaction, and concludes that these factors were major drivers of increased mental health issues in the UK. The report references relevant literature and includes statistical appendices to support its findings. Desklib provides access to this and many other solved assignments for students.

LC572 Quantitative Research
Methods for Social Scientists

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................4
METHODS......................................................................................................................................4
Methods used...............................................................................................................................4
Sampling......................................................................................................................................5
Research process..........................................................................................................................5
Ethical consideration....................................................................................................................5
Reflexivity....................................................................................................................................5
FINDING.........................................................................................................................................6
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
APPENDIX 1...................................................................................................................................9
APPENDIX 2.................................................................................................................................13
APPENDIX 3.................................................................................................................................37

Research Topic : To evaluate the impact of COVID 19 over the mental health of the person. a
study on UK population.
INTRODUCTION
The pandemic has been the reason for the increased of issues related to both physical and
mental health of the individuals. Due to which there was a develop a degree of fear, worry and
concern that is present in the population of the large and among the certain groups. All the
different age groups were affected from the care providers and the ways in which the people
underlying the health conditions.
Research Rationale
The reason for conducting this study is to help the people understand how the pandemic
impacted the mental health of the individuals. It will help the other researchers understand the
ways in which disease can impact the mental health of an individual.
Aim
The aim of this research is to analyse the consequence of Covid-19 on the mental well-
being of people in UK.
Objectives
 To evaluate the impacts of Covid-19 in society.
 To understand the concept of mental health issues in a person.
 To analyse mental health issues face by UK population during Covid-19.
 To recommend strategies for tackling the mental health issues during pandemic for UK
citizens.
Research Questions

Q1 What does mental health of a person indicate?
Q2 How did Covid-19 affect the mental health of people?
Q3 What measures can be taken for facing the mental health issues during pandemic?
LITERATURE REVIEW
Kola and et.al., (2021) explained that the pandemic has to be considered to be the factor
that was responsible for the ways in which it has affected the society. The individuals are also
said to be affected from the pandemic as it has affected the social interactions which people had
with other individuals. Vindegaard and Benros, (2020) also explained that due to the fear that
was build in the minds of the people also the mental health of the individuals was affected. For
the people losing the knowns individuals due to the pandemic has also been the reason for poor
mental health.
According to the study of Vahia and et.al., 2020) it can be concluded that the mental
health issues in an individuals are also considered to be the signs different range of mental health
conditions. It can be due to the disorders that the body of an individual has. It is also said to be
the factor that is able to help the individuals think about the ways in which they think with
anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and addictive behaviours. Pfefferbaum and
North, (2020) added to that by adding some people also develop mental disorders due to the
impact of some events. Such mental health disorder differs from time to time. In the school it is
very important for the organization to be able to analyse the work and also manage the symptoms
that can be changed with a combination of the medications and also talk therapy.
As per the view of Li and et.al.,(2020) the social distancing that was due to the factors of
pandemic for the purpose of breaking the cycle of infection was the main reason for the
increasing the rate of growth of Covid-19. This is also the significance of increasing the doubling
up of time of cases that was because of the lock down. Due to this there were rise in many metal
health disorders that were related tot eh psychological problems. Dein and et.al., (2020) pointed
out that the adjustment disorder, depression, Anxiety and panic was one of the most common
form of disorder that was created during the pandemic. It was said that the due to the isolation
that was present in the lives due to the increase distance from family and friends. It was said to
be the social support systems that have increased mental issues like anxiety and depression.

METHODS
Methods used
Research Approach:
There are two different types of research approach which are considered to be inductive
and deductive research approach. It has been found that the aid of gaining the information is
about the procedure that is essential for carrying forward the study. This research is will use the
deductive approach for understanding the impacts of pandemic on mental health.
Data collection :
For this research the data was collection in the form of Questionnaire. These questions
were asked to different respondents from which consent was taken through a consent form.
Data analysis
The data collected from the both the primary and secondary sources was analysed with
the preprepared of themes that would help in highlighting the ways in which the employees are
going to be helpful for being analysed.
Sampling
In order to develop the study 20 respondents are selected for asking the questions that are
regarding the impacts that the Covid-19 pandemic had on the mental health of the individuals.
For the selection of the individuals random sampling technique is used for being able to gather
information from different perspectives.
Research process
Research process is the specific process or technique which is used for the identification
of the selection of process. In this research the research process that is selected is the positivism.
This is the process through which the experience and exclusion of the prior or metaphysical
speculations are taken under considerations.
Ethical consideration
For the collection of the data in this study, scholar will have proper information that has
been selected for the sending consent form for ensuring the no alteration in information and also
full consent of the data that is going to help in meeting the ethical requirements of the study.
Reflexivity
It is the general references to the examination of one's belief and judgement that is
practised during the research process for how they might provide the influences that the research

has analysed. For this research the influence of positionality refers to the ways in which they are
able to believe the reflexivity about their knowledge.
FINDING
Frequency table
Q4. Do COVID 19 created any impact over the mental health of the person?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 12 60.0 60.0 60.0
No 8 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0
According to the analysis of this study it can be found that the majority of the individuals
did have some sort of impact over their mental health. This shows the severity of the impact that
was created from the pandemic.
Q5. What impact does COVID 19 created over the mental health of person?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Positive 12 60.0 60.0 60.0
Negative 8 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0
From this analysis it can be found that the organization it was found that Covid-19 was
able to create positive impacts on the mental health of the person. From the analysis it can be
said that the majority people preferred staying with family during the pandemic.
Q6. Which factors contributed in negatively affecting mental health of person with respect to
COVID?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

Valid
Lock-down 4 20.0 20.0 20.0
Social distancing 3 15.0 15.0 35.0
Lack of communication 4 20.0 20.0 55.0
All of the above 9 45.0 45.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0
This question helped in understanding that all the factors such as Lock-down, social
distancing and lack of communication were collectively responsible for the mental disorders in
individuals of UK.
Cross tabulation
With the help of cross tabulation table 35 it is clear that Pearson R is 0.00 which implies that
there are different types of the factors which affects the mental health of the person to a great
extent. Along with this the another table 40 outlines that the significance value is 0.096 which is
more that standard 0.05 then it implies that there are challenges which affects the person and
their living to a great extent. Moreover, table 43 stated that the significance value is 0.276 and
this is more than the standard. Thus, this implies that when person was not allowed to meet
others then this increased the mental pressure and affected the mental health in negative manner.
DISCUSSION
Theme 1 Impacts created by the mental health of a person
The mental health of the person is affected due Covid-19 because of the increased lack of
social interactions the people had to encounter due to the negative aspects of mental health
issues.
Theme 2 Factors contributed in negatively affecting mental health
This research has been able to analyse that the factor which contribute to the negative
affects of mental health are Lockdown, Social distancing and Lack of communication.
Theme 3 Challenges were faced by people during the COVID time
Challenges which the people had to face during the Covid-19 time were the lack of
travelling, not being able to meet people and also being restricted at home.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that the lock-down, social distancing and lack
of communication was the major reason for the increase of mental health issue in UK population.
In this research the data has been gathered from the quantitative study very effectively through
the help of questionnaire.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Kola, L., and et.al., 2021. COVID-19 mental health impact and responses in low-income and
middle-income countries: reimagining global mental health. The Lancet Psychiatry.
8(6). pp.535-550.
Vindegaard, N. and Benros, M.E., 2020. COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences:
Systematic review of the current evidence. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 89. pp.531-
542.
Vahia, I.V., and et.al., 2020. COVID-19, mental health and aging: a need for new knowledge to
bridge science and service. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 28(7).
pp.695-697.
Pfefferbaum, B. and North, C.S., 2020. Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic. New England
Journal of Medicine. 383(6). pp.510-512.
Li, W., and et.al.,2020. Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in
China. International journal of biological sciences. 16(10). p.1732.
Dein, S.,and et.al., 2020. COVID-19, mental health and religion: An agenda for future research.
Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 23(1). pp.1-9.
Online
MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES FOLLOWING COVID- 19, 2021[Online]. Available through:
<https://health.odisha.gov.in/pdf/CTR/CCTSCB/Mental-Health-Covid-19.pdf>

APPENDIX 1
Table 1- Statistic for all variables
Statistics
Q1.
Which
category
of age
do you
belong?
Q2.
What is
your
gender?
Q3.
What is
the
ethnic
group
to
which
you
belong?
Q4. Do
COVID
19
created
any
impact
over
the
mental
health
of the
person?
Q5.
What
impact
does
COVID
19
created
over
the
mental
health
of
person?
Q6. Which
factors
contributed
in
negatively
affecting
mental
health of
person
with
respect to
COVID?
Q7. What
challenges
were
faced by
people
during the
COVID
time?
Q8.
Was not
meeting
any
other
person
major
reason
behind
increase
in
mental
health?
Q9. Were
there any
challenges
faced due
to
negative
impact on
mental
health?
Q10. What
were the
effect of
negative
mental
health over
the person
and their
behaviour?
N
Valid 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Missing0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 1.8500 1.5000 2.2000 1.4000 1.4000 2.9000 2.9000 1.4000 1.4000 2.9000
Median 2.0000 1.5000 2.0000 1.0000 1.0000 3.0000 3.0000 1.0000 1.0000 3.0000
Mode 2.00 1.00a 1.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 4.00
Std.
Deviation.67082 .51299 1.15166.50262 .50262 1.20961 1.20961 .50262 .50262 1.20961
a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown
Table 2
Q1. Which category of age do you belong?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Young 6 30.0 30.0 30.0
Middle 11 55.0 55.0 85.0
Old 3 15.0 15.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0
Table 3
Q2. What is your gender?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Male 10 50.0 50.0 50.0
Female 10 50.0 50.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0
Table 4
Q3. What is the ethnic group to which you belong?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid White 7 35.0 35.0 35.0
Black 6 30.0 30.0 65.0
Asian 3 15.0 15.0 80.0

Others 4 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0
Table 5
Q4. Do COVID 19 created any impact over the mental health of the
person?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 12 60.0 60.0 60.0
No 8 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0
Table 6
Q5. What impact does COVID 19 created over the mental health of
person?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Positive 12 60.0 60.0 60.0
Negative 8 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0
Table 7