COVID-19 Impact on Black African/Caribbean Communities: A Case Study

This report investigates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black African and Caribbean communities residing in Barking and Dagenham, London, focusing on the exacerbation of existing health disparities and the rise in domestic abuse, bereavement, job losses, and business closures. It highlights the importance of valuing diversity, promoting inclusion, and addressing structural inequalities to mitigate the pandemic's disproportionate impact on these communities. The research aims to understand the concept of valuing and promoting diversity, differences and inclusion among black African and Caribbean living in Barking and Dagenham in context with domestic abuse, death and bereavement loss of job and businesses in COVID times, evaluate the causes and effects of COVID on black African and Caribbean living in Barking and Dagenham in context with domestic abuse, death and bereavement loss of job and businesses, and examine the ways or strategies used to maximize the effects of valuing and promoting diversity, differences and inclusion among black African and Caribbean living in Barking and Dagenham in COVID times. The report emphasizes the need for evidence-based practices and ethical research to inform effective interventions and improve health and social care for marginalized populations.

Fundamentals of evidence-based
Practice

Table of Content.
TITLE..............................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO1..................................................................................................................................................2
Role of research for evidence-based practice within health and social care...............................2
LO2 AND LO3 RESEARCH PROPOSAL.....................................................................................4
RESERACH AIMS.........................................................................................................................4
RESERACH OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................4
RESERACH QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................5
Concept of valuing and promoting diversity, differences and inclusion among black African
and Caribbean living in Barking and Dagenham in context with domestic abuse, death and
bereavement loss of job and businesses in COVID times...........................................................5
Causes and effects of COVID on black African and Caribbean living in Barking and
Dagenham in context with domestic abuse, death and bereavement loss of job and businesses.
.....................................................................................................................................................6
Ways or strategies used to maximize the effects of valuing and promoting diversity,
differences and inclusion among black African and Caribbean living in Barking and
Dagenham in COVID times.........................................................................................................7
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................8
Research philosophy....................................................................................................................8
Research approach.......................................................................................................................8
Methodological choices...............................................................................................................8
Research Strategies......................................................................................................................9
TIME LINE.....................................................................................................................................9
POTENTIAL IMPACT OF RESEARCH.....................................................................................11
LO4................................................................................................................................................11
Value of literature review process in influencing positive alteration within health and social
care practice...............................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION............................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

TITLE
“Effects of COVID on black African and Caribbean living in Barking and Dagenham in relation
to domestic abuse, death, and bereavement loss of job and businesses.”
INTRODUCTION
Health disparities are an evitable difference within the well-being results in the group of
people among the population caused by the absence towards a healthy living. In this, the
structural disparity can occur when the fabric of the workplace, administration or the social
networks can include an embedded bias that can give the benefit for workers as well as can
marginalize or creates the disadvantages for other people as well. A disparity was mainly
recognized by the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham earlier the outbreak of an
infectious illness to be a key element within the reduced results of the residents across Borough
as compared with London as well as the national averages (Byrne, 2019). In addition to this, the
link among the diseased well-being as well as deprivation is generally crucial in knowing the
impact of infectious outbreak over various groups, most particularly within the area having
advanced levels of deprivation like Barking and Dagenham. In the research, it mainly aims to
sum up the knowledge about the recent disparities within the Barking and Dagenham; the
specific association among outbreak of infectious illness and health disparities and domestic
abuse, death and bereavement loss of job and businesses. In this, the recent combined well-being
and health strategies which can concentrate over decreasing the well-being disparities. It can be
done by simply taking a preventative, system-broad methods with effective partners such as the
NHS gathering and voluntary sector workplace like business, charities and residents as well
towards the basic 3 themes. The themes can involve such as the best start within life, prior
diagnosis and interventions and building the resilience as well. It is identified that the basic three
themes can have high potential to effectively enhance the well-being disparities (Fancourt and
Finn, 2019). In this, having inclusive enhancement is a priority for the organization as well as
can concentrate over distributing an economic enhancement more within the community as well
as can produce an effective opportunity for all. As per the report of Barking and Dagenham
Growth Commission (2016), it generally encourages the specific vision of the organization to
effectively visualize Borough as a Growth opportunity of London as well as to deliver
approximately about 50,000 new houses as well as about 20,000 new occupations for the next
coming years.
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LO1
Role of research for evidence-based practice within health and social care.
Evidence based practice refers to the practice which are effective and are scientifically
proved and have better and positive outcome (Kaushik and Walsh, 2019). This is the one that can
lead to create high impact on delivery of better and effective response towards providing better
health to their patient. This include the integration of expert opinion which can provide
knowledge, judgement and critical reasoning that are required in training and professional
experiences. There is need to provide better and effective healthcare treatment and care to patient
for their better and improved health. In this, there is need to get ensure about care and treatment
of better quality. This is the one that are highly effective and should help to evaluate the social
interaction, resolving environmental issues which can affect health, developing theories,
addressing benchmarking needs or barriers. Through applying the evidence-based research, it
can lead to create high impact on the delivery of better and effective healthcare treatment to
patient for their improved health.
There are different skills which are required to conduct research that are effective and may
help in provide better and effective consideration about conduct the research. This is the one that
may lead to help research to perform the research in more appropriate way (Li, Goerlandt and
Reniers, 2021). This can also include better interpretation of data that are effect and allow to
interpret different data and allow to gather better quality of information about the research topic.
To conduct ethical research, there is also need to get ensure that researcher should avoid or
minimise the harm which are effective and may lead to provide help in performing research in
ethical manner. There is also need to get ensure that no one should get hurt or harm during the
research process that led to create negative impact on the health. Research should also ensure
about following some ethical consideration which are essential to ensure about performing the
research in ethical manner. In this, researcher should ensure about voluntary participation,
anonymity, informed consent, confidentiality, include potential of harm along with results the
communication (Melgarejo and et. al., 2020). Here, research should also provide proper
information about the intellectual property frankly and should follow the informed consent rules
which is required to follow the ethical research. These are some of the ethical considerations that
should be performed in more efficient way and allow to provide better positive outcomes to the
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researcher. This can also help to influence about the better improvement in the practices that can
also lead to positive outcomes in health and care support provision (Fazio and et. al., 2018).
There is also need to ensure about using the current skills which are effective and may lead
to create high impact on improving and using the evidence-based practices. This can also help to
influence the valuing the ethics during the research. There are different skills like goal setting,
data collection, interviewing, report writing, critical thinking, planning and scheduling that are
effective in the data collection and allow to provide better deal to understand about the research
topic. There, evidence-based practices can also help to provide better learning and understanding
about the effective response which are associated with taking care of improve health and care
services. These are the skills and knowledge that are effective and help research to perform the
research in more appropriate way. This can help to conduct the literature review that are
associated with using the evidence-based practices towards delivery of health and social care
(Singh and et. al., 2020).
There is purpose of the research which include about gathering better collection of data,
forming conclusion, implementing findings and forming new research question that are effective
and may help to provide better and effective response towards the research topic which can be
effective to share the information about the research topic within health and social care. Through
research it can allow to provide evidence-based data and outcome that can be used in the practice
within health and social care. It has the purpose to gather different information which are
associated with ensuring about performing different roles that may help to gather different data
and help in achieving better response towards the care process. This can also allow to gather the
evidence-based information that can used in the theories and may help to contribute in
developing knowledge about the research topic which include in the practices of health and
social care (Tucker and et. al., 2019).
There is various process of conducting research which are effective and can help to gather
different information which are associated with research topic. This is the one which include
different process. This may include different steps like identification of research problem,
formulation of hypothesis, review of related literature, preparation of research design, actual
experimentation, results along with discussion, formulation of conclusion along with
recommendations. These are the research process which are effective and may lead to create
better positive impact through applying the evidence-based practices (Haddaway and et. al.,
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2018). This is the one which are effective and may help to provide better positive impact the
large population. Through applying the research process and purpose which are effective and
may help to provide better understanding about the effective response that may influence about
performing better practices within the health and social care. This can also include better dealing
and effective response towards the evidence-based practices. Here, research process can allow to
gather positive response and different information which are effective to use that information as
the evidence to enhance the health and social care practices. Through using the purpose and
process of research, it can allow to provide better and effective information gathering about the
research topic that can allow to gather the information in more appropriate way (Cicerone and et.
al., 2019). This can also help to use that information as the evidence which are scientifically
proved and should be used in the health and social care practices. Through apply the evidence-
based practice that are effective and provide better support in applying those practices that can
help to promote diversity in which evidence-based practices can be helpful in getting better care
and improve patient health in more effective way. Here, valuing and promotion diversity can be
effective where evidence-based practices can allow to perform well in the health and social care
practices. This may also include inclusion of every individual and should not create any type of
discrimination about providing healthcare practices to different population and should not create
any type of health issues (Albarqouni and et. al., 2018).
LO2 AND LO3 RESEARCH PROPOSAL
RESERACH AIMS
To analyse the effects of COVID on black African and Caribbean living in Barking and
Dagenham in relation to domestic abuse, death and bereavement loss of job and businesses.
RESERACH OBJECTIVES
 To understand the concept of valuing and promoting diversity, differences and inclusion
among black African and Caribbean living in Barking and Dagenham in context with
domestic abuse, death and bereavement loss of job and businesses in COVID times.
 To evaluate the causes and effects of COVID on black African and Caribbean living in
Barking and Dagenham in context with domestic abuse, death and bereavement loss of
job and businesses.
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 To examine the ways or strategies used to maximize the effects of valuing and promoting
diversity, differences and inclusion among black African and Caribbean living in Barking
and Dagenham in COVID times.
RESERACH QUESTIONS
 What is the concept of valuing and promoting diversity, differences and inclusion among
black African and Caribbean living in Barking and Dagenham in context with domestic
abuse, death and bereavement loss of job and businesses in COVID times?
 What are the causes and effects of COVID on black African and Caribbean living in
Barking and Dagenham in context with domestic abuse, death and bereavement loss of
job and businesses?
 What are the ways or strategies used to maximize the effects of valuing and promoting
diversity, differences and inclusion among black African and Caribbean living in Barking
and Dagenham in COVID times?
LITERATURE REVIEW
Concept of valuing and promoting diversity, differences and inclusion among black African and
Caribbean living in Barking and Dagenham in context with domestic abuse, death and
bereavement loss of job and businesses in COVID times.
As per the view of Kristin J Moore et. al., 2020, the terms inclusion and diversity are
frequently treated as a synonym, but in actual they are quite different concepts which both can
contribute towards the equity climate among an organization. In this, the concept of diversity is
mainly defined as a variety of faces within an organization, the people from various demographic
groups like gender, race, sexual, ethnic, age, and nationality. In addition to this, an enhanced
diversity can contribute towards the knowledge base which an organization can rely on. In this,
the organizations generally enhancing a concentration over encouraging the diversities in order
to involve the new notions as well as for legal, ethical as well as the public associations reasons.
It is known by the article that outbreak of infectious contamination is not a socially neutral
illness. In this, the virus can potentially make influence over every people, with age as well as
the biological sex that is the highest component, contamination as well as the mortality figures
via the outbreak of pandemic generally have followed all the existing patterns of structural
disparity which is more acquainted towards both well-being and social analysts. In this, the
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patterns of well-being disparities within England as well as their association towards the social
disparities were clearly set out as an outcome of an independent review (Beyond Diversity:
Focusing on and Enhancing Inclusion in the Society for Epidemiologic Research, 2020).
Causes and effects of COVID on black African and Caribbean living in Barking and Dagenham
in context with domestic abuse, death and bereavement loss of job and businesses.
As per the view of Bindu Devkota Sapkot, Padam Simkhada, Nadia Marie Wager (2020),
there are various approaches which has been taken to reduce effectively the spread of infectious
outbreak. The offices, schools, transport, restaurants as well as the businesses has been shut
down due to the outbreak. Within the grocery stores, they generally introduced social distancing
queuing, can permitting only one of the family members to enter into the shop in any of the visit,
one way system, no touch policies and contactless payments as well. It is determined that the
lock-down generally imposed by the authorities, people are needed to stay at their homes and are
only permitted to go out for their necessary reasons like buying their medications as well as some
necessary stuffs for household as well as for the reasonable regular exercise within the outdoors.
Therefore, the people with well-being issues are determined as generally placing them at higher
risk of experiencing the worst manifestations of the illness which can be only treated via the use
of ventilators were asked to take some additional precautions called as shielding. In addition to
this, these such people as well as those who are living within the same house, were mainly
advised to remain within their homes and not have any face-to-face contact with the other
individual. Unfortunately, the influence of these such essential measures of lock-down such as
isolation, lack of effective routine, stress as well as the social encouragement, combined with the
impending sense of uncertainty about the future appear to have a negatively influenced the both
mental as well as a physical well-being of the public. In addition to this, During the lockdown,
girls and kids have been the maximum liable to home violence (DV).
The domestic may also have in no way been a secure area to stay for folks that discover
themselves in an abusive relationship. It is the area wherein maximum of the home and own
circle of relative’s violence occurs. Therefore, the lockdown has caused a boom in conditions
related to an excessive injury for extreme violence, which can include isolation, stress, activity
insecurity, as well as aa volatile ranges of alcohol consumption, particularly among people with
structured children. The lockdown is possibly to have exacerbated violence in an abusive
relationship that pre-dated the Covid-19 lockdown. More additionally, it has caused the onset of
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violence in formerly violence-loose relationships because of the surprising and unpredictable
stressors of lockdown. The effect of residing in such an abusive or violent dating is likewise
magnified with the aid of using the lockdown because it makes it hard for the victim to go away
the dating, to talk out towards the offender, or to are seeking someplace secure to live. Co-
habiting with an abuser at some stage in lockdown also way the criminal has extra freedom to act
violently without coming to the eye of others (The impact of Covid-19 on Domestic Violence and
the Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Community, 2020).
Ways or strategies used to maximize the effects of valuing and promoting diversity, differences
and inclusion among black African and Caribbean living in Barking and Dagenham in
COVID times.
As per the public health report year 2020/21, the COVID-19 pandemic generally needs a
device reaction from the Public Health professionals, colleagues withinside the Council and
device companions in order to preserve the citizens secure as well as to assist control the
instantaneously and longer-time period effects of the pandemic. In this bankruptcy it can
describe a number of the important thing moves which are specifically taken in reaction to the
pandemic, bear in mind possibilities going ahead to construct at the learnings from the pandemic
as well as a pathway to preserve this in the recuperation section to address the inequalities more
efficiently. Contact tracing has generally been key at some stage in the outbreak of infectious
illness, it's miles an important manner to govern an unfold of contamination as well as the
procedure can entails in determining the ones who've examined a wonderful as well as tracing
the ones which could were in touch with them. Depending over the character as well as period
those contacts may also can require in addition recommendation, trying out or remedy to save
you in addition transmission of the disease.
Alongside Public Health England, Barking and Dagenham can become one of the first
boroughs to enforce a nearby infectious outbreak Contact Tracing Service. This locally
introduced the care provider steps in whilst NHS Test and Trace countrywide groups cannot
touch wonderful instances inside 24 hours. It generally makes use of trying out statistics from
Public Health England to music and hint wonderful instances to offer them with recommendation
as well as steering on self-isolation, trying out and to be had help provided with the aid of using
the council. Barking and Dagenham is amongst one of the few nearby authorities can delivering
head-to-head door knocking provider for the ones now no longer reached through telephone. The
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group make certain they touch 100% cases in the 24 hours, correctly reaching nearly over 70%
of instances. The effectiveness of this provider indicates the capability of this provider to assist
help centred intervention and assist us to identify, attain out and help people with better want and
maximum impacted to lessen the disparities (Equality Challenges in Barking and Dagenham,
2021).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology is mainly described as a process or an approach which is
assistive to effectively identify the procedures of selection, activity and examine the information
on the effects of COVID outbreak on black African and Caribbean living in Barking and
Dagenham in context with domestic abuse, death and bereavement loss of job and businesses.
Research philosophy
Research philosophy is mainly a set of notion that can make a respond of nature of the
realism which is being measured. In addition, it generally includes the two Research philosophy
approaches like Epistemology and Ontology. The research philosophy will continue with
Epistemology as it is the scientific study which can show the information that can be prove
without having doubt. With help of Epistemology as a research philosophy approach, it generally
attempts to discover the more effective understanding which can specifically address the facts
that is based on it. Through such approach, it can give an enough understanding about the effects
of COVID outbreak on black African and Caribbean living in Barking and Dagenham in context
with domestic abuse, death and bereavement loss of job and businesses.
Research approach
The research approach can include both deductive as well as inductive methods and its
assessment which is based on various elements which is generally be on peculiar selection, aim
of the research, its terminal point as well as the individualized beliefs. In this, the research
approach that is used within study is deduction method that generally show that it can flow the
characteristics from generic to specific. The research mainly precede contrast of deductive which
is linked with the effects of COVID outbreak on black African and Caribbean living in Barking
and Dagenham in context with domestic abuse, death and bereavement loss of job and
businesses.
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Methodological choices
In contrast with the methodological choices, there is a mixed choices which is usually
taken within the research. In this, there are generally two main methods that are used and are as
mentioned below:
Qualitative data: The qualitative data can include collection of data which is specifically linked
with the non-numerical data.
Quantitative Choices: A quantitative choice is primarily supported over the numbers as well as
digits and can include number of surveys of the entire public within a group.
Research Strategies
Research strategies generally involve several data which is specifically being gathered
from experiments, survey, archival research, a case study and an action research as well.
TIME LINE
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